Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Monosodium glutamate induces memory and hepatic dysfunctions in mice: ameliorative role of Jobelyn® through the augmentation of cellular antioxidant defense machineries

  • Omogbiya, Adrian Itivere (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan) ;
  • Ben-Azu, Benneth (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan) ;
  • Eduviere, Anthony Taghogho (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University) ;
  • Eneni, Aya-Ebi Okubo (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan) ;
  • Nwokoye, Prisilla O. (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University) ;
  • Ajayi, Abayomi Mayowa (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan) ;
  • Umukoro, Solomon (Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan)
  • Received : 2020.07.18
  • Accepted : 2020.09.23
  • Published : 2021.07.15
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Abstract

This study investigated the effect of high doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a known food additive on hepatic, memory and locomotor functions in mice, and the ameliorative potentials of Jobelyn® (JB), a unique dietary supplement. Twenty four male Swiss mice divided into 4 groups (n=6) were given MSG (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) or normal saline (10 mL/kg) orally for 14 days. In the intervention study, another set of 30 male Swiss mice distributed into 5 groups (n=6) received normal saline, MSG (8 g/kg) alone or in combination with JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) orally, for 14 days. Memory and locomotor functions as well as brain oxido-nitrergic stress biomarkers were then assessed in both studies. The hepatic oxido-nitrergic stress biomarkers, liver enzymes functions and histomorphology of the liver were also assessed. MSG (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) produced memory dysfunction, hyperlocomotion, increased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels accompanied by decreased antioxidant status in the brain and hepatic tissues. MSG-treated mice had increased hepatic enzyme activities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and distorted cyto-architectural integrity of the liver. These findings further suggest that MSG compromised hepatic functioning, which might also contribute to its neurotoxicity. However, JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) attenuated the memory deficit, hyperlocomotion, increased oxido-nitrergic stress responses in the brain and hepatic tissues induced by MSG (8 g/kg, p.o). JB also normalized hepatic enzymes activities and histomorphological changes in MSG-treated mice. Taken together, JB mitigated MSG-induced toxicity through mechanisms relating to enhancement of cellular antioxidant-machineries and normalization of hepatic enzymatic functions.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the technical staff of the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan for their assistance.

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