Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제41권2호
  • /
  • Pages.193-207
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Flexural behaviour of Steel Timber Composite (STC) beams

  • Yang, Ruyuan (College of Art & Design, Nanjing Tech University) ;
  • Li, Haitao (College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University) ;
  • Lorenzo, Rodolfo (University College London) ;
  • Sun, Youfu (College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University) ;
  • Ashraf, Mahmud (School of Engineering, Deakin University)
  • 투고 : 2020.08.20
  • 심사 : 2021.09.17
  • 발행 : 2021.10.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Structural performance of a new type of lightweight steel-timber composite (STC) beam has been investigated by conducting four-point bending tests on 21 specimens. This paper presents key findings on its structural performance parameters such as failure modes, load-deflection response, load-slip response, load-strain response, and the ultimate bending capacity by grouping 21 specimens into 7 subgroups based on various geometric characteristics. In the proposed STC beams, glulam slabs were connected to the steel beams using high-strength bolts, and the effect of different thickness and width of glulam slabs on the structural behaviour of STC beams were carefully investigated. In addition, the effective bending stiffness, deflection, and bending capacity of the STC beams were theoretically calculated based on elastic theory and compared with experimental values. For all considered specimens, timber slabs and steel beams showed good composite action. Increasing the thickness and width of the timber slabs can effectively limit the lateral deformation of the specimens, improve the bending capacity of the specimens, and provides a secant stiffness to the STC beams. It was observed that for the whole cross section of STC beams, the plane section assumption is not applicable, but the strains on timber and steel seemed to satisfy the plane section assumption individually. γ (Gamma) method has been observed to better reflect the deformation capacity of STC beams. Analytical equations were derived to predict the elastic bending capacity of STC beams, and comparison between theoretical and experimental values showed good agreement.

키워드

과제정보

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51878354 & 51308301), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20181402 & BK20130978), a Project Funded by the National First-class Disciplines (PNFD), a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and a Project Funded by the Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University (Nanjing, 210037, China). Any research results expressed in this paper are those of the writer(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the foundations. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

