Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Yaw effects on train aerodynamics on a double-track viaduct: A wind tunnel study

  • Li, Wenhui (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Liu, Tanghong (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Martinez-Vazquez, Pedro (School of Engineering, University of Birmingham) ;
  • Chen, Zhengwei (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Huo, Xiaoshuai (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Guo, Zijian (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Xia, Yutao (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University)
  • Received : 2021.04.14
  • Accepted : 2021.08.27
  • Published : 2021.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aerodynamic performance of a scaled high-speed train model mounted on a double-track viaduct was studied through a wind tunnel test. The pressure distribution of different loops and the centerline on the streamlined nose region, as well as the aerodynamic load coefficients of the leading car were explored under yaw effects ranging from β=-30° to β=30°. Results showed that Reynolds effects became independent when the wind speed surpassed 40 m/s, the corresponding Re of which equals 6.51 × 105. The pressures recorded along the centerline of train nose for the upstream scenario, was more sensitive to the yaw effects as the largest pressure difference gradually broadened against yaw angles. In addition, the pressure coefficients along the centerline and symmetrical taps of the loops, approximately fit a quadratic relationship with respect to yaw angles. The presence of the tracks and viaduct decks somehow mitigated the intensity of the airflow at downstream side. The experimental test also revealed that, the upstream configuration provided higher mean side force, yawing, and rolling moments up to β=20° whereas over that angle the force and moments exhibited the opposite performance.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge the experimental supports provided by the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Centre (CARDC). The authors are indebted to Zhixiang Huang and Li Chen for their invaluable and substantive counsel during the tests. This work was supported by the National Railway Administration of China (Grant No. 18T043), the National Railway Administration of China (Grant No. 2018Z035), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (Grant No. 2021zzts0170 and No. 2021zzts0163).

