DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Compression behavior of cement-treated marine dredged clay in Dalian Bay

  • Ding, Jianwen (Department of Underground Engineering, Southeast University) ;
  • Wan, Xing (Department of Underground Engineering, Southeast University) ;
  • Wang, Jianhua (Department of Underground Engineering, Southeast University) ;
  • Mou, Cong (Department of Underground Engineering, Southeast University) ;
  • Gao, Mengying (Department of Underground Engineering, Southeast University)
  • 투고 : 2021.03.11
  • 심사 : 2021.08.04
  • 발행 : 2021.08.25

초록

There exists large volume of marine dredged clay generated worldwide to potentially compromise to ocean environment. Efficient resource utilization of dredged clay is crucial to sustainable development of offshore works. In this study, cement-treated marine dredged clay is suggested as filling materials for the construction of artificial islands in Dalian Bay, China. To evaluate influence of cement addition on compressibility, a series of oedometer tests were performed on reconstituted and cement-treated dredged clay. The effects of initial water content, cement content and curing time were examined. In addition, the pore fluid salinity effect on reconstituted and cemented dredged clay was explored by desalination treatment, respectively. The testing results show that the vertical yield stress of cemented dredged clay is governed by initial water content while the compressibility in post-yield state is determined by cement content. The influence of curing time is more significant for the specimens with higher initial water content. The compressibility of reconstituted dredged clay decreases when increasing salinity of pore fluid, but pore salt accelerates the degradation of artificial structure of cemented clay. Moreover, a practical predicting method was presented based on the experimental data. Both the pre-yield compression index Cs and post-yield compression index Cc are correlated with the yielding point. The proposed method enables to more quickly capture the compression curves of cement-treated dredged clay in practice.

키워드

과제정보

This study is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978159) and National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2015BAB07B06). The authors are grateful to Mr. Bobo Zhan for his hard work in the laboratory tests, which are essential to the successful completion of this manuscript.

