보존과학회지 (Journal of Conservation Science)

  • 제37권5호
  • /
  • Pages.411-425
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1225-5459(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-9781(eISSN)
한국문화재보존과학회 (The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

원주 법천사지 지광국사탑 복원부 모르타르 재료학적 특징 및 표면손상 기초 해석

Analysis on Material Characteristics of Restored Areas with Mortar and Basis of Surface Deterioration on the Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Beopchensaji Temple Site in Wonju, Korea

  • 채승아 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 조하진 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 이태종 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터)
  • Chae, Seung A (Conservation Sciences Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Cho, Ha Jin (Conservation Sciences Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Tae Jong (Conservation Sciences Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2021.06.14
  • 심사 : 2021.07.07
  • 발행 : 2021.10.20
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

원주 법천사지 지광국사탑은 조성시기와 대상이 명확하며, 뛰어난 장엄조각과 화려한 문양이 새겨진 고려시대를 대표하는 승탑이다. 그러나 한국전쟁 당시 폭격으로 파손되어 1957년 시멘트와 철근 등으로 수리·복원하였으며, 오랫동안 복원부 모르타르의 영향으로 원형부재 표면에 손상이 진행되고 있었다. 이러한 손상원인을 확인하기 위해 복원부 모르타르와 원형부재의 풍화산물인 표면오염물을 분석하였다. 복원부 모르타르에서는 수산화칼슘, 방해석, 에트링자이트, 이수석고를 확인하였으며, pH측정과 중성화 반응검사를 통해 모르타르는 열화가 진행 중임을 알 수 있었다. 표면오염물 분석에서도 난용성 물질인 방해석, 이수석고가 확인되었고, 현미경 관찰을 통해 조암광물 사이에서 부피 성장 중인 모습도 관찰되었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 표면손상 기초 해석을 위해 염 결정 형성에 큰 영향을 미치는 칼슘과 황의 함량을 P-XRF를 이용하여 반정량 분석하였으며, 모르타르의 영향을 받은 탑신석과 영향을 받지 않은 상층기 단석을 비교하여 교차 검증하였다. 그 결과 해당 원소들이 탑신석의 표면손상에 직접적으로 관여한 것으로 판단된다.

The Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Beopcheonsa Temple Site in Wonju (National Treasure) is a representative stupa of the Goryeo Dynasty, with outstanding Buddhist carvings and splendid patterns, clearly indicating its honoree and year of construction. However, it was destroyed by bombing during the Korean War (1950-1953) and repaired and restored with cement and reinforcing bars in 1957. The surface condition of the original stone shows long-term deterioration due to the m ortar used in past restorations. In order to identify the exact causes of deterioration, the m ortar and surface contaminants on the original stone were analyzed. Portlandite, calcite, ettringite, and gypsum from the mortar were identified, and its ongoing deterioration was observed through pH measurements and the neutralization reaction test. Analysis of surface contaminants identified calcite and gypsum, both poorly water-soluble substances, and their growth in volume among rock-forming minerals was observed by microscopy. Based on those results, semi-quantitative analysis of Ca and S contents significantly influencing the formation of salt crystals was conducted using P-XRF to analyze the basis of surface deterioration, and cross-validation was performed by comparing the body stone affected by the mortar and the upper stylobate stone unaffected by the mortar. Results indicate that the elements are directly involved in the surface deterioration of the body stone.

키워드

과제정보

이 연구는 국립문화재연구소 문화유산조사연구(R&D) 사업의 일환으로 수행되었으며 이에 감사한다.

참고문헌

  1. Chun, Y.G., Lee, M.S., Kim, Y., Lee, S.M. and Lim, B.A., 2016, Forming process of surface contaminants on ten-story stone pagoda of Wongaksa temple, Seoul. Journal of Conservation Science, 32, 365-375. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2016.32.3.07
  2. Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, 2017, Report of conservation and restoration of State Preceptor Jigwang Stupa from Beopcheonsa temple Site in Wonju. 1, 54-141. (in Korean)
  3. Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, 2018, Report of conservation and restoration of State Preceptor Jigwang Stupa from Beopcheonsa temple Site in Wonju. 2, 83-92. (in Korean)
  4. Do, J.Y., 2003, Characteristics and origin of salts in the black surface layer of stone monuments. Journal of Conservation Science, 12(1), 15-25. (in Korean with English abstract)
  5. Jang, S.Y., Nam, B.J., Park, D.W., Kang, H.M., and Jung, Y.H., 2009, A study on the soluble salt and deterioration of ceramics from Taean Shipwreck. Conservation Studies, 30, 189-202. (in English abstract)
  6. Kim, D.G., Kim, S.S., Lee, S.T., and Kim, J.P., 2006, The method of durability increase on the concrete structure considering chemical attack. Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, 18(4), 49-56.
  7. Lee, M.H., Chun, Y.G., Lee, M.S., 2013, Deterioration mechanism interpretation and surface contaminant analysis of the five-storied stone pagoda in Tapriri, Uiseong. Economic and Environmental Geology, 46(5), 445-453. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2013.46.5.445
  8. Lee, T.J., Cho, H.J., Park, H.J. and Chae, S.A., 2018, The condition evaluation of mortar parts of Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Wonju Beopcheonsa temple site by half cell potential measurement, Journal of Conservation Science, 34(6), 503-515. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2011, Cleaning and Surface Contaminant of Stone Cultural Heritage, 8-11. (in Korean)
  10. Rijniers Lourens Albert, 2004, 'Salt crystallization in porous materials: and NMR study', Ph.D. research at Eindheven University of Technology.
  11. Winkler, E.M., 1994, Stone in architecture, 3ed., Springer-Verlag, Germany, 166.