Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Hydrograph Separation and Flow Characteristic Analysis for Observed Rainfall Events during Flood Season in a Forested Headwater Stream

산지계류에 있어서 홍수기의 강우사상에 대한 유출수문곡선 분리 및 특성 분석

  • Nam, Sooyoun (Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Kun-Woo (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Uk (Department of Forestry and Environmental Systems, Graduate School, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kang, Won Seok (Division of Resource Management and Restoration, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Jang, Su-Jin (Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 남수연 (강원대학교 산림과학연구소) ;
  • 전근우 (강원대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 이재욱 (강원대학교 대학원 산림환경시스템학과) ;
  • 강원석 (국립산림과학원 산림육성복원연구과) ;
  • 장수진 (강원대학교 산림과학연구소)
  • Received : 2021.02.04
  • Accepted : 2021.03.12
  • Published : 2021.03.31
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Abstract

We examined the flow characteristics by direct runoff and base flow in a headwater stream during observed 59 rainfall events of flood season (June~September) from 2017 to 2020 yrs. Total precipitation ranged from 5.0 to 400.8 mm, total runoff ranged from 0.1 to 176.5 mm, and runoff ratio ranged from 0.1 to 242.9% during the rainfall events. From hydrograph separation, flow duration in base flow (139.3 days) was tended to be longer than direct runoff (78.3 days), while the contribution of direct runoff in total runoff (54.2%) was greater than base flow (45.8%). The total amount and peak flow of direct runoff and base flow had the highest correlation (p<0.05) with total precipitation and duration of rain among rainfall and soil moisture conditions. Dominant rainfall events for the total amount and peak flow of base flow were generated under 5.0~200.4 and 10.5~110.5 mm in total precipitation. However, when direct runoff occurred as dominant rainfall events, total amount and peak flow were increased by 267.4~400.8 and 169.0~400.8 mm in total precipitation. Therefore, the unique aspects of our study design permitted us to draw inferences about flow characteristic analysis with the contribution of base flow and/or direct runoff in the total runoff in a headwater stream. Furthermore, it will be useful for the long-term strategy of effective water management for integrated surface-groundwater in the forested headwater stream.

이 연구는 지속가능한 수자원 이용 및 관리대책을 수립하는 데에 필요한 수문학적 자료를 제공할 목적으로 2017~2020년 홍수기 (6~9월)에 발생한 총 59회의 강우사상에 대한 강우-유출 특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 강우량은 5.0~400.8 mm, 유출고는 0.1~176.5 mm, 유출률은 0.1~242.9%의 범위로 나타났다. 그리고 유출수문곡선에서 직접유출과 기저유출을 분리한 결과, 홍수기의 총 유출일 대비 기저유출(139.3일)이 직접유출(78.3일)보다 유출기간이 길었지만, 총 유출고에 대한 기여도는 직접유출 (54.2%)이 기저유출 (45.8%)보다 높게 나타났다. 또한, 유출에 영향을 미치는 강우조건을 분석한 결과, 직접유출과 기저유출의 유출고 및 첨두유출고에 높은 유의성(p<0.05)을 보이는 강우조건은 강우량과 강우지속시간으로 나타났다. 특히, 유출고와 첨두유출고의 강우량은 각각 5.0~200.4, 10.5~110.5 mm의 범위에서는 기저유출이 우세한 강우사상이 나타났지만, 유출고와 첨두유출고의 강우량이 각각 267.4~400.8, 169.0~400.8 mm의 범위에서는 직접유출이 우세한 강우사상이 나타났다. 앞으로 극한 기후현상에 따른 물 부족이 심화할 것으로 예상되는 가운데, 산지계류의 직접유출 및 기저유출에 대한 장기적이고도 지속적인 분석이 이루어진다면 지표수-지하수의 이용 및 관리 측면에서의 활용과 자료의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 환경부 표토보전관리기술개발사업 (2019002830002) 및 한국연구재단 이공분야학문후속세대양성사업(NRF-2020R1A6A3A01099801)의 연구비 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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