Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Identification of shear layer at river confluence using (RGB) aerial imagery

RGB 항공 영상을 이용한 하천 합류부 전단층 추출법

  • Noh, Hyoseob (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Yong Sung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 노효섭 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 박용성 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2021.03.18
  • Accepted : 2021.06.02
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

River confluence is often characterized by shear layer and the associated strong mixing. In natural rivers, the main channel and its tributary can be separated by the shear layer using contrasting colors. The shear layer can be easily observed using aerial images from satellite or unmanned aerial vehicles. This study proposes a low-cost identification method extracting geographic features of the shear layer using RGB aerial image. The method consists of three stages. At first, in order to identify the shear layer, it performs image segmentation using a Gaussian mixture model and extracts the water bodies of the main channel and tributary. Next, the self-organizing map simplifies the flow line of the water bodies into the 1-dimensional curve grid. After that, the curvilinear coordinate transformation is performed using the water body pixels and the curve grid. As a result, the shear layer identification method was successfully applied to the confluence between Nakdong River and Nam River to extract geometric shear layer features (confluence angle, upstream- and downstream- channel widths, shear layer length, maximum shear layer thickness).

하천 합류부는 두 개의 수체가 만나 전단층을 이루고 전단층을 따라 강한 혼합양상을 보이는 특징이 있다. 자연하천에서 합류하는 대비되는 두 하천의 색은 전단층을 따라 구분될 수 있는데, 이는 위성 또는 무인항공체를 이용해 촬영된 항공영상을 통해 쉽게 관측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 취득 비용이 저렴한 RGB 항공 영상을 이용해 합류부에서 발생하는 전단층을 추출하고 전단층 주변의 기하학적 특성을 정량적으로 산정하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 방법은 네 단계로 구분된다. 첫 번째로, 합류부 흐름에서 전단층 추출을 위해 가우시안 혼합 모형을 바탕으로 한 영상 분할을 수행하여 본류와 지류가 포함된 픽셀을 추출해낸다. 다음으로 추출된 하천 수역에 자기조직화지도를 적용해 하천의유선을 1차원 곡선으로 단순화한다. 추출된 수체 영역과 1차원 곡선들을 이용해 본류와 지류의 수역을 이미지상 직교좌표계에서 곡선좌표계로 투영한 뒤, 마지막으로 전단층의 기하학적 특성을 산정한다. 결과적으로 개발된 전단층 추출법을 경상남도의 낙동강과 남강의 합류부가 촬영된 위성 영상에 적용하여 자연하천 합류부의 기하학적 특성인 합류각, 합류하는 두 하천의 상하류 하천 폭, 전단층의 길이, 그리고 전단층의 최대 두께를 각각 정량적으로 추출하는 데에 성공하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 과학기술정보통신부 및 국토교통부 "공공혁신 조달 연계 무인항공체 및 SW플랫폼 개발사업" (19DPIW-C153746-01)의 연구비 지원에 의해 수행되었으며 이에 감사드립니다.

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