Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic performance of steel columns corroded in general atmosphere

  • Wang, Youde (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology) ;
  • Shi, Tao (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology) ;
  • Nie, Biao (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology) ;
  • Wang, Hao (Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co. Ltd. MCC Group) ;
  • Xu, Shanhua (School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology)
  • Received : 2019.12.12
  • Accepted : 2020.11.02
  • Published : 2021.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Steel structures exposed to general atmosphere for a long time are highly susceptible to corrosion damage, which would lead to the degradation of service performance of the components and even structures. This article focuses on the effect of corrosion on the seismic performance of steel column. The accelerated corrosion tests in general atmosphere were conducted on 7 H-shaped steel columns and 20 steel plates. Then the obtained plate specimens were subjected to monotonic tensile tests and cyclic loading tests, and the steel columns were subjected to pseudo-static tests, respectively, to study the effects of corrosion on their mechanical properties and seismic performance. Then, a simplified three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) capable of accurately simulating the hysteretic response of corroded steel columns under low-cycle loading was established. Experimental results indicated that the yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and peak strain of corroded steel plate decreased linearly with the proposed corrosion damage parameter Dn, and the energy dissipations under low-cycle loading were significantly reduced. There is a correlation between the cyclic hardening parameters of corroded steel and the yield-tensile strength difference (SD), and then a simplified formula was proposed. Corrosion could result in the premature entrance of each loading stage of corroded columns and the deterioration of buckling deformation range, bearing capacity and energy dissipation, etc. In addition, a larger axial compression ratio (CR) would further accelerate the failure process of corroded columns. The parametric finite element analysis (FEA) indicated that greater damage was found for steel columns with non-uniform corrosion, and hysteretic performance degraded more significantly when corrosion distributed at flanges or foot zone.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51908455), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2019M653572), and Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. 19JS042).

References

  1. Ahmmad, M. and Sumi, Y. (2010), "Strength and deformability of corroded steel plates under quasi-static tensile load", J. MarineSci. Technol., 15, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-009-0066-1.
  2. Albrecht, P. and Shabshab, C. (1994), "Fatigue strength of weathered rolled beam made of A588 steel", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 6, 407-428. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1994)6:3(407).
  3. Albrecht, P. and Lenwari, A. (2008), "Fatigue strength of Trolley Bridge stringers made of ASTM A7 Steel", J. Bridge Eng., 13, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:1(67).
  4. Ananthi, G.B.G., Roy, K., Chen, B. and Lim, J.B.P. (2019), "Testing, simulation and design of back-to-back built-up cold-formed steel unequal angle sections under axial compression", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 595-614. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.595.
  5. Anderson, J.C. and Johnston, R.G. (1998), "Performance of steel frame building which experienced intense ground motion", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 12, 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)088 7-3828(1998)12:4(186).
  6. Ananthi, G.B., Roy, K. and Lim, J.B.P. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigations on axial strength of back-to-back builtup cold-formed steel angle columns", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(6), 601-615. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.6.601.
  7. Apostolopoulos, C.A. (2007), "Mechanical behavior of corroded reinforcing steel bars S500s tempcore under low cycle fatigue", Constr. Build. Mater., 21, 1447-1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2006.07.008.
  8. Appuhamy, J.M.R.S., Kaita, T., Ohga, M. and Fujii, K. (2011), "Prediction of residual strength of corroded tensile steel plates", Int. J. Steel Struct., 11, 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/ S13296-011-1006-6.
  9. Armstrong, P.J. and Frederick, C.O. (2007), "A mathematical representation of the multiaxial Bauschinger effect", Mater. High Temperat., 24(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1179/096034007X207589.
  10. ASTM E466-15 (2015), Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests, ASTM international, Philadelphia (PA), USA.
  11. Beaulieu, L.V., Legeron, F. and Langlois, S. (2010), "Compression strength of corroded steel angle members", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66, 1366-1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr. 2010.05.006.