참고문헌

  1. Ali, M., Aziz, M., Hamza, M. and Madni, M.F. (2020), "Engineering properties of expansive soil treated with polypropylene fibers", Geomech. Eng., 22(3), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.3.227.
  2. Ahsan, M.K., Barman, D.C., Shaikh, M. and Maqsood, Z. (2020), "Influence of salinity exposure on the mechanical properties of cement-treated sand", Geotech. Res., 7(3), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgere.20.00013.
  3. Arefnia, A., Dehghanbanadaki, A., Kassim, K.A. and Ahmad, K. (2020), "Stabilization of backfill using TDA material under a footing close to retaining wall", Geomech. Eng., 22(3), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.3.197.
  4. ASTM D2166-13 (2013), Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  5. ASTM D4542-15 (2015), Standard Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soil by Refractometer." American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  6. Bian, X., Wang, Z.F., Ding, G.Q. and Cao, Y.P. (2016), "Compressibility of cemented dredged clay at high water content with super-absorbent polymer", Eng. Geol., 208, 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.036.
  7. Burland, J.B. (1990), "On the compressibility and shear strength of natural soils", Geotechnique, 40(3), 329-378. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.329.
  8. Cevikbilen, G., Basar, H.M., Karadogan, U., Teymur, B., Dagli, S. and Tolun, L. (2020), "Assessment of the use of dredged marine materials in sanitary landfills: A case study from the Marmara sea", Waste Manage., 113, 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.044.
  9. Butterfield, R. (1979), "A natural compression law for soils", Geotechnique, 29(4), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.4.469.
  10. Ding, J.W., Feng, X.S., Xu, G.Z., Qian, S. and Ji, F. (2019a), "Strength properties and microstructural characteristics of stabilized dredged materials at high water contents", J. Test. Eval., 47(3), 2225-2239. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20180049.
  11. Ding, J.W., Shi, M.L., Liu, W.Z. and Wan, X. (2019b), "Failure of roadway subbase induced by overuse of phosphogypsum", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 33(2), 04019013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001278.
  12. Du, Y.J., Horpibulsuk, S., Wei, M.L., Suksiripattanapong, C. and Liu, M.D. (2014), "Modelling compression behavior of cementtreated zinc-contaminated clayed soils", Soils Found., 54(5), 1018-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.09.007.
  13. Geertsema, M. and Torrance, J.K. (2005), "Quick clay from the Mink Creek landslide near Terrace, British Columbia: Geotechnical properties, mineralogy, and geochemistry", Can. Geotech. J., 42(3), 907-918. https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-028.
  14. Hong, Z.S., Yin, J. and Cui, Y.J. (2010), "Compression behaviour of reconstituted soils at high initial water contents", Geotechnique, 60(9), 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.09.P.059.
  15. Horpibulsuk, S., Norihiko, M. and Nagaraj, T.S. (2005), "Claywater/cement ratio identity for cement admixed soft clays", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(2), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:2(187).
  16. Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., Suddeepong, A., Liu, M.D. and Du, Y.J. (2013), "Compressibility of lightweight cemented clays", Eng. Geol., 159, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.020.
  17. Huang, Y.H., Zhu, W., Qian, X.D., Zhang, N. and Zhou, X.Z. (2011), "Change of mechanical behavior between solidified and remolded solidified dredged materials", Eng. Geol., 119(3-4), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.005.
  18. Jongpradist, P., Youwai, S. and Jaturapitakkul, C. (2010), "Effective void ratio for assessing the mechanical properties of cement-clay admixtures at high water content", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 137(6), 621-627. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000462.
  19. Kamruzzaman, A.H., Chew, S.H. and Lee, F.H. (2009), "Structuration and destructuration behavior of cement-treated Singapore marine clay", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(4), 573-589. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:4(573).
  20. Kim, H.J., Won, M.S., Lee, J.B., Joo, J.H. and Jamin, J.C.(2015), "Comparative study on the behavior of soil fills on rigid acrylic and flexible geotextile containers", Geomech. Eng., 9(2), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.2.243.
  21. Liu, M.D. and Carter, J.P. (1999). "Virgin compression of structured soils", Geotechnique, 49(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1999.49.1.43.
  22. Mujtaba, H., Khalid, U., Farooq, K., Elahi, M., Rehman, Z. and Shahzad, H.M. (2020), "Sustainable utilization of powdered glass to improve the mechanical behavior of fat clay", KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 24(12), 3628-3639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0159-2.
  23. Mymrin, V., Scremim, C.B., Stella, J.C., Pan, R.C.Y., Avanci, M.A., Bosco, J.C. and Rolim, P. (2021), "Environmentally clean materials from contaminated marine dredged sludge, wood ashes and lime production wastes", J. Clean. Prod., 307, 127074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127074.
