Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Fish Community according to Habitat in the Woraksan National Park, Korea

월악산국립공원의 서식지에 따른 어류군집 분석

  • Park, Seung-Chul (Ecological Survey Division, National Park Research Institute)
  • 박승철 (국립공원연구원 생태조사부)
  • Received : 2021.07.21
  • Accepted : 2021.09.27
  • Published : 2021.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the current status of fish fauna and characteristics of the fish community according to the habitat of Woraksan National Park, Korea. The spatially balanced sampling selected 20 stations from major streams of Woraksan National Park, and three surveys were conducted in each season. The physical environments of the habitat were mostly mountain streams (Aa), with large stones and gravels scattered over the stream. The average altitude of the habitat was 304.4 m, and the average depth of water was 40.3 cm, being less than 1 m in most cases, and the river water level was distributed from 3rd to 5th streams. The principal component analysis of the physical environmental factors by habitat showed that the substrate properties differed according to the altitude. The survey identified a total of 2,183 individuals in 16 species belonging to 7 families. The dominant species was Zacco koreanus(86.2%), and the subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(3.8%). Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, classified as the endangered wildlife II, was the first endangered legally protected species found in this survey. Analysis of the rank abundance curve model in the fish community showed the Zipf model at 9 out of 20 points, the Lognormal model in 3 points, and the Preemption model in 4 points. The remaining 4 habitats showed only one species and were not analyzed. The canonical correspondence analysis of 20 stations and fish species was performed to understand the characteristics of the fish community according to environmental factors. The fish communities were divided according to differences in habitat environment by the altitude.

본 연구는 월악산국립공원의 서식지에 따른 어류상 현황 및 어류군집의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 월악산국립공원의 주요 하천에서 공간균등계층추출법으로 총 20개의 지점을 선정하였으며, 계절별로 3회 조사를 실시하였다. 서식지의 물리적 환경은 대부분 산간계류형(Aa) 하천이었으며, 하상구조는 큰돌과 자갈이 산재되어 있는 형태였다. 서식지의 평균고도는 304.4m, 평균 수심은 40.3cm로 대부분 1m를 넘지 않았으며, 하천 차수는 3~5차하천까지 분포하였다. 서식지별 물리적 환경요인에 대하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 고도에 따라 하상물질 특성이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 조사 결과 출현한 어종은 총 7과 16종 2,183개체가 확인되었으며, 우점종은 참갈겨니(86.2%), 아우점종은 버들치(3.8%)였다. 법정보호종으로는 멸종위기 야생생물 II급 가는돌고기가 본 조사에서 처음 출현하였다. 어류군집의 순위풍부도 곡선의 모형을 분석한 결과 20개 지점중 9개 지점에서 Zipf 모형이 도출되었으며, 대수정규 모형 3개 지점, 선점 모형 4개 지점, 그밖에 4개 지점은 1종만이 출현하여 분석이 불가능하였다. 환경요인에 따른 어류군집의 특성을 파악하기 위해 20개 지점과 출현종을 대상으로 정준상관분석을 실시한 결과 고도에 따른 서식환경의 차이로 인하여 어류군집이 나뉘는 것으로 파악되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립공원공단 국립공원연구원 「2020 월악산국립공원 공원자원조사」의 일환으로 수행되었습니다. 도움을 주신 모든 분께 감사드립니다.

References

  1. Choi, K.C., S.R. Jeon, I.S. Kim and Y.M. Son(2002) Coloured illustrations of the freshwater fishes of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, 277pp. (in Korean)
  2. Cummins, K.W.(1962) An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. American Midland Naturalist 67(2): 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  3. Jeon, S.R.(1980) Studies on the distribution of freshwater fishes from Korea. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Chungang, Seoul, 91pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Kani, T.(1944) Ecology of the aquatic insects inhabiting a mountain stream. In H. Furukawa(ed.), Insects I. Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo, pp.171-317. (in Japanese)
  5. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park(2002) Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohaksa Press Co., Seoul, 466pp. (in Korean)
  6. Kim, I.S.(1997) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea (Vol. 37 Freshwater Fishes). Ministry of Education, Seoul, 629pp. (in Korean)
  7. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim(2005) Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyohaksa Press Co., Seoul, 615pp. (in Korean)
  8. Kim, J.P., T.G. Kim and H.Y. Chae(2020) Spatially balanced sampling for selecting a representative set of natural habitats over the Korea national park. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation and Welfare 2020, Korean Institute of Forest Recreation and Welfare, 6pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Kim, S.H., S.H. Lee, W.O. Lee and K.H. Cho(2013) Distribution of Coreoperca kawamebari and C. herzi and Fish Community Structure in Relation to Environmental Differences in Their Sympatric Area of the Boseong River, Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 46(3): 367-379. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.3.367
  10. KNPS(Korea National Park Service)(2020) 2020 National Park basic statistics. Korea National Park Service, Wonju, 225pp. (in Korean)
  11. Magurran, A.E.(2004) Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 266pp.
  12. Mandelbrot, B.(1965) Information theory and psycholinguistics, In: B.A. Wolman and E.N. Nagel(eds.), Scientific Psychology. Basic Books Publishing Co., New York, pp.550-562.
  13. Motomura, I.(1932) A statistical treatment of association. Japanese Journal of Zoology 44: 379-383. (in Japanese)
  14. Nelson, J.S.(2006) Fishes of the World (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 601pp.
  15. NIBR(National Institute of Biological Resources)(2020) The List of Korean Taxonomic. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon. https://species.nibr.go.kr/
  16. NPRI(National Park Research Institute)(2019) 30 years of National Park natural resources research-Story book-. National Park Research Institute, Wonju, 421pp. (in Korean)
  17. Oksanen, J.(2011) Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Communities in R: Vegan Tutorial. http://cc.oulu.fi/~jarioksa/
  18. Oksanen, J., F.G. Blanchet, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, P.R. Minchin, R.B. O'Hara, G.L. Simpson, P. Solymos, M.H.H. Stevens and H. Wagner(2012) Package 'vegan', Community Ecology Package. http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org/
  19. Preston, F.W.(1948) The Commonness, and rarity, of species. Ecology 29(3): 254-283. https://doi.org/10.2307/1930989
  20. R Core Team(2012) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/
  21. Shannon, C.E. and W.W. Weaver(1963) The mathematical theory of communications. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 117pp.
  22. Stevens Jr, D.L. and A.R. Olsen(2004) Spatially balanced sampling of natural resource. Journal of American Statistical Association 99(465): 261-278.
  23. Ter Braak, C.J.F. and P.F.M. Verdonschot(1995) Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology. Aquatic Sciences 57(3): 255-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00877430
  24. Ter Braak, C.J.F.(1986) Canonical correspondence analysis: A new eigen vector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67(5): 1167-1179. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938672
  25. Whittaker, R.H.(1965) Dominance and diversity in land plant communities: Numerical relations of species express the importance of competition in community function and evolution. Science 147(3655): 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3655.250
  26. Wilson, J.B.(1991) Methods for fitting dominance/diversity curves. Journal of Vegetation Science 2(1): 250-260.
  27. Wilson, J.B., T.C.E. Wells, I.C. Trueman, G. Jones, M.D. Atkinson, M.J. Crawly, M.E. Dodd and J. Silvertown(1996) Are there assembly rules for plant species abundance? An investigation in relation to soil resources and successional trends. Journal of Ecology 84(4): 527-538. https://doi.org/10.2307/2261475
  28. Zipf, G.K.(1949) Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least Effort. Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge, 588pp.