  12. Bruneau, M. and Zahrai, S.M. (1997), "Effect of severe corrosion on cyclic ductility of steel", J. Struct. Eng., 123, 1478-1486. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1478).
  13. Chaboche J.L. (2008), "A review of some plasticity and viscoplasticity constitutive theories", Int. J. Plast., 24, 1642-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.03.009.
  14. Cheng, S., Karagah, H., Dawood, M. and Belarbi, A. (2014), "Numerical investigation of H-shaped short steel piles with localized severe corrosion", Eng. Struct., 73, 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct. 2014.04.048.
  15. Feng, R., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Roy, K., Chen, B. and Lim, J.B.P. (2020), "Numerical investigation and design rules for flexural capacities of H-section high-strength steel beams with and without web openings", Eng. Struct., 225, 111278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111278.
  16. Garbatov, Y., Guedes, S.C. and Wang, G. (2007), "Nonlinear time dependent corrosion wastage of deck plates of ballast and cargo tanks of tankers", J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 129, 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2426987.
  17. Garbatov, Y., Guedes Soares, C., Parunov, J. and Kodvanj, J. (2014), "Tensile strength assessment of corroded small scale specimens", Corrosion Sci., 85, 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci. 2014.04.031.
  18. GB 50205-2001 (2001), Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures, China Planning Press, Beijing, China.
  19. GB/T 24517-2009 (2009), Corrosion of metals and alloys-Outdoors exposure test methods for periodic water spray, Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.
  20. Hu, F., Shi, G. and Shi, Y. (2018), "Constitutive model for fullrange elasto-plastic behavior of structural steels with yield plateau: Formation and implementation", Eng. Struct., 171, 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.037.
  21. Huang, Y. (2009), "Simulating the inelastic seismic behavior of steel braced frames including the effects of low-cycle fatigue", Dissertations & Theses Gradworks.
  22. Hui, Y., Lin, Z. and Li, R. (1997), "Experimental study and analysis on the property of corroded rebar", Ind. Constr., 27(6), 10-13. https://doi.org/10.13204/j.gyjz199706003.
  23. JGJ/T 101-2015 (2015), Specification for seismic test of buildings, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
  24. Khedmati, M.R., Roshanali, M.M., and Nouri, Z.H.M.E. (2011), "Strength of steel plates with both-sides randomly distributed with corrosion wastage under uniaxial compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 49, 325-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2010.10.002.
  25. Kuroda, M. (2002), "Extremely low cycle fatigue life prediction based on a new cumulative fatigue damage model", Int. J.l Fatigue, 24, 699-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00170-0.
  26. Larrosa, N.O., Akid, R. and Ainsworth, R.A. (2017), "Corrosionfatigue: a review of damage tolerance models", Int. Mater. Rev., 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2017.1375644.
  27. Li, A., Xu, S., Wang, H., Zhang, H. and Wang, Y. (2019), "Bond behaviour between CFRP plates and corroded steel plates", Compos. Struct., 220, 221-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct. 2019.03.068.
  28. Li, R., Miao. C. and Yu, J. (2020), "Effect of characteristic parameters of pitting on strength and stress concentration factor of cable steel wire", Constr. Build. Mater., 240, 117915. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117915.
  29. Liu, X., Zhang, W., Gu, X. and Ye, Z. (2020), "Probability distribution model of stress impact factor for corrosion pits of high-strength prestressing wires", Eng. Struct., 230, 111686. https://doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111686.
  30. Lv, F. (2015), "Research on Hysteretic Behavior of cruciform diaphragm welded joint", Master's Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing.
  31. Macrae, G.A. and Kawashima, K. (2001), "Seismic behavior of hollow stiffened steel bridge columns", J. Bridge Eng., 6, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2001)6:2(110).
  32. Melchers, R.E. (1999), "Corrosion uncertainty modelling for steel structures", J. Constr. Steel Res., 52, 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(99)00010-3.