참고문헌

  1. ANSI A190.1 (2012), Standard for wood products-Structural glued laminated timber, American Society for Testing and Materials International; USA.
  2. Ashraf, M., Hasan, M.G. and Al-Deen, S. (2021), "Semi-rigid behaviour of stainless steel beam-to-column bolted connections", Sustain. Struct., 1(1), 000002. https://doi.org/10.54113/j.sust.2021.000002.
  3. ASTM A370-16 (2016), Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, American Society for Testing and Materials International; USA.
  4. ASTM D143-14 (2014), Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber, American Society for Testing and Materials International; USA.
  5. ASTM D198 (2015), Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes, American Society for Testing and Materials International; USA.
  6. Ceccotti, A. (2002), "Composite concrete-timber structures", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(3), 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.126.
  7. Chen, A.G., Li, D.H., Fang, C., Zheng, Q.G. and Xing, J.H. (2016), "Experimental study on flexural behavior of H-shaped steel-wood composite beams", J. Build. Struct., 37(1), 261-267 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2016.S1.037.
  8. Chen, S.M., Limazie, T. and Tan, J.Y. (2015), "Flexural behavior of shallow cellular composite floor beams with innovative shear connections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 106, 329-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.12.021.
  9. Corbi, O., Baratta, A., Corbi, I., Tropeano, F., Liccardo, E. (2021), "Design issues for smart seismic isolation of structures: Past and recent research", Sustain. Struct., 1(1), 000001. https://doi.org/10.54113/j.sust.2021.000001.
  10. Dankova, J., Mec, P. and Safrata, J. (2019), "Experimental investigation and performance of timber-concrete composite floor structure with non-metallic connection system", Eng. Struct., 193, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.004.
  11. Dauletbek, A., Li H.T., Xiong, Z.H. and Lorenzo, R. (2021), "A review of mechanical behavior of structural laminated bamboo lumber", Sustain. Struct., 1(1), 000004. https://doi.org/10.54113/j.sust.2021.000004.
  12. Deam, B.L., Fragiacomo, M. and Buchanan, A.H. (2008), "Connections for composite concrete slab and LVL flooring systems", Mater. Struct., 41(3), 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9261-x.
  13. EN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5 (2004), Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for buildings, European committee for standardization; Brussels, Belgium.
  14. GB/T 50005 (2017), Code for design of timber structures, China Building Industry Press, Beijing, China.
  15. GB/T 50011 (2016), Code for seismic design of buildings. China Building Industry Press; Beijing, China.
  16. GB/T 50017 (2017), Code for design of steel structure. China Building Industry Press; Beijing, China.
  17. Ghannadpour, S.A.M. and Kurkaani, A. (2019), "Combined effects of end-shortening strain, lateral pressure load and initial imperfection on ultimate strength of laminates: nonlinear plate theory", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(2), 245-259. https://doiorg/10.12989/scs.2019.33.2.245.
  18. Hassanieh, A., Valipour, H.R. and Bradford, M.A. (2016a), "Experimental and numerical study of steel-timber composite (STC) beams", J. Constr. Steel Res., 122, 367-378. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.005.
  19. Hassanieh, A., Valipour, H.R. and Bradford, M.A. (2016b), "Experimental and analytical behaviour of steel-timber composite connections", Constr. Build. Mater., 118, 63-75. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.052.
  20. Hassanieh, A., Valipour, H.R. and Bradford, M.A. (2017), "Experimental and numerical investigation of short-term behaviour of CLT-steel composite beams", Eng. Struct., 144, 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.052.
  21. Jorge, L.F.C., Lopes, S.M.R. and Cruz, H.M.P. (2011), "Interlayer influence on timber-LWAC composite structures with screw connections", J. Struct. Eng., 137, 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000299.
  22. Khorsandnia, N., Valipour, H.R. and Crews, K. (2012), "Experimental and analytical investigation of short-term behaviour of LVL-concrete composite connections and beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.022.
  23. Kimani, S.K. and Kaewunruen, S. (2017), "Free vibrations of precast modular steel-concrete composite railway track slabs, Steel Compos. Struct., 24(1), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.1.113.
  24. Lam, F. and Oh, J.K. (2018), "Performance of Canadian glulam columns with new laminae E requirements", Eng. Struct., 172, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.119.
  25. Leborgne, M.R. and Gutkowski, R.M. (2010), "Effects of various admixtures and shear keys in wood-concrete composite beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 24(9), 1730-1738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.016.
  26. Li, X., Ashraf, M., Subhani, M., Kremer, P. and Ghabraie, K. (2020), "Experimental and numerical study on bending properties of heterogeneous lamella layups in cross laminated timber using Australian Radiata Pine", Constr. Build. Mater., 247, 118525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118525.
  27. Loss, C. and Davison, B. (2017), "Innovative composite steel-timber floors with prefabricated modular components", Eng. Struct., 132, 695-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.062.
  28. Loss, C., Piazza, M. and Zandonini, R. (2014), Experimental Tests of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors to be used in Timber-Steel Hybrid Structures, World Conference on Timber Engineering, Quebec City, Canada.
  29. Naud, N., Sorelli, L., Salenikovich, A. and Cuerrier-Auclair, S. (2019), "Fostering GLULAM UHPFRC composite structures for multi-storey buildings", Eng. Struct., 188, 406-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.049.
  30. Nie, J.G. and Cai, C.S. (2003), "Steel-concrete composite beams considering shear slip effects", J. Struct. Eng., 129(4), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(495).
  31. Nie, J.G., Fan, J.S. and Cai, C.S. (2004), "Stiffness and deflection of steel-concrete composite beams under negative bending", J. Struct. Eng., 130(11), 1842-1851. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:11(1842).
  32. Nouri, F., Valipour, H.R. and Bradford, M.A. (2019), "Finite element modelling of steel-timber composite beam-to-column joints with nominally pinned connections", Eng. Struct., 201, 109854. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109854.
  33. Nouri, F., Valipour, H.R. and Braford, M.A. (2019), "Structural behaviour of steel-timber composite (STC) beam-to-column connections with double angle web cleats subjected to hogging bending moment", Eng. Struct., 192, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.092.
  34. Si, H., Shen, D.M., Xia J.H. and Tahoumeh, V. (2020), "Vibration behavior of functionally graded sandwich beam with porous core and nanocomposite layers", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.1.001.
  35. Su, J.W., Li, H.T., Xiong, Z.H. and Lorenzo, R. (2021), "Structural design and construction of an office building with laminated bamboo lumber", Sustain. Struct., 1(2), 000010.
  36. Tounsi, A., Bouhadra, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2017) "A new and simple HSDT for thermal stability analysis of FG sandwich plates", Steel Compos. Struct., 25(2), 157-175. https://doiorg/10.12989/scs.2017.25.2.157.
  37. Wang, J.Q., Lu, Z.T. and Liu, Z. (2005), "Consistency factor method for calculating deformation of composite steel-concrete girders with partial shear connection", J. Southeast Univ. (Natural Science Edition), 35(1), 5-10 (in Chinese).
  38. Xu, B.H., Bouchair, A. and Racher, P. (2015), "Mechanical behavior and modeling of dowelled steel-to-timber moment-resisting connections", J. Struct. Eng., 141(6), 04014165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001119.
  39. Yang, R.Y., Li, H.T., Lorenzo, R., Ashraf, M., Sun, Y.F. and Yuan, Q. (2020), "Mechanical behaviour of steel timber composite shear connections", Constr. Build. Mater., 258, 119605. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119605.
  40. Yeoh, D., Fragiacomo, M., Franceschi, M.D. and Boon, K.H. (2011), "State of the art on timber-concrete composite structures: literature review", J. Struct. Eng., 137(10), 1085-1095. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000353.
  41. Zhao, W., Yu, Y. and Xie, Q.S. (2019), "Nonuniform interface failure of steel-concrete composite structures bonded using epoxy resin mortar", Eng. Struct., 184, 447-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.109.
  42. Zhou, Y.H., Huang, Y.J., Sayed, U. and Wang, Z. (2021), "Research on dynamic characteristics test of wooden floor structure for gymnasium", Sustain. Struct., 1(1), 000005. https://doi.org/10.54113/j.sust.2021.000005.