DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Planting and Harvest Times on the Forage Yield and Quality of Spring and Summer Oats in Mountainous Areas of Southern Korea

남부산간지에서 봄과 여름 조사료 귀리의 파종과 수확 시기에 따른 조사료 품질과 생산성 변화

  • Shin, Seonghyu (Central Area Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Hyunjung (Jangsu-gun Agricultural Extension Service) ;
  • Ku, Jahwan (Central Area Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Myungryeong (Central Area Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Rha, Kyungyoon (Central Area Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Byeongju (Central Area Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 신성휴 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과) ;
  • 이현정 (장수군 농업기술센터) ;
  • 구자환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과) ;
  • 박명렬 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과) ;
  • 라경윤 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과) ;
  • 김병주 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물과)
  • Received : 2020.11.09
  • Accepted : 2021.03.26
  • Published : 2021.06.01

Abstract

Oats (Avena sativa L.) represent a good forage crop for cultivation in regions with short growing periods and/or cool weather, such as the mountainous areas of southern Korea. In this study, using the Korean elite summer oat varieties 'High speed' and 'Dark horse', we aimed to determine the optimal time to plant and harvest forage oats seeded in spring and summer in a mountainous area. Seeds were planted three times from late February and early August at 9- or 10-days intervals, respectively, and plants were harvested three times from late May to October at 10-day intervals. The experiment was carried out in an upland field (Jangsu-gun Jeonbuk) in 2015 and 2016. We investigated the changes in forage yield (FY) and quality [crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents] based on the time of planting and harvest. Neither the forage quality nor yield of either spring and summer oats was significantly influenced by the time of planting. The CP of spring oats harvested three times at 10-day intervals from late May was 12.0%, 8.2%, and 6.5%, thereby indicating a reduction with a delay in the time of harvest. In summer oats, CP ranged from 8.4% to 8.7%, although unlike CP in spring oats, was not significantly influenced by the time of harvest. For both forage types, harvest time had no significant effect on TDN. The FY of spring oats harvested in late May and early and mid-June was 10.2, 18.7, and 19.5 ton ha-1, respectively, with that of oats harvested on the latter two dates being significantly increased by 83% and 91%, respectively, compared with that in late May. Similarly, the FY of spring oats harvested in late October and early and mid-November was 7.1, 12.5, and 12.1 ton ha-1, respectively, with that of oats harvested on the latter two dates being significantly increased by 75% and 71%, respectively, compared with that in late October. Taking into consideration forage yield and quality (not less than 8% CP), it would be profitable to plant spring oats in the mountainous areas of southern Korea until March 15 and harvest around June 10, whereas summer oats could be beneficially planted until August 25 and harvested from early November.

