Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science

  • 제8권3호
  • /
  • Pages.199-211
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2287-528X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-5271(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Perspectives of hydrogen aviation

  • 투고 : 2018.07.31
  • 심사 : 2019.01.03
  • 발행 : 2021.05.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The perspective of hydrogen (H2) aviation is discussed. While production of carbon dioxide (CO2) free renewable H2 is progressing towards costs comparable to those of today's steam reforming of methane, at about 1-1.5 $ per kg H2, the development of specific aviation infrastructure, as well as aircraft, is still in its infancy. Over the 21 years of this century, the most important manufacturers have only proposed preliminary studies, artist impressions more than detailed engineering studies. The major technical challenge is the fueling and safe and efficient storage of the H2, requiring a complete redesign of infrastructure and aircraft. From a political perspective, negative is the speculation on the global warming potential of contrails, and the covid19 pandemic which has largely disrupted the aviation sector, with the future of mass transport at risk of drastic downsizing. Especially the "great reset" agenda, limiting mass transport also for other goals than the simple control of viral spreading during the pandemic, may harm the deployment of H2 aviation, as elite aviation does not motivate huge investments in the use of a non-exhaustible fuel such as renewable H2, leaving favored alternatives such as hydrocarbon jet fuels, and in the longer term electric aviation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adams, J. (2020), Cold and Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen Storage R&D and Applications: Topic Introduction. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2020/08/f77/hfto-webinar-cryogenic-h2-july2020.pdf.
  2. Ahluwalia, R.K., Hua, T.Q., Peng, J.K., Lasher, S., McKenney, K., Sinha, J. and Gardiner, M. (2010), "Technical assessment of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage tank systems for automotive applications", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35(9), 4171-4184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.074.
  3. Ahluwalia, R.K., Peng, J.K. and Hua, T.Q. (2016), Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen Storage, in Compendium of Hydrogen Energy (pp. 119-145), Woodhead Publishing.
  4. Air BP, (2000), Handbook of Products.
  5. Airbus (2020a), Hydrogen in aviation: How close is it? https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/stories/hydrogen-aviation-understanding-challenges-to-widespreadadoption.
  6. Airbus (2020b), Airbus reveals new zero-emission concept aircraft. https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/09/airbus-reveals-new-zeroemission-conceptaircraft.html.
  7. Airbus (2020c), These pods could provide a blueprint for future hydrogen aircraft. https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/stories/hydrogen-pod-configuration.html.
  8. Bernhardt, J. and Carleton, A.M. (2015), "The impacts of long-lived jet contrail 'outbreaks' on surface station diurnal temperature range", Int. J. Climatology, 35(15), 4529-4538. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4303.
  9. Boretti, A. (2017), "The future of the internal combustion engine after diesel-gate", SAE technical paper 2017-28-1933, SAE International, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  10. Boretti, A. (2019a), "Advantages and disadvantages of diesel single and dual-fuel engines", Front. Mech. Eng., 5, 64. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2019.00064.
  11. Boretti, A. (2019b), "Electric vehicles with small batteries and high-efficiency on-board electricity production", Energy Storage, 1(4), e75. https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.75, accessed May 13, 2021.
  12. Boretti, A. (2021a), "Contribution of jet contrails to regional changes in surface temperature", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 46(73), 36610-36618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.173.
  13. Boretti, A. (2021b), "Does an offset in the airlines' emission of CO2 make any difference?", Int. J. Global Warming.
  14. Brunner, C. (2011), Cryo-compressed Hydrogen Storage. https://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/compressed_hydrogen2011_7_brunner.pdf, accessed May 13, 2021.
  15. Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking, Fuel Cell & Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (2020), Hydrogen-powered aviation. https://www.euractiv.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/20200507_Hydrogen-Powered-Aviationreport_FINAL-web-ID-8706035.pdf, accessed May 13, 2021.
  16. Kalkstein, A.J. and Balling Jr, R.C. (2004), "Impact of unusually clear weather on United States daily temperature range following 9/11/2001", Clim. Res., 26(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr026001
  17. Lee, S.W., Lee, H.S., Park, Y.J. and Cho, Y.S. (2011), "Combustion and emission characteristics of HCNG in a constant volume chamber", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 25(2), 489-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-010-1231-5.
  18. Moreno-Blanco, J., Petitpas, G., Espinosa-Loza, F., Elizalde-Blancas, F., Martinez-Frias, J. and Aceves, S.M. (2019), "The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44(31), 16841-16851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189.
  19. Moreno-Blanco, J., Camacho, G., Valladares, F. and Aceves, S.M. (2020), "The cold high-pressure approach to hydrogen delivery", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 45(51), 27369-27380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.030.
  20. Moreno-Blanco, J., Petitpas, G., Espinosa-Loza, F., Elizalde-Blancas, F., Martinez-Frias, J. and Aceves, S.M. (2019), "The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44(31), 16841-16851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189.
  21. NIST (n.d.), Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems. https://doi.orgwebbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid.
  22. Petitpas, G., Moreno-Blanco, J., Espinosa-Loza, F. and Aceves, S.M. (2018), "Rapid high density cryogenic pressure vessel filling to 345 bar with a liquid hydrogen pump", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43(42), 19547-19558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.139.
  23. Petitpas, G. and Aceves, S.M. (2018), "Liquid hydrogen pump performance and durability testing through repeated cryogenic vessel filling to 700 bar", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43(39), 18403-18420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.097.
  24. Scholz, D. (2020), "Design of hydrogen passenger aircraft: How much 'zero-emission' is possible?", Proceedings of the Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series 2020.
  25. Science News (2015), "Jet contrails affect surface temperatures", https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150618122236.htm.
  26. Spencer, R. (2021), Global Ocean Temperatures are Warming at Only ~50% the Rate of Climate Model Projections. https://www.drroyspencer.com/, accessed May 13, 2021.
  27. Stetson, N. (2015), Cold/Cryogenic Composites for Hydrogen Storage Applications in FCEVs. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/11/f27/fcto_cold_cryo_h2_storage_wkshp_1_doe.pdf.
  28. Szondy, D. (2019), NASA Backs Development of Cryogenic Hydrogen System to Power All-Electric Aircraft. https://newatlas.com/nasa-cheeta-funding-aircraft-fuel-cell/59725.
  29. Travis, D.J., Carleton, A.M. and Lauritsen, R.G. (2002), "Contrails reduce daily temperature range", Nature, 418(6898), 601. https://doi.org/10.1038/418601a.
  30. Travis, D.J., Carleton, A.M., and Lauritsen, R.G. (2004), "Regional variations in US diurnal temperature range for the 11-14 September 2001 aircraft groundings: Evidence of jet contrail influence on climate", J. Clim., 17(5), 1123-1134. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017%3C1123:RVIUDT%3E2.0.CO;2.
  31. Westenberger, A. (2003a), "Liquid hydrogen fuelled aircraft-system analysis", Report No. GRD1-1999-10014, CRYOPLANE, The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium,
  32. Westenberger, A. (2003b), "Cryoplane-hydrogen aircraft", Proceedings of the H2 Expo, Hamburg, Germany, October.
  33. Westenberger, A. (2008), "H2 technology for commercial aircraft", Advances on Propulsion Technology for High-Speed Aircraft (pp. 14bis-1 - 14bis-14). Educational Notes RTO-EN-AVT-150, Paper 14bis. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: RTO.