Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
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Fish Fauna and Community Structure in the Deogyusan National Park, Korea

덕유산국립공원의 어류상과 군집구조

  • Yun, Seung Woon (Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Jong Young (Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University)
  • 윤승운 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과, 전북대학교 부설 생물다양성연구소) ;
  • 박종영 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과, 전북대학교 부설 생물다양성연구소)
  • Received : 2021.03.13
  • Accepted : 2021.06.04
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

Fauna of freshwater fish and community structure were investigated at 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park, Korea from 2014 to 2018. During the period, a total of 8 families, 21 species, and 8,716 individuals of fishes were collected. The number of fish collected over the past five years from 2014 to 2018, were 17 species and 2,280 individuals, 17 species and 1,579 individuals, 17 species 1,905 individuals, 17 species and 1,384 individuals, and 15 species and 1,568 individuals, respectively. There were 13 Korean endemic species including Iksookimia koreensis and Coreoleuciscus splendidus, etc. Only in Wondangcheon Stream, two endangered species were identified, and Hemibarbus mylodon was collected continuously except in 2015, and Pseudopungtungia nigra was observed every year. And two exotic species such as Oncorhynchus masou masou and Oncorhynchus mykiss occurred in Gucheongdongcheon Stream sites. The dominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus and the sub-dominant species was Zacco koreanus and there was no difference by year. The fish community structure of Deogyusan National Park was varied depending on the sites and the year. Most of the survey sites located upper stream where the river structure is Aa river type showed poor community analysis results. On the other hand, the upper-mid stream sites including the Bb type showed better results. As a result, the Wondangcheon Stream sites had the most diverse and stable community structure. Similarity dendrogram was divided into 4 groups, mainly reflecting the characteristics of the habitat. The flagship species of the Deogyusan National Park, Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, was constantly observed during the investigation period. Compared to the previous survey, the number of species increased from 2004 (12 species) and decreased from 2009 (22 species).

2014년부터 2018년까지 덕유산국립공원 내 13개 지점에서 담수어류상을 조사한 결과 총 8과 21종 8,716개체의 어류가 확인되었다. 연도별 개체수는 각각 17종, 2,280개체, 17종 1,579개체, 17종 1,905개체, 17종 1,384개체, 15종, 1,568개체였다. 한국 고유종은 참종개(Iksookimia koreensis), 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus) 등 13종이 있었다. 원당천에서만 2종의 보호종이 확인되었는데, 2015년을 제외하고 지속적으로 천연기념물인 어름치(Hemibarbus mylodon)가 확인되었으며, 멸종위기 야생생물 1급 어류인 감돌고기(Pseudopungtungia nigra)는 매년 꾸준히 관찰되었다. 외래종으로는 산천어(Oncorhynchus masou masou)와 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 2종이 구천동천에서 확인되었다. 우점종은 버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus), 아우점종 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus)로써 연도별 변화는 없었다. 덕유산국립공원의 어류 군집 구조는 조사 지점과 연도에 따라 달랐는데, 하천형태가 Aa 형인 상류에 위치한 조사시점 대부분은 군집분석 결과가 좋지 않은 반면 Bb 형을 포함한 중상류 지점은 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 분석결과 원당천에 위치한 조사지점들이 가장 높은 다양성과 안정적인 군집구조를 보여주었다. 지점별 유사도 분석 결과는 지점 간 거리보다는 서식지의 특성을 반영하여 4개의 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 덕유산국립공원의 깃대종인 금강모치(Rhynchocypris kumgangensis)는 조사기간 동안 구천동천에서 지속적으로 관찰되었다. 기존 연구와 비교한 결과 12종이 확인된 2004년 조사에 비해서 종수는 증가하였으나, 22종이 채집된 2009년 조사에 비해서는 감소하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Financial support was provided by the Deogyusan National Park Office of Korea National Park Service (2000~2020). We also thank the staff of the Deogyusan National Park Office for their help during the survey.

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