  33. Melchers, R.E. (2004a), "Pitting corrosion of mild steel in marine immersion environment-Part 1: Maximum pit depth", Corrosion, 60, 824-836. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3287863.
  34. Melchers, R.E. (2004b), "Pitting corrosion of mild steel in marine immersion environment-Part 2: Variability of maximum pit depth", Corrosion, 60, 937-944. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3287827.
  35. Miller, D.K. (1998), "Lessons learned from the Northridge earthquake", Eng. Struct., 20, 249-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00031-X.
  36. Nakai, T., Matsushita, H., Yamamoto, N. and Arai, H. (2004), "Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (1st report)", Mar. Struct., 17, 403-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marstruc.2004.10.001.
  37. Nakai, T., Matsushita, H. and Yamamoto, N. (2006), "Effect of pitting corrosion on strength of web plates subjected to patch loading", Thin-Wall. Struct., 44, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws. 2005.09.004.
  38. Nie, B., Xu, S., Zhang, H. and Zhang, Z. (2020), "Experimental and numerical studies on the behaviour of corroded cold-formed steel columns", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(5), 611-625. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.5.611.
  39. Nip, K.H., Gardner, L., Davies, C.M. and Elghazouli, A.Y. (2010), "Extremely low cycle fatigue tests on structural carbon steel and stainless steel", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.08.004.
  40. Rahgozar, R. (2009), "Remaining capacity assessment of corrosion damaged beams using minimum curves", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65, 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.004.
  41. Rahgozar, R., Sharifi, Y. and Malekinejad, M. (2010), "Buckling capacity of uniformly corroded steel members in terms of exposure time", Steel Compos. Struct., 10(6), 475-487. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2010.10.6.475.
  42. Ramberg, W. and Osgood, W.R. (1943), "Description of stressstrain curves by three parameters", National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics, Technical Note 902.
  43. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B.P. (2018a), "Nonlinear behaviour of back-to-back gapped built-up coldformed steel channel sections under compression", J. Constr. Steel Res., 147, 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.04.007.
  44. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B.P. (2018b), "Effect of thickness on the behaviour of axially loaded back-to-back coldformed steel built-up channel sections - Experimental and numerical investigation", Structures, 16, 327-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.09.009.
  45. Roy, K., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B.P. (2019), "Finite element modelling of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels under axial compression", Steel Compos. Structuct., 33(1), 869-898. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.1.869.
  46. Saad-Eldeen, S., Garbatov, Y. and Guedes Soares, C. (2014), "Strength assessment of a severely corroded box girder subjected to bending moment", J. Constr. Steel Res., 92, 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.09.010.
  47. Setvati, M.R. and Mustaffa, Z. (2019), "Rehabilitation of corroded circular hollow sectional steel beam by CFRP patch", Steel Compos. Struct., 32(1), 127-139. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs. 2019.32.1.127.
  48. Sheng, J. and Xia, J. (2017), "Effect of simulated pitting corrosion on the tensile properties of steel", Constr. Build. Mater., 131, 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.037.
  49. Shi, Y., Wang, M. and Wang, Y. (2011), "Experimental and constitutive model study of structural steel under cyclic loading", J. Constr. Steel Res., 67, 1185-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr. 2011.02.011.
  50. Shi, W., Tong, L., Chen, Y., Li, Z. and Shen, K. (2012), "Experimental study on influence of corrosion on behavior of steel material and steel beams", J. Build. Struct., 33, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2012.07.006.
  51. Silva, J.E., Garbatov, Y. and Guedes Soares, C. (2013), "Ultimate strength assessment of rectangular steel plates subjected to a random localized corrosion degradation", Eng. Struct., 52, 295-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.013.
  52. Southwell, C.R., Bultman, J.D. and Hummer, C.W. (1979), Seawater Corrosion Handbook, Noyes Data Corporation, New Jersey, USA.
