Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Genetic Diversity and Relationship of the Genus Barbatula (Cypriniformes; Nemacheilidae) by Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b Partial Gene in Korea

한국산 종개속(Barbatula) 어류의 유전적 다양성 특성 연구

  • An, Jung-Hyun (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Incheon National University) ;
  • Yu, Jeong-Nam (Biodiversity Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Jik (Biological Resources Research Department, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Bae, Yang-Seop (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Incheon National University)
  • 안정현 (인천대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 유정남 (국립낙동강생물자원관 다양성연구팀) ;
  • 김병직 (국립생물자원관 생물자원연구부) ;
  • 배양섭 (인천대학교 생물학과)
  • Received : 2021.03.12
  • Accepted : 2021.06.10
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Two stone loaches (Nemacheilidae, Cypriniformes), Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) and B. nuda (Bleeker, 1864), have been recognized in the Korean waters to date. Recently, due to indiscriminate artificial introduction as well as the change of their habitats induced by natural disasters, it seems to be concerned about the damage of species-specific geographic boundaries. We examined the genetic difference of two Korean Barbatula species by the haplotype network based on the Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA and the phylogenetic relationships among them including Barbatula fishes occurring around the Korean peninsula. As a result, three and 29 haplotypes were obtained from B. toni and B. nuda, respectively, and totally three clades comprising "toni group", "nuda hangang group", and "nuda donghae group" were identified. The sequence variable sites among them was 10~24%, showing a difference of interspecific level. Phylogenetic relationships of the latter group, especially, forms an independent cluster discriminating with other two groups as well as the Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and European Barbatula species, suggesting the possibility of the specific level divergence.

우리나라에는 잉어목 Cypriniformes 종개과 Nemacheilidae에 속하는 종개속(genus Barbatula) 어류로 종개 B. toni와 대륙종개 B. nuda의 2종이 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이들은 최근 서식환경의 변화와 자연재해에 의한 인위적 도입 등으로 고유 분포역이 훼손되면서 종의 계통지리학적 경계의 붕괴가 우려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미토콘드리아 DNA 유전자의 Cytochrome b 염기서열에 근거한 유전자형 네트워크를 통해 유전적 다양성과, 한반도 주변의 종개속 어류를 포함한 계통 유연 관계 분석을 통해 우리나라 종개속 어류의 분자계통학적 위치를 검토하였다. 그 결과 우리나라 종개와 대륙종개에서 각각 3개와 29개의 유전자형을 획득하였으며, 종개 그룹, 한강 대륙종개 그룹, 동해 대륙종개 그룹의 3개 단계통을 확인하였다. 각 그룹 간 변이사이트는 10~24%로 높은 유전자 변이율을 보였으며, 특히 동해 대륙종개 그룹은 한강 대륙종개 그룹이나 종개 그룹뿐만 아니라 중국, 일본, 러시아, 유럽의 종들과 독립적인 클러스터를 형성하고 있어 종 수준으로 분화했을 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구 결과를 도출하는 데 종개류의 표본 일부를 제공해 주신 성무성 님(순천향대학교), 장지왕 님(인천대학교)께 깊은 감사를 드리며, 종개속 어류에 관한 다수의 참고문헌을 제공해 주신 Dr. A.M. Prokofiev (Russia Academy of Sciences, Russia)와 원고작성에 유용한 조언을 해 주신 윤희남 박사님(국립생태원)께도 감사드립니다. 본 논문은 정부(환경부)의 재원으로 국립생물자원관의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다(NIBR202102113).

