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Application of multi-hybrid metaheuristic algorithm on prediction of split-tensile strength of shear connectors

  • Received : 2019.09.29
  • Accepted : 2019.12.20
  • Published : 2021.08.25
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Abstract

Shear connectors play a major role in the development of composite steel concrete systems. The behavior of shear connectors is usually calculated by push-out measurements. These experiments are expensive and take a lot of time. Soft Computation (SC) may be applied as an additional solution to remove the need for push-out testing. The objective of the research is to explore the implementation, as sub-branches of the SC approaches, of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the prediction of advanced C-shaped shear connectors. To this end, multiple push-out tests on these connectors will be carried out and the requisite data is obtained for the AI models. The Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm (GWO) is built to define the parameters that influence the shear strength of angle connectors. Two regression metrics as determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square (RMSE) were used to measure the results of model. Furthermore, only four parameters in the predictive models are sufficient to provide an extremely precise prediction. It was found that GWO is a faster method and is able to achieve marginally higher output indices than in experiments.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Natural Science Foundation granted by Department of Education, Anhui Province, China (No. KJ2018A0638, KJ2019A0917).

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  88. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604
  89. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSx11.004
  90. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008
  91. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039
  92. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, The Hague, The Netherlands, July.
  93. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012f), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008
  94. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050
  95. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036
  96. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017
  97. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8
  98. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102
  99. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM 2017.
  100. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S., Jalali, A., Abdullahi, M.a.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014
  101. Shariati, M., Azar, S. M., Arjomand, M.-A., Tehrani, H. S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019a), "Comparison of dynamic behavior of shallow foundations based on pile and geosynthetic materials in fine-grained clayey soils", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 19(6), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.473
  102. Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.-T. and Salih, M.N. (2019b), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569
  103. Shariati, M., Heyrati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., Safa, M., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019c), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 24(4), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553
  104. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019d), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural networkparticle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534
  105. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and PoiNgian, S. (2019e), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319
  106. Shariati, M., Rafiei, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Shariat, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N., Mehrabi, P. and PoiNgian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., Int. J., 8(3), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225
  107. Shariati, M., Trung, N.-T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019g), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427
  108. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.-A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020a), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087
  109. Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(3), 393-407. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393
  110. Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020c), "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct. Int. J., 36(5), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587
  111. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020d), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0
  112. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020e), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155
  113. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020f), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 25(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183
  114. Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020g), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377
  115. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2020h), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 267, 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886
  116. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020i), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237
  117. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020j), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 37, 2089-2109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x
  118. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225
  119. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essays, 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393
  120. Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2019), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 37(3), 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3
  121. Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Su, Z. and Chen, C. (2018), "Early monitoring of rebar corrosion evolution based on FBG sensor", Int. J. Struct. Stabil. Dyn., 18(8), 1840001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418400011
  122. Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Liang, T. and Zhao, Z. (2019), "The strain transfer mechanism of fiber bragg grating sensor for extra large strain monitoring", Sensors, 19(8), 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081851
  123. Sun, L., Yang, Z., Jin, Q. and Yan, W. (2020), "Effect of axial compression ratio on seismic behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete columns", Int. J. Struct. Stabil. Dyn., 20(6), 2040004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400040
  124. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 17(5), 623-639. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623
  125. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel- concrete composite beam", J. Intell. Manuf., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y
  126. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M.R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
  127. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 22(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433
  128. Toghroli, A., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Jahandari, S. and Rasekh, H. (2020), "Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate and pozzolanic additives in fiber-reinforced pervious concrete with industrial and recycled fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 252, 118997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118997
  129. Trung, N.-T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019a), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639
  130. Trung, N.T., Alemi, N., Haido, J.H., Shariati, M., Baradaran, S. and Yousif, S.T. (2019b), "Reduction of cement consumption by producing smart green concretes with natural zeolites", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 24(3), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.3.415
  131. Wei, X., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Pei, S., Jin, Z., Gharachurlu, S., Abdullahi, M.M., Tahir, M.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Distribution of shear force in perforated shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 27(3), 389-399. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.3.389
  132. Weijian, Y. and Xiaohuangcan, H. (2017), "Comparison of reliability provisions in Chinese and American codes on structural concrete design", Building Struct., p. 04.
  133. Xie, Q., Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Khorami, M., Mohamad, E.T. and Bui, D.T. (2019), "An experimental study on the effect of CFRP on behavior of reinforce concrete beam column connections", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 30(5), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.433
  134. Xu, J., Li, Y., Ren, C., Wang, S., Vanapalli, S.K. and Chen, G. (2021), "Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of saline intact loess", Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 181, 103183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103183
  135. Yazdani, M., Kabirifar, K., Frimpong, B.E., Shariati, M., Mirmozaffari, M. and Boskabadi, A. (2020), "Improving construction and demolition waste collection service in an urban area using a simheuristic approach: A case study in Sydney, Australia", J. Cleaner Product., 280, 124138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124138
  136. Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Marto, A., Wei, X., Karaca, Z., Dao, D., Toghroli, A., Hashemi, M.H., Sedghi, Y. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational investigation of the comparative analysis of cylindrical barns subjected to earthquake", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 28(4), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.439
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  141. Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019b), "Swing vibration control of suspended structure using active rotary inertia driver system: Parametric analysis and experimental verification", Appl. Sci., 9(15), 3144. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153144
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