International journal of advanced smart convergence

The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (한국인터넷방송통신학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development and Validation of Life Safety Awareness Scale of High School Students and Analysis of Interindividual Differences

  • Lee, Soon-Beom (Gunsan Jeil High School) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Mi (Education Assignment Institute, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Kong, Ha-Sung (Dept. of Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk Univ)
  • Received : 2022.10.16
  • Accepted : 2022.10.22
  • Published : 2022.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Life safety awareness level diagnosis is necessary for customized safety education and continuous safety awareness. As the starting stage of safety education for each life cycle, a scale that has verified the reliability and validity of high school students' life safety awareness has not yet been developed. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate the life safety awareness scale of high school students and to analyze interindividual differences. Questionnaire data was collected from April to June 2022 from 834 students in the first, second, and third grades of high schools in △△ city in Jeollabuk-do. A final 25-item scale was developed using the preliminary survey, preliminary test, the main test, descriptive statistical analysis, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This scale consists of four sub-factors: 'safety prevention', 'safety knowledge', 'safety preparation', and 'safety protection'. Good reliability and validity were verified by analysis of content validity and construct validity. The generalizability of the scale was verified by crossover validation between the search group and the crossover group. Based on the interindividual differences analysis, although there was a difference between genders in life safety awareness, there was no difference by grade level and academic achievement. This study is significant in developing the first valid scale that can measure high school students' life safety awareness and providing the necessity and rationale for life safety education by life cycle considering individual gender differences.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Public Safety and Security, Safety Education Guidance Guide for Each Life Cycle, 2016.
  2. Ministry of Education, Confirmation and Presentation of the 2015 Revised Curriculum Summary and Each Statement, 2015.
  3. S. B. Lee, Scale Development and Profile Analysis of High School Students' Fire Safety Awareness, Master Thesis, Woosuk University, Korea, 2022.
  4. H. W. Kim and M. S. Lee, "A Study on the Development of the Measuring Scale of Safety Consciousness," Journal of Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 87-107, 2002. DOI; https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200211922619442.pdf
  5. National Fire Agency, Behavior Change Model and Safety Awareness Index Development Study, 2007.
  6. S. B. Lee and H.S, Kong, "Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure High School Students' Disaster Safety Awareness," International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (IJIBC), Vol.13 No.4 154-168, 2021. DOI: http://dx.oi.org/10.7236/IJIBC.2021.13.4
  7. S. B. Lee and H. S. Kong "Scale Development and Profile Analysis of High School Students' Fire Safety Awareness, " Fire & Safety Research, Vol. 2, pp. 130-152, 2021. DOI: http://www.nfire.go.kr/board/boardView.do?menu_id=612&board_id=460&board_type_id=BBS_0000000302&board_ctgr_val1=&board_ctgr_val2=&board_ctgr_val3=&listSize=10&nowPage=1&keyWord=
  8. H.J. Im, "An Analysis on the Relationship between Safety-awareness and Safety-practice among Elementary Students", Master Thesis, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea, 2005.
  9. S. Y. Kim, "Safety Awareness and Safety Practice Behavior of College," Journal of Korean Academy Clinical Electrophysiology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 279-289, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2015.13.2.279
  10. S. J. Hong and S. H. Kim, "Development and Validation of Water Safety Awareness Scale for Elementary School Students Using Rasch Rating Scale Model," The Korea Journal of Sports Science, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 1203-1215, 2017. DOI: http://dx.10.35159/kjss.2017.08.26.4.1203
  11. Dikmenli, Yakar, and Konca, "Development of Disaster Awareness Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study," Review of International Geographical Education Online (RIGEO), Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 206-220, 2018.
  12. Jennifer, A. Taylor, Andrea, L. Davis, Lauren,J. Shepler,Jin Lee, Carolyn Cannuscio, DovZohar, and Christian Rescik, "Development and Validation of the Fire Service Safety Climate Scale," Safety Science, Vol. 118, pp. 126-144, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.007
  13. Netemeyer, Bearden, and Sharma, Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications, Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2003.
  14. DeVellis, Scale Development: Theory and Applications (2nd ed.), Los Angeles: Sage, 2003.
  15. Bentler, P. M. and Bonett, D. G., "Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures," Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 88, pp. 588-606, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
  16. Browne, M. W. and Cudeck, R., Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE, 1993.
  17. Hu, L. T. and Bentler, P. M., "Cutoff criteria for indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives," Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 6, pp. 1-55, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  18. E. M. Kim, The Importance and Implementation of General High School Students' Subject Selection Criteria, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Jeonbuk National University, 2021.
  19. Hidden Grace Thesis Statistics Team, Papers that pass at once, Seoul: Hanbit Academy Co., Ltd., 2020.
  20. B. G. Bak and H. S. Kang, "Development and Validation of a Self-Report form of Integrative Creativity Scale," The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 20, No 1, pp. 155-177, 2006. DOI: https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06763598
  21. S. Y. Kim, Basics and Extensions of Structural Equation Models, Bachelor of Science, 2019.