References
- J. W. Kim, Y. S. Park, K. Y, Kim & K. S. Yang. (2021). An analysis of College Professors and Students' Perceptions and Experiences of online classes under the COVID-19 situation. Educational Reserch, 80(1), 33-58. DOI : 10.17253/swueri.2021.80..002
- W. S. Park, J. H. Park & Y. M. Lim. (2021). A qualitative study on the online class experience conducted with COVID-19. Journal of Learner- Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(12), 707-728. DOI : 10.12811/kshsm.2017.11.2.129
- S. Y. Song & H. K. Kim. (2020). Exploring Factors Influencing College Students' Satisfaction and Persistent Intention to Take Non-Face-to-Face Courses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Journal of Education 21(4), 1099-1126. DOI : 10.15753/aje.2020.12.21.4.1099
- S. M. Kim. (2020). Analysis of Press Articles in Korean Media on Online Education related to COVID-19. Journal of Digital Contents Society, 21(6), 1091-1100. DOI : 10.9728/dcs.2020.21.6.1091
- M. S. Kang & M. L. Kim. (2014). The Scale Development for instructor's role in online teaching. The Journal of Educational Information and Media, 20(4), 521-545. DOI : 10.15833/KAFEIAM.20.4.521
- Y. H. Cho, S. Y. Huh, H. S. Choi, J. Y. Kim & H. K. Lee. (2015). Research Trend of Online Learning in Higher Education: An Ecological Approach. Journal of Educational Technology, 31(4), 725-755. DOI : 10.17232/KSET.31.4.725
- M. W. Yu. (2021). Interaction between learning method and course division on the learning satisfaction and learning presence in the synchronous universities online class. masters dissertation. Konkuk University, Seoul.
- E. J. Lee. (2010). A Study on College Students' Perception on Convenience in Online Courses. Journal of Korean Association for Educational Information and Media, 16(3), 341-362.
- C. J. Hun. (2020). A completely changed experience to face-to-face learning: Focusing on counseling majors. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 20(16), 1105-1135. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2020.20.16.1105
- S. H. Bae & S. J. Hwang. (2021). Commitment and Predictors in Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 59(1), 279-308. DOI : 10.30916/KERA.59.1.279
- J. Y. Park. (2020). A Review of University Online Education Facilitated by COVID-19. Journal of the KSME, 60(7), 32-36.
- Y. H. Kim. (2020). Virtual Academic Experience of College Students Due to COVID-19. Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society, 21(12), 278- 290. DOI : 10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.12.278
- S. Y. Kim. (2021). Essay Analysis on College Students' Online/On-off Mixed Learning Experiences. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction. 21(9), 67-83. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.9.67
- E. S. Cho. (2020). Untact Classes in Post Covid-19: The Roles and Challenges of Educational Technology. Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 693-713. DOI : 10.17232/KSET.36.3.693
- M. S. Knowles. (1975). Self-directed learning: a guide for learners and teachers. N.Y.:Association Press.
- D. R. Garrison. (1997). Self-directed learning: Toward a comprehensive model. Adult Education Quarterly, 48(1), 18-33. DOI : 10.1177/074171369704800103
- Y. J. Bae. (2010). A qualitative study on self- directed Learning in cyber space. The Journal of Curriculum Studies, 28(2), 205-223. DOI : 10.15708/kscs.28.2.201006.008
- M. Y. Hai. (2020). The Self Directed Learning and Neo-Liberalism. The Journal of Korean Educational Idea, 34(2), 25-41. DOI : 10.17283/jkedi.2020.34.2.25
- P. J. Smith, K. L. Murphy & S. E. Mahoney. (2003). Towards identifying factors underlying readiness for online learning: On exploratory study. Distance education, 24(1), 57-67. DOI : 10.1080/01587910303043
- S. H. Im. & S. H. Hong. (2021). Effects of Task Value and Presence on Learning Flow of Nursing Students in Online Learning Environment. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(6), 387-397. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.6.387
- M. J. Oh. (2020). The Effect of Self-Regulation Learning, Teaching Presence, and Academic Achievement in the K-MOOC Setting. Journal of Lifelong Learning Society, 16(2), 191-212. DOI : 10.26857/JLLS.2020.5.16.2.191
- M. O. Suh. (2021). The Study of Graduate Students' Perceptions in the Graduate School of Education that Related the Case of Online Class in the Corena 19 Pandemic. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(2), 561-582. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.2.561
- Y. M. Jeong. (2020). The Difficulty and Needs for Support for Online Class Experience of College Students. The Journal of Humanities and Social science, 11(5), 685-698. DOI : 10.22143/HSS21.11.5.50
- J. M. Lim, S. H. Kim, M. J. Baek & K. H. Kim. (2021). The Effect of University Students' Learning flow, Self-Directed Learning, and Learning Outcomes on Uncontacted Online Class Satisfaction. Journal of Digital Convergence, 19(4), 393-401. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2021.19.4.393
- S. I. Kim. (2021). A Study on the Improvement of Learning Initiative in the Online Non-face-to-face Classes Caused by Covid-19 Pandemic. The Journal of Humanities and Social science 21, 12(1), 913- 927. DOI : 10.22143/HSS21.12.1.64
- M. N. Jun. (2020). Exploratory Discussion to Promote Youth's Self-Directed Learning. Journal of Korea Youth Counseling Association, 1(4), 25-52.