  24. Nagaraj, T.S., Pandian, N.S. and Narasimha R.P.S.R. (1994). "Stress-state-permeability relations for overconsolidated clays", Geotechnique, 44(2), 349-352. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.2.363
  25. Noorany, I. (1984), "Phase relations in marine soils", J. Geotech. Eng., 110(4), 539-543. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:4(539).
  26. Paul, A. and Hussain, M. (2020), "An experiential investigation on the compressibility behavior of cement-treated Indian peat", B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 79(3), 1471-1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01623-x.
  27. Sara, G., Stefania, L., Barbara, l. and Alessandro, F. (2020), "Effect of the pore fluid salinities on the behaviour of an electrokinetic treated soft clayey soil", Soils Found., 60(4), 898-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.06.003.
  28. Sasanian, S. and Newson, T.A. (2014), "Basic parameters governing the behaviour of cement-treated clays", Soils Found., 54(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.02.011.
  29. Shahriar, A.R. and Jadid, R. (2018), "An experimental investigation on the effect of thixotropic aging on primary and secondary compression of reconstituted dredged clays", Appl. Clay Sci., 162(15), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.05.023.
  30. Shi, X.S., Gao, Y.F., and Ding, J.W. (2021a), "Estimation of the compression behavior of sandy clay considering sand fraction effect based on equivalent void ratio concept", Eng. Geol., 280, 105930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105930.
  31. Shi, X. S., Liu, K. and Yin, J.H. (2021b), "Effect of initial density, particle shape, and confining stress on the critical state behavior of weathered gap-graded granular soils", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 147(2), 04020160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002449.
  32. Shi, X.S. and Zhao, J.D. (2020), "Practical estimation of compression behavior of clayey/silty sands using equivalent void ratio concept", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 146(6), 04020046. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002267.
  33. Slimanou, H., Eliche-Quesada, D., Kherbache, S., Bouzidi, N. and Tahakourt, A.K. (2020), "Harbor Dredged Sediment as raw material in fired clay brick production: Characterization and properties", J. Build. Eng., 28, 101085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101085.
  34. Song, M.M, Zeng, L.L. and Hong, Z.S. (2017), "Pore fluid salinity effects on physicochemical-compressive behaviour of reconstituted marine clays", Appl. Clay Sci., 146, 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.06.015.
  35. Vafaei, D., Hassanli, R., Ma, X., Duan, J.M. and Yan, Z.G. (2021), "Sorptivity and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete made with seawater and dredged sea-sand", Constr. Build. Mater., 270, 121436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121436.
  36. Wang, D. and Abriak, N.E. (2015), "Compressibility behavior of Dunkirk structured and reconstituted marine soils", Mar. Georesour. Geotec., 33(5), 419-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2014.950798.
  37. Xu, G.Z., Feng, Z.Y., Yin, J. Han W.X., Ahmed, S. and Miao, Y.H. (2020), "Effect of salinity on rheological behavior of cementtreated dredged clays as fills", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 32(9), 04020269. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003376.
  38. Yamashita, E., Cikmit, A.A., Tsuchida, T. and Hashimoto, R. (2020), "Strength estimation of cement-treated marine clay with wide ranges of sand and initial water contents", Soils Found., 60(5), 1065-1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.05.002.
  39. Ying, Z., Cui, Y.J. Duc, M., Benahmed, N., Bey, H.B. and Chen, B. (2021), "Salinity effect on the liquid limit of soils", Acta Geotech., 16(4), 1101-1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01092-7.
  40. Yoobanpot, N., Jamsawang, P., Krairan, K., Jongpradist, P. and Horpibulsuk, S. (2018), "Reuse of dredged sediments as pavement materials by cement kiln dust and lime treatment", Geomech. Eng., 15(4), 1005-1016. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.4.1005.
  41. Zhang, C.L., Zhu, W., Li, L. and Fan, G.J. (2007), "Field test of dike construction with solidified lake dredged material", China Harbour Eng., 147(1), 27-29. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-3688.2007.01.008.
  42. Zhang, D.W., Fan, L.B., Liu, S.Y. and Deng, Y.F. (2013), "Experimental investigation of unconfined compression strength and stiffness of cement treated salt-rich clay", Mar. Georesour. Geotec., 31(4), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2012.690826.
  43. Zeng, L.L., Hong, Z.S., Cai, Y.Q. and Han, J. (2011), "Change of hydraulic conductivity during compression of undisturbed and remolded clays", Appl. Clay Sci., 51(1), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.005.
  44. Zeng L.L., Hong Z.S. and Cui Y.J. (2015), "Determining the virgin compression lines of reconstituted clays at different initial water contents", Can. Geotech. J., 52(9), 1408-1415. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0172.
  45. Zeng L.L., Hong Z.S. and Cui Y.J. (2016), "Time-dependent compression behaviour of dredged clays at high water contents in China", Appl. Clay Sci., 123, 320-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.01.039.