Journal of IKEEE (전기전자학회논문지)

Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Engineers (한국전기전자학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design and Verification Standard for Safety and Cybersecurity of Autonomous Cars: ISO/TR 4804

자율주행자동차의 안전 및 보안을 위한 설계 및 검증 표준: ISO/TR 4804

  • Received : 2021.09.21
  • Accepted : 2021.09.27
  • Published : 2021.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper describes ISO/TR 4804, an international standard to describe how to design and verify autonomous cars to ensure safety and cybersecurity. Goals of ISO/TR 4804 are (1) positive risk balance and (2) avoidance of unreasonable risk. It also 12 principles of safety and cybersecurity to achieve these goals. In the design procedures, it describes (1) 13 capabilities to achieve these safety and cybersecurity principles, (2) hardware and software elements to achieve these capabilities, and (3) a generic logical architecture to combine these elements. In the verification procedures, it describes (1) 5 challenges to ensure safety and cybersecurity, (2) test goals, platforms, and solutions to achieve these challenges, (3) simulation and field operation methods, and (4) verification methods for hardware and software elements. Especially, it regards deep neural network as a software component and it describe design and verification methods of autonomous cars.

본 논문에서는 자율주행자동차의 안전성 및 보안성을 보장하기 위해서 설계하고 검증하는 방법을 규정한 국제 표준인 ISO/TR 4804에 대해 다룬다. ISO/TR 4804는 자율주행자동차가 (1) 인간 운전자보다 훨씬 더 안전하고 (2) 타당하지 않은 위험이 없도록 하는 것을 목표로 하며, 이를 위해 12개의 안전성 및 보안성 원칙을 제시한다. 설계 과정에서는 (1) 안전성 및 보안성 원칙을 달성하는데 필요한 13개의 역량, (2) 이 역량을 수행하기 위해 필요한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 요소, (3) 이 요소를 결합한 논리적, 일반적인 아키텍쳐 등을 규정한다. 검증 과정에서는 (1) 안전성 및 보안성을 검증하기 위한 5개의 과업, (2) 이 과업을 완수하기 위한 테스트 목표, 플랫폼, 솔루션, (3) 시뮬레이션 방법 및 필드 운영 방법, (4) 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 요소의 검증 방법 등을 규정한다. 특히 심층 신경망을 하나의 소프트웨어 요소로 간주하고, 심층 신경망이 적용된 자율주행자동차를 설계하고 검증하는 방법을 규정한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE). (P0017011, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation) This work was also supported by Industrial Technology Challenge Track (20012624) of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) / Korea Evaluation Instutite of Industrial Technology (KEIT).

References

  1. S. Ihm and S. Lee, "A Study on the Liability for Damages and the Burden of Proof Relating the Autonomous Car," Yonsei Law Review, vol.30, no.3, pp.309-332, 2020. DOI: 10.21717/ylr.30.3.10
  2. S. Lee, "ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS 21448 as Exemption Clauses of Product Liability," j.inst. Korean.electr.electron.eng., vol.23, no.1, pp.346-349, 2019. DOI: 10.7471/ikeee.2019.23.1.346
  3. ISO 26262-1:2018, "Road vehicles - Functional safety - Part 1: Vocabulary," https://www.iso.org/standard/68383.html
  4. ISO/PAS 21448:2019, "Road vehicles - Safety of the intended functionality," https://www.iso.org/standard/70939.html
  5. ISO/SAE 21434:2021, "Road vehicles - Cyber security engineering," https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html
  6. UL 4600, "Standard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Products," https:// ul.org/UL4600
  7. ISO/TR 4804:2020, "Road vehicles - Safety and cybersecurity for automated driving systems - Design, verification, and validation," https://www.iso.org/standard/80363.html
  8. Aptiv et al., "Safety first for automated driving," https://www.aptiv.com/docs/default-source/white-papers/safety-first-for-automated-driving-aptiv-white-paper.pdf
  9. SAE J3016_201806, "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_201806