본 연구는 조사료 연중생산이 불리한 남부산간지역(전북 장수군)에서 봄과 여름에 재배하는 조사료 귀리의 적정 파종과 수확시기를 구명하고자 하였다. 시험품종은 여름 재배용 국산 조사료 귀리 품종 '하이스피드'와 '다크호스'이었다. 남부산간지에서 봄과 여름 조사료 귀리의 적정 파종기와 수확시기를 구명하기 위하여 파종과 수확시기를 달리하여 각각 재배하고 조사료 수량과 품질 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 시험장소는 전북 장수군 소재 농가 논 포장이었다. 2015년과 2016년에 2년간 수행한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사료 귀리를 2월 하순, 3월 상순과 중순에 파종하였을 때, 출수까지 적산온도가 각각 690℃, 724℃, 743℃이었고, 8월 상순, 중순, 하순에 파종하였을 때, 출수까지 적산온도는 각각 1,449℃, 1,091℃, 888℃이었다. 2. 조사료 귀리 품종(하이스피드, 다크호스)을 2월 하순부터 9일 간격으로 3월 중순까지 파종하면 출수기는 모두 5월 10일~5월 16일이었고 평균 3일 정도만 늦었고, 8월 상순부터 10일 간격으로 8월 하순까지 파종하면 출수기는 모두 10월 13일~10월 15일이었고 평균 1~2일 정도만 늦어지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 9월 상순에 파종한 조사료 귀리는 출수하지 않았다. 3. 봄과 여름 조사료 귀리의 건물수량과 품질은 모두 파종 시기에 유의미한 영향을 받지 않았다. 4. 봄 조사료 귀리의 조단백 함량은 5월 하순에 수확한 것이 12.0%로 가장 높았고 그 이후 수확시기가 10일씩 늦을수록 급격히 감소하여 6월 상순에는 8.2%, 6월 중순에는 단백질 함량이 6.5%까지 감소하였고, TDN 함량(59~62%)도 비슷한 경향이었지만 감소폭은 작았다. 5. 여름 조사료 귀리는 파종시기가 늦을수록 단백질과 TDN 함량이 증가하는 경향이었고, 10월 하순부터 11월 중순까지 10일 간격으로 수확한 조사료 귀리의 조단백 함량이 8.4~8.7%, TDN 함량이 59.0~60.1% 정도이었다. 6. 봄 조사료 귀리는 6월 상순과 6월 중순에 수확한 건물수량이 각각 18.7톤/ha와 19.5톤/ha으로 5월 하순에 수확한 것보다 각각 83%와 91% 정도 높았다. 7. 여름 조사료 귀리는 11월 상순과 중순에 수확한 건물수량이 각각 12.5톤/ha와 12.1톤/ha으로 10월 하순에 수확한 것보다 각각 75%와 71% 정도 높았다. 8. 봄과 여름 귀리의 조사료 수량은 출수 이후 수확까지 적산온도와 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 9. 봄과 여름 조사료 귀리의 건물수량과 품질을 고려하였을 때, 남부산간지에서 조사료 귀리를 봄에 재배할 경우에 3월 15일까지 파종하고 6월 10일경에 수확하고, 여름에 재배할 경우에는 8월 25일경까지 파종하고 11월 상순 이후 수확하면 단백질 함량이 8% 이상인 고품질 조사료의 최대 수량을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(PJ0134912021)의 지원으로 수행된 결과입니다.