- Y. J. Kang, J. H. Rho & D. H. Kim. (2021). A Qualitative Study on Self-directed Learning in Online Classes of Medical School Students. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(4), 319-343. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.4.319
- S. Merriam. (2001). Something old, something new: The changing mosaic for adult learning theory. Andragogy Today: International Journal of Adult & Continuing Education, 4(1), 1-31.
- R. A. Krueger & M. A. Casey. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research 4th Edition. Seoul : Myung In Publishers.
- B. Downe-Wamboldt. (1992). Content analysis: Method, application, and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13(3), 313-321. DOI: 10.1080/07399339209516006
- Y. S. Lincoln & E. G. Guba. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications.
- P. R. Pintrich & E. V. De Groot. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33-40. DOI : 10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
- H. S. Joo. (2003). Conceptualization of Self-regulated Learning and Educational Implications. The Journal of Curriculum Studies, 21(1), 203-221.
- G. C. Hong. (2004). The Analysis of Learning Ability and The Development of Learning Model for Constructive Self-Directed Learning. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 18(1), 75-98.
- Y. J. Jo. (2011). An analysis of the structural relations among variables connected with self- directed learning ability of adult learners in higher educational institutions. Doctoral dissertation. Soongsil University, Seoul.
- Y. H. Seo. (2017). The Causal Relationship among Vocational Basic Competencies, Self-Efficacy, Nursing Professionalism and Self-Directed Learning Ability of Nursing Students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 17(11), 274-289. DOI : 10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.11.274
- Y. R. Kim. (2000). An Analysis on the Validation of School Learning Motivation Scale (A) & School-Related Coping Scale (B) and Relations Between (A)&(B). The Journal of Educational Studies, 17, 3-37.
- M. H. Shin. (2009). A Study on the Level of Selfregulated Learning Ability for Engineering College Students. Journal of Engineering Education Research 12(4), 84-92. DOI : 10.18108/jeer.2009.12.4.84
- S. H. Jin. (2013). Self-Directed Learning Strategies of High Academic Achievers Majoring in Engineering. Journal of Engineering Education Research, 16(5), 24-35. DOI : 10.18108/jeer.2013.16.5.24
- H. J. Lee & E. M. Sung. (2011). An Analysis of Learning Strategies of High Academic Achievers for Learner-centered Instructional Design in Higher Education. Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1), 1-35. DOI : 10.17232/KSET.27.1.1
- D. S. Lee. (2013). Development and Validity Test of Self-Directed Learning Evaluation System. Doctoral dissertation. Inje University, Busan.
- Y. S. Youn. (2012). The Model of Korean Ennea gram Self-directed Learning. Journal of Enneagram Studies, 9(2), 9-60. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesj.2012.190063
- D. S. Kim & M. H. Lee. (2019). Perception on Online Learning of Faculty Members in Higher Education. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 19(13), 845-867. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.13.845
- Y. E. Chin & J. W. Lee. (2007). Research the Trends and Tasks of Self-Directed Learning Studies in Korea. The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 24(1), 221-249. DOI : 10.24211/tjkte.2007.24.1.221
- H. D. Song & K. S. Kim. (2010). The Development and Application of An Integrative Assessment Framework for Analyzing Interaction in Asynchronous Learning Environments. Journal of Korean HRD Research, 5(3), 19 -37.
- J. Y. Lee, E. M. Sung, J. E. Lee, K. Y. Lim & S. Y. Han. (2020). Challenges and tasks facing online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 671-692. DOI : 10.17232/KSET.36.3.671