References

  1. An, J.H., B.J. Kim and Y.S. Bae. 2021. Distribution of the Korean Barbatula (Cypriniformes; Nemacheilidae) species reviewed by the morphological traits of nostrils. Korean J. Ichthyol. 33: 117-125. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.33.2.8.
  2. April, J., R.L. Mayden, R.H. Hanner and L. Bernatchez. 2011. Genetic calibration of species diversity among North America's freshwater fishes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108: 10602-10607. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016437108.
  3. Bleeker, P. 1864. Description de deux especes inedites de Cobitioides. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 2: 11-14.
  4. Cao, L., R. Causse and E. Zhang. 2012. Revision of the loach species Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1865) (Pisces: Balitoridae) from North China, with a description of a new species from Inner Mongolia. Zootaxa, 3586: 236-248. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1.22.
  5. Chen, H., H. Zhang, Y. Chen and J. Freyhof. 2019. A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from northeastern China, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 4565: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1.
  6. Choi, H.K. and H.J. Lee. 2018. Development of a species identification method for the egg and fry of the three Korean bitterling fishes(Pisces: Acheilognathinae) using RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. Korean J. Environ. Biol., 36: 352-358. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.3.352.
  7. Clement, M., D. Posada and K.A. Crandall. 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol. Ecol., 9: 1657-1659. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x.
  8. Dybowski, B.N. 1869. VorlauFige Mittheilungen uber die Fischfauna des Ononflusses und des Ingoda in Transbaikalien. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., 19: 945-958.
  9. Excoffier, L., G. Laval and S. Schneider. 2005. Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. Online, 1: 47-50.
  10. Galtier, N., B. Nabholz, S. Glemin and G. Hurst. 2009. Mitochondrial DNA as a marker of molecular diversity: a reappraisal. Mol. Ecol., 18: 4541-4550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04380.x.
  11. He, D. and Y. Chen. 2006. Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in China inferred from cytochrome b sequences. J. Biogeogr., 33: 1448-1460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01510.x.
  12. Kessler, K.T. 1876. Ryby. In: Prejevalsky, N.M. (ed.), Mongolia i Strana Tangutov. Vol. 2. St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 1-36.
  13. Kim, C.H., K.E. Hong, J.H. Kim and K.H. Kim. 2006. Ichthyofauna in Yeongok Stream, Gangneung, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 18: 244-250.
  14. Kim, D.M., M.V. Hirt, A.M. Simons and Y.J. Won. 2017. Small fishes crossed a large mountain range: Quaternary stream capture events and freshwater fishes on both sides of the Taebaek Mountains. Integr. Zool., 12: 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12228.
  15. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, Korea, 629pp.
  16. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea, 467pp.
  17. Kim, I.S., E.H. Lee and Y.M. Son. 1988. Morphological variation and geographic distribution of two species on Nemacheiline loaches(Pisces, Cobitidae) from Korea. Korean J. Zool., 31: 283-294.
  18. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005. Illustrated Book of Korean Fishes. Kyohak Publishing Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea, 615pp.
  19. Kim, M.J. and C.B. Song. 2011. Origin of the Korean mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri and its molecular phylogenetic relationships to other Siniperca fishes. Korean J. Ichthyol., 23: 95-105.
  20. Kim, Y.J., I.C. Kim, S.Y. Lee, W.O. Lee, Y.C. Cho and J.S. Lee. 2003. The use and conservation in molecular phylogeny of fish mitochondrial DNAs in Korean waters. Korean J. Ecol. Environ., 36: 221-234.
  21. Kim, Y.R., J.E. Jang, H. Choi and H.J. Lee. 2020. Phylogeographic and population genetic study of a Korean endemic freshwater fish species, Zacco koreanus. Korean J. Environ. Biol., 38: 650-657. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2020.38.4.650.
  22. Kottelat, M. 2012. Conspectus cobitidium, an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). Raffles Bull. Zool, Suppl., 26: 1-199.
  23. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, 647pp.
  24. Kumar, S., G. Stecher, M. Li, C. Knyaz and K. Tamura. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol., 35: 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096.
  25. Lee, H.Y., K.J. Jee and E.K. Jung. 1990. Characteristics and Variations of the Chromosomal Constituents of Korean Nemacheilus toni(Pisces, Cobitidae). Genes Genom., 12: 256-262.
  26. Lee, S.R. and J.J. Kim. 2016. Molecular Phylogeny Study of Rhynchocypris kumgangensis in Korea Based on the Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrom b Gene. J. Natl. Park Res., 7: 147-153.
  27. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2019. National Species list of Korea. II. Vertebrates, Invertebrates. Designzip, Seoul, Korea, 908pp.
  28. Park, C.S. and H.Y. Lee. 1991. Systematic study on the fishes of family Cobitidae (Pisces: Cypriniformes): extensive variation in mitochondrial DNA among geographicpopulations of Nemacheilus toni. Korean J. Ichthyol., 3: 140-147.
  29. Song, H.B. and G.M. Park. 2006. A molecular Genetic Variation among Intra-poplations of Korean shiner, Coreoleuciscus splendidus Mori(Cyprinidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 18: 78-86.
  30. Song, H.Y., J.H. Kim, I.Y. Seo and I.C. Bang. 2017. Species and hybrid identification of Genus Coreoleuciscus species in Hwang-ji Stream, Nakdong River basin in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 29: 1-12.
  31. Yang, S.Y., H.Y. Lee, H.J. Yang and J.H. Kim. 1991. Systematic study on the fishes of the family Cobitidae (Pisces, Cypriniformes) I. Geographic variation of Nemacheilus toni, Lefua costata, and Niwaella multifasciata. Korean J. Zool., 34: 110-122.
  32. Yang, Y., H. Chen and Y. Chen. 2019. The complete mitochondrial genome of Barbatula nuda and B. toni(Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Mitochondrial DNA B, 4: 2585-2587. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1641435.
  33. Yoon, J.D., J.H. Kim, S.H. Park and M.H. Jang. 2018. The distribution and diversity of freshwater fishes in Korean Peninsula. Korean J. Ecol. Environ., 51: 71-85. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2018.51.1.071.
  34. Yoon, Y.Y. and H.S. Kim. 2004. Effect of Typhoon 'Rusa' on the Natural Yeon-gok Stream and Coastal Ecosystem in the YeongDong Province. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ., 7: 35-41.
  35. Yu, J.N., J. Jun, C.E. Lim and S. Kim. 2016. Sequence and organization of the complete mitogenome of a Siberian stone loach, Barbatula toni (Dybowsky, 1869) (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae). Mitochondrial DNA A, 27: 1798-1799. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.963818.