Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Early menarche and its consequence in Korean female: reducing fructose intake could be one solution

  • Kim, Ji Hyun (Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Jung Sub (Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital)
  • Received : 2019.04.17
  • Accepted : 2020.02.28
  • Published : 2021.01.15
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Abstract

The mean age at menarche (AAM) of Korean females has been rapidly decreasing over the last 50 years; currently, the prevalence of early menarche (<12 years) is 22.3%. Female adolescents who experience early menarche are known to be at greater risk of psychosocial and behavioral problems along with several physical health problems such as menstrual problems. They also tend to achieve a shorter final height and develop obesity. Population-based Korean studies have shown a strong association between early menarche and the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although the exact mechanism of how early menarche causes cardiometabolic derangement in later adulthood is unknown, childhood obesity and insulin resistance might be major contributors. Recent studies demonstrated that an excessive consumption of fructose might underlie the development of obesity and insulin resistance along with an earlier AAM. A positive association was observed between sugar-sweetened beverages (a major source of fructose) intake and obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in Korean females. In pediatrics, establishing risk factors is important in preventing disease in later life. In this regard, early menarche is a simple and good marker for the management of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Decreasing one's fructose intake might prevent early menarche as well as the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic diseases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Sanghui Kweon from the Division of Health and Nutrition Survey for her technical support in analyzing the data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  1. Why should we be concerned about early menarche? vol.64, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00521