  53. Tada, M. (1998), "Classification of damage to steel buildings observed in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake", Eng. Struct., 20, 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00019-9.
  54. Wang, R., Shenoib, R.A. and Sobey, A. (2018), "Ultimate strength assessment of plated steel structures with random pitting corrosion damage", J. Constr. Steel Res., 143, 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.014.
  55. Wang, Y., Wharton, J.A. and Shenoi, R.A. (2014), "Ultimate strength analysis of aged steel plated structures exposed to marine corrosion damage: A review", Corrosion Sci., 86, 42-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.043.
  56. Wang, Y., Xu, S., Wang, H. and Li, A. (2017), "Predicting the residual strength and deformability of corroded steel plate based on the corrosion morphology", Constr. Build. Mater., 152, 777-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.035
  57. Wang, Y., Xu, S., Li, H. and Zhang, H. (2020a), "Surface characteristics and stochastic model of corroded structural steel under general atmospheric environment", Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 56, 148-160. https://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00156.
  58. Wang, Y., Xu, S. and Li, A. (2020b), "Flexural performance evaluation of corroded steel beam based on 3D corrosion morphology", Struct. Infrastruct. Eng.,16(11), 1562-1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1713169.
  59. Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Ma, R. and Xu, S. (2021), "Stochastic model for surface characterization of structural steel corroded in simulated offshore atmosphere", Acta Metallurgica Sinica. https://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00326.
  60. Woloszyk, K. and Garbatov, Y. (2020), "Random field modelling of mechanical behaviour of corroded thin steel plate specimens", Eng. Struct., 212, 110544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110544.
  61. Xia, M., Wang, Y. and Xu, S. (2021), "Study on surface characteristics and stochastic model of corroded steel in neutral salt spray environment", Constr. Build. Mater., 272, 121915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121915.
  62. Xu, S. and Qiu, B. (2014), "Deterioration law of mechanical properties of corroded steel plates", Mater. Mech. Eng., 38, 60-63.
  63. Xu, S. and Wang, Y. (2015a), "Estimating the effects of corrosion pits on the fatigue life of steel plate based on the 3D profile", Int. J. Fatigue, 72, 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.11.003.
  64. Xu, S., Wang, Y. and Xue, Q. (2015b), "Evaluation indicators and extraction method for pitting corrosion of structural steel", J. Harbin Inst. Technol., 22, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11916/j.issn.1005-9113.2015.03.003.
  65. Xu, S., Zhang, Z. and Qin, G. (2019), "Study on the seismic performance of corroded H-shaped steel columns", Eng. Struct., 191, 36-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.037.
  66. Xu, S., Li, H., Wang, Y. and Y. Wang (2020), "Influence of corrosion on the bond behavior in CFRP-steel single lap joints", Constr. Build. Mater., 236117607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117607.
  67. Yang, Y., Biscaia, H., Chastre, C. and Silva, M.A. (2017), "Bond characteristics of CFRP-to-steel joints", J. Constr. Steel Res., 138, 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.08.001.
  68. Yuan, F., Chen, M. and Huang, H. (2019), "Square CFST columns under cyclic load and acid rain attack: Experiments", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(2), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.171.
  69. Zhang, W., Gu, X., Jin, X. and Jin, N. (2010), "Study on corrosion mechanism of steel bars in concrete and mechanical performance of corroded steel bars", J. Build. Struct., 1, 327-332. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-1675.2013.02.259.
  70. Zhang, Z., Xu, S. and Li, R. (2020a), "Comparative investigation of the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of different parts of thin-walled steel", Thin-Wall. Struct., 146, 106450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106450.
  71. Zhang, Z., Xu, S., Nie, B., Li, R. and Xing, Z. (2020b), "Experimental and numerical investigation of corroded steel columns subjected to in-plane compression and bending", ThinWall. Struct., 151, 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106735.