Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Analyzing the Occurrence Trend of Sediment-Related Disasters and Post-Disaster Recovery Cases in Mountain Regions in N orth Korea Based on a Literature Review and Satellite Image Observations

문헌 및 위성영상에 기초한 북한의 산지토사재해 발생경향 및 복구사례 분석

  • Kim, Kidae (Department of Forestry and Environmental System, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kang, Minjeng (Division of Research and Survey, Korean Association of Soil and Water Conservation) ;
  • Kim, Suk Woo (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 김기대 (강원대학교 산림환경시스템학과) ;
  • 강민정 (사방협회 연구조사처) ;
  • 김석우 (강원대학교 산림과학부)
  • Received : 2021.06.02
  • Accepted : 2021.07.28
  • Published : 2021.09.30
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Abstract

This study investigated spatiotemporal trends of sediment-related disasters in North Korea from 1960 to 2019 and post-disaster recovery cases based on a literature review and satellite images. Results showed that occurrence status of sediment-related disasters was initially externally reported in 1995 (during the Kim Jongil era); their main triggering factor was heavy summer rainfall. Furthermore, forest degradation rate was positively correlated with population density (R2 = 0.4347, p = 0.02) and occurrence number of sediment-related disasters was relatively high on the west coast region, where both variables showed high values. This indicates that human activity was a major cause of forest degradation and thus, significantly affected sediment-related disasters in mountain regions. Finally, sediment- related disasters due to shallow landslides, debris flow, and slow-moving landslides were observed in undisturbed forest regions and human-impacted forest regions, including terraced fields, opencast mines, forest roads, and post-wildfire areas, via satellite image analysis. These disaster-hit areas remained mostly abandoned without any recovery works, whereas hillside erosion control work (e.g., treeplanting with terracing) or torrent erosion control work (e.g., check dam, debris flow guide bank) were implemented in certain areas. These findings can provide reference information to expand inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in forest rehabilitation and erosion control works of North Korea.

이 연구는 1960년부터 2019년까지 북한에서 발생한 산지토사재해의 시공간적 발생경향과 일부 발생 및 복구 사례를 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 북한의 산지토사재해 발생이력은 1995년(김정일 집권시기)부터 대외적으로 보고되기 시작하였고, 여름철 호우가 주된 유발요인으로 나타났다. 산림황폐율은 인구밀도와 밀접한 관련성(R2 = 0.4347, p = 0.02)을 보이며, 산림황폐율이 높은 서해안에서 산지토사재해 발생 보고건수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인위적 산림훼손이 산림황폐화의 주된 원인이며, 나아가 산지토사재해 발생에도 현저한 영향을 끼쳤음을 시사한다. 위성영상을 통해 표층붕괴, 토석류 및 땅밀림 발생이 확인되었으며, 이러한 산지토사재해는 일반산지뿐만 아니라 다락밭, 채석장, 임도, 산불피해지 등 산림훼손지에서도 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 피해지역은 복구사업의 시행 없이 존치되었지만, 일부 지역에서 산복 녹화공 등의 산지사방사업 또는 사방댐, 유도둑 등의 야계사방사업을 시행한 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 산림복구 및 사방사업 분야의 남북 교류협력 확대에 필요한 기초정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 산림청(한국임업진흥원) "산림과학기술 연구 개발사업(2021342B10-2123-CD01)"의 지원으로 수행되었으며, 산림청 "남북산림협력 연구논문 공모전"의 일부 연구결과를 수정·보완하여 발전시킨 논문입니다.

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