References

  1. A.O.A.C. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington DC.
  2. Barnhart, S. K. 2011. Oats for Forage. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Retrieved from https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2011/06/oats-forage (2020.10.26.).
  3. Burgess, P. L., E. A. Grant, and J. W. G. Nicholson. 1972. Feeding value of "forage" oats. Can. J. of Animal Sci. 52 : 448-450. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas72-052
  4. Cherney, J. H. and G. C. Marten. 1982. Small grain crop forage potential: I. Biological and chemical determinants of quality, and yield. Crop Sci. 22 : 227-231. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183X002200020007x
  5. Contreras-Govea, F. E. and K. A. Albrecht. 2006. Forage production and nutritive value in autumn and early summer. Crop Sci. 46 : 2382-2386. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0458
  6. Craufurd, P. Q. and T. R. Wheeler. 2009. Climate change and the flowering time of annual crops. J. Experimental Botany 60 : 2529-2539. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp196
  7. Doehlert, D. C., M. S. McMullen, and J. J. Hammond. 2001. Genotypic and environmental effects on grain yield and quality of oat grown in North Dakota. Crop Sci. 41 : 1066-1072. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.4141066x
  8. Fulton, J. M. 1968. Growth and yield of oats as influenced by soil temperature, ambient temperature and soil moisture supply. Can. J. Soil Sci. 48 : 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss68-001
  9. Han, O. K., J. H. Ku, H. G. Min, H. J. Lee, Y. H. Joo, S. S. Lee, J. S. Oh, K. H. Jung, and S. C. Kim. 2018. Effect of sowing and harvest time on forage yield and feed value of spring and fall oats at Youngnam mountain area. J. Kor. Soc. Grassland Forage Sci. 38 : 126-134. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2018.38.2.126
  10. Han, O. K., T. I. Park, H. H. Park, T. H. Song, J. J. Hwang, S. B. Baek, D. W. Kim, and Y. W. Kwon. 2012. Effect of Seeding Dates on Yield and Quality of Various Oat Cultivars for Year-Around Forage Production. J. Kor. Soc. Grassland Forage Sci. 32 : 209-220. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2012.32.3.209
  11. Helsel, Z. R. and J. W. Thomas. 1987. Small grains for forage. J. Dairy Sci. 70 : 2330-2338. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80293-X
  12. Heo, J. M., S. K. Lee, I. D. Lee, B. D. Lee, and H. C. Bae. 2005. Effect of different growing stages of winter cereal crops on the quality of silage materials and silages. J. Animal Science and Technology 47 : 877-890. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2005.47.5.877
  13. Holland, J. B., V. A. Portyanko, and D. L. Hoffman. 2002. Genomic regions controlling vernalization and photoperiod responses in oat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105 : 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-001-0845-5
  14. Hughes, K. A., A. J. Hall, P. W. Gandar, J. P. Kerr, and N. J. Withers. 1984. The prediction of cool-season forage oat yield using temperature and solar radiation data. Proceedings Agronomy Society of N. Z. 14 : 65-69.
  15. Johnston, J. 1998. Forage production from spring cereals and cereal-pea mixtures. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/98-041.htm.
  16. Ju, J. I., D. H. Lee, O. K. Han, T. H. Song, C. H. Kim, and H. B. Lee. 2011. Comparisons of characteristics, yield and feed quality of oat varieties sown in spring and autumn. J. Kor. Grassland Forage Sci. 31 : 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.1.25
  17. Locatelli, A. B. L. C. Federizzi, S. C. K. Milach, and A. R. McElroy. 2008. Flowering time in oat : Genotype characterization for photoperiod and vernalization response. Field Crop Research 106 : 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.12.006
  18. Olesen, J. E., C.D. Borgesen, L. Elsgaard, T. Palosuo, R. P. Rotter, A.O. Skjelvag, P. Peltonen-Sainio, T. Borjesson, M. Trnka, F. Ewert, S. Siebert, N. Brisson, J. Eitzinger, E. D. van Asselt, M. Oberforster, and H. J. van der Fels-Klerx. 2012. Changes in time of sowing, flowering and maturity of cereals in Europe under climate change, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 29:10, 1527-1542, DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.712060.
  19. Park, H. H. 2019. Barley and wheat is to be planted at right time in spring. This Month Agricultural Technology. Rural Development Administration. Retrieved from http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/portal/ps/psv/psvr/psvre/curationDtl.ps;jsessionid=saHyVOXkPFiK1kznlSe6ciRXxPh1WAq0da4I50Rc8Nr6X21tU12kkWmarTb716dt.nongsaro-web_servlet_engine1?menuId=PS03352&srchCuration No = 1372
  20. Peterson, D. M. and L. E. Schrader. 1974. Growth and nitrate assimilation in oats as influenced by temperature. Crop Science 14 : 857-861. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183X001400060025x
  21. RDA. 2012. Agricultural Science Technology Research Analysis Standard Reference (the 5th ed.). Sambo Printing Co. Seoul.
  22. Smith, D. 1974. Influence of temperature on growth of Froker oats for forage. I. Dry matter yields and growth rates. Can. J. Plant Sci. 54 : 725-730. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps74-122
  23. Smith, D. 1975. Influence of temperature on growth of Froker oats for forage. II. Concentrations and yields of chemical constituents. Can. J. Plant Sci. 55 : 897-901. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps75-143
  24. Soon, H. B. and M. G. Oh. 2017. Effects of seeding harvest dates on the productivity, nutritive values, and livestock carrying capacity of spring-seeded oats (Avena sative L.) in the northern Gyeongbuk province. Kor. J. Agricultural Science 44 : 400-408. https://doi.org/10.7744/KJOAS.20170037
  25. Thompson, R. K. and A. D. Day. 1959. Spring oats for winter forage southwest. American Society of Agronomy 51 : 9-11. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1959.00021962005100010004x
  26. Yan, W. and D. H. Wallace. 1998. Simulation and prediction of plant phenology for five crops based on photoperiod x temperature interaction. Annals of Botany 81 : 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1998.0625