References

  1. Baker, C.J. (2010), "The simulation of unsteady aerodynamic cross wind forces on trains", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98(2), 88-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.09.006.
  2. Baker, C.J. (2013). "A framework for the consideration of the effects of crosswinds on trains", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 123, 130-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.09.015.
  3. Baker, C.J. and Brockie, N.J. (1991). "Wind tunnel tests to obtain train aerodynamic drag coefficients: Reynolds number and ground simulation effects", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 38(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(91)90024-Q.
  4. Baker, C.J., Jones, J., Lopez-Calleja, F. and Munday, J. (2004), "Measurements of the cross wind forces on trains", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92(7-8), 547-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.002.
  5. Bocciolone, M., Cheli, F., Corradi, R., Muggiasca, S. and Tomasini, G. (2008), "Crosswind action on rail vehicles: wind tunnel experimental analyses", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(5), 584-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.030.
  6. CEN European Standard (2003), Railway Applications-Aerodynamics. Part 1: Symbols and units. CEN EN 4-5, 14067-1.
  7. CEN European Standard (2010), Railway Applications-Aerodynamics. Part 6: Requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment. CEN EN 18-35, 14067-6.
  8. Cheli, F., Giappino, S., Rosa, L., Tomasini, G. and Villani, M. (2013), "Experimental study on the aerodynamic forces on railway vehicles in presence of turbulence", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 123, 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.09.013.
  9. Cheli, F., Ripamonti, F., Rocchi, D. and Tomasini, G. (2010), "Aerodynamic behavior investigation of the new EMUV250 train to cross wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98(4-5), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.10.015.
  10. Chen, J.W., Gao, G.J. and Zhu, C.L. (2016), "Detached-eddy simulation of flow around high-speed train on a bridge under cross winds", J. Central South Univ., 23(10), 2735-2746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3335-2
  11. Chiu, T.W. and Squire, L.C. (1992), "An experimental study of the flow over a train in a crosswind at large yaw angles up to 90", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 45(1), 47-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90005-U.
  12. Diedrichs, B. (2010), "Aerodynamic crosswind stability of a regional train model", Proc. Institu. Mech. Eng., Part F: J. Rail Rapid Transit, 224(6), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544097JRRT346
  13. Diedrichs, B., Sima, M., Orellano, A. and Tengstrand, H. (2007), "Crosswind stability of a high-speed train on a high embankment", Proc. Institut. Mech. Eng., Part F: J. Rail Rapid Transit., 221(2), 205-225. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954409JRRT126
  14. Gu, H., Liu, T., Jiang, Z. and Guo, Z. (2020), "Research on the wind-sheltering performance of different forms of corrugated wind barriers on railway bridges", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 201, 104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104166.
  15. Guo, D., Shang, K., Zhang, Y., Yang, G. and Sun, Z. (2016), "Influences of affiliated components and train length on the train wind", Acta Mech. Sinica., 32(2), 191-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-015-0553-z
  16. Guo, Z., Liu, T., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Monzer, A. and Sheridan, J. (2020), "Study of the flow around railway embankment of different heights with and without trains", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 202, 104203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104203.
  17. He, X. H., Shi, K. and Wu, T. (2020b), "An efficient analysis framework for high-speed train-bridge coupled vibration under non-stationary winds", Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 16(9), 1326-1346. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1704800.
  18. He, X. H., Zou, Y.F., Wang, H.F., Han, Y. and Shi, K. (2014), "Aerodynamic characteristics of a trailing rail vehicles on viaduct based on still wind tunnel experiments", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 135, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.10.004.
  19. He, X., Gai, Y. and Wu, T. (2018), "Simulation of train-bridge interaction under wind loads: a rigid-flexible coupling approach", Int. J. Rail Transport., 6(3), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2017.1415170.
  20. He, X., Li, H., Hu, L., Wang, H. and Kareem, A. (2020a), "Crosswind aerodynamic characteristics of a stationary interior railway carriage through a long-span truss-girder bridge", Eng. Struct., 110350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110350.
  21. He, X., Shi, K., Wu, T., Zou, Y., Wang, H. and Qin, H. (2016), "Aerodynamic performance of a novel wind barrier for trainbridge system", Wind Struct., 23(3), 171-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.23.3.171.
  22. He, X., Zhou, L., Chen, Z., Jing, H., Zou, Y. and Wu, T. (2019), "Effect of wind barriers on the flow field and aerodynamic forces of a train-bridge system", Proc. Institut. Mech. Eng., Part F: J. Rail Rapid Transit, 233(3), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409718793220
  23. Hemida, H. and Krajnovic, S. (2010), "LES study of the influence of the nose shape and yaw angles on flow structures around trains", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98(1), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.08.012.
  24. Kwon, H.B., Park, Y.W., Lee, D.H. and Kim, M.S. (2001), "Wind tunnel experiments on Korean high-speed trains using various ground simulation techniques", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 89(13), 1179-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00107-6.
  25. Li, H. and He, X. (2020), "Lateral aerodynamic interference between an interior train and a flat box bridge-deck", Experiment. Thermal Fluid Sci., 110115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110115.
  26. Li, H., He, X., Wang, H. and Kareem, A. (2019), "Aerodynamics of a scale model of a high-speed train on a streamlined deck in cross winds", J. Fluids Struct., 91, 102717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.102717.
  27. Li, X., Zhou, D., Jia, L. and Yang, M. (2018b), "Effects of yaw angle on the unsteady aerodynamic performance of the pantograph of a high-speed train under crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 182, 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.09.009.
  28. Li, X.Z., Wang, M., Xiao, J., Zou, Q.Y. and Liu, D.J. (2018a), "Experimental study on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train on a truss bridge: A moving model test", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 179, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.05.012.
  29. Li, Y., Qiang, S., Liao, H. and Xu, Y.L. (2005), "Dynamics of wind-rail vehicle-bridge systems", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(6), 483-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.04.001.
  30. Mohebbi, M. and Rezvani, M.A. (2019), "Analysis of the effects of lateral wind on a high-speed train on a double routed railway track with porous shelters", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 184, 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.11.011.
  31. Niu, J., Liang, X. and Zhou, D. (2016), "Experimental study on the effect of Reynolds number on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with and without yaw angle", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 157, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.08.007.
  32. Noguchi, Y., Suzuki, M., Baker, C. and Nakade, K. (2019), "Numerical and experimental study on the aerodynamic force coefficients of railway vehicles on an embankment in crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 184, 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.11.019.
  33. Ogueta-Gutierrez, M., Franchini, S. and Alonso, G. (2014), "Effects of bird protection barriers on the aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviour of high speed train bridges", Eng. Struct., 81, 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.035.
  34. Peters, J.L. (1993), "Effect of Reynolds number on the aerodynamic forces on a container model", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 49(1-3), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90037-O.
  35. Suzuki, M., Tanemoto, K. and Maeda, T. (2003), "Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00346-X.
  36. Wang, M., Li, X.Z., Xiao, J., Zou, Q.Y. and Sha, H.Q. (2018b), "An experimental analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train on a bridge under crosswinds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 177, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.03.021.
  37. Wang, Y., Xia, H., Guo, W., Zhang, N. and Wang, S. (2018a), "Numerical analysis of wind field induced by moving train on HSR bridge subjected to crosswind", Wind Struct., 27(1), 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.1.029.
  38. Xia, H., Guo, W.W., Zhang, N. and Sun, G.J. (2008), "Dynamic analysis of a train-bridge system under wind action", Comput. Struct., 86(19-20), 1845-1855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2008.04.007.
  39. Xiong, X.H., Yang, B., Wang, K. W., Liu, T.H., He, Z. and Zhu, L. (2020), "Full-scale experiment of transient aerodynamic pressures acting on a bridge noise barrier induced by the passage of high-speed trains operating at 380-420 km/h", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 204, 104298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104298.
  40. Xu, Y.L., Zhang, N. and Xia, H. (2004), "Vibration of coupled train and cable-stayed bridge systems in cross winds", Eng. Struct., 26(10), 1389-1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.05.005.
  41. Yao, S., Guo, D., Sun, Z. and Yang, G. (2015), "A modified multi-objective sorting particle swarm optimization and its application to the design of the nose shape of a high-speed train", Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech., 9(1), 513-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2015.1061557.
  42. Yao, Z., Zhang, N., Chen, X., Zhang, C., Xia, H. and Li, X. (2020), "The effect of moving train on the aerodynamic performances of train-bridge system with a crosswind", Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech., 14(1), 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2019.1704886.
  43. Zhang, L., Yang, M.Z. and Liang, X.F. (2018), "Experimental study on the effect of wind angles on pressure distribution of train streamlined zone and train aerodynamic forces", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 174, 330-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.01.024.
  44. Zhang, T., Guo, W.W. and Du, F. (2017), "Effect of windproof barrier on aerodynamic performance of vehicle-bridge system", Procedia Eng., 199, 3083-3090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.426.