Acknowledgement
The author would like to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by University of Malaya. The author would also like to thank all the people who have contributed in any way to making this research possible.
References
- ACI 318 (2008), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concern, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440.2R (2008), Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems For Strengthening Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440.3R (2004), Guide for Test Methods for Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) for Reinforcing and Strengthening Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440-2R (2000), Design Guidance for Strengthening Concrete Structures Using Fiber Composite Materials, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440-2R (2002), Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440R (1996), State-of-the-Art Report on FRP for Concrete Structures, Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- ACI-440R (2007), Report on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
- Ahmed A, A., Naganathan, S., Nasharuddin, K. and Fayyadh, M.M. (2015), "Repair effectiveness of CFRP and steel plates in RC beams with web opening: effect of plate thickness", Int. J. Civil Eng., 13(2), 234-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.22068/IJCE.13.2.234.
- Ahmed A, A., Naganathan, S., Nasharuddin, K., Fayyadh, M.M. and Jamali, S. (2016), "Repair effectiveness of damaged RC beams with web opening using CFRP and steel plates", Jordan J. Civil Eng., 10(2). https://jjce.just.edu.jo/issues/paper.php?p=3534.pdf.
- Alhawamdah, M. and Alqam, M. (2020), "Behaviour assessment of reinforced concrete columns externally rehabilitated with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) subjected to eccentric loadings", Jordan J. Civil Eng., 14(1). 1-13.
- Al-Khafaji, A. and Salim, H. (2020), "Flexural strengthening of RC continuous T-Beams using CFRP", Fibers, 8(6), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8060041.
- AL-Kharkhi, H. and Aziz, A. (2018), "Shear strengthening of reinforced self-compacted concrete hammer head beams using warped CFRP strips: Experimental and theoretical study", Jordan J. Civil Eng., 12(4), 629-636.
- Al-Sulaimani, G.J., Sharif, A., Basunbul, I.A., Baluch, M.H. and Ghaleb, B.N. (1994), "Shear repair for reinforced concrete by fiberglas plate bonding", ACI Struct. J., 91, 458-464.
- Anil, O. (2006), "Improving shear capacity of RC T-Beams using CFRP composites subjected to cyclic load", Cement Concrete Compos., 28(7), 638-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.04.004.
- Bakis, C.E., Bank, L.C., Cosenza, E., Davalos, J.F., Lesko, J.J., Machida, A., Rizkalla, S.H. and Triantafillou, T. (2002), "Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction - state of the art review", J. Compos. Construct., 6(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73).
- Capozucca, R. and Cerri, M.N. (2002), "Static and dynamic behaviour of RC beam model strengthened by CFRP-sheets", Construct. Build. Mater., 16(2) 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00036-8.
- Chaallal, O., Nollet, M.J. and Perraton, D. (1998), "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic plates: Design guidelines for shear and flexure", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 25(4), 692-704. https://doi.org/10.1139/l98-008.
- Chen, J.F. and Teng, J.G. (2001), "Anchorage strength models for FRP and steel plates bonded to concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 127(7), 784-791. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:7(784).
- Chen, J.F. and Teng, J.G. (2003), "Shear capacity of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams: FRP debonding", Construct. Build. Mater., 17(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00091-0.
- Colotti, V. and Spadea, G. (2001), "Shear strength of RC beams strengthened with bonded steel or FRP plates", J. Struct. Eng., 127(4), 367-373. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:4(367).
- Dias, S.J.E. and Barros, J.A.O. (2010), "Performance of reinforced concrete T beams strengthened in shear with NSM CFRP laminates", Eng. Struct., 32(2), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.10.001.
- El-Ghandour, A.A. (2011), "Experimental and analytical investigation of CFRP flexural and shear strengthening efficiencies of RC beams", Construct. Build. Mater., 25(3), 1419-1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.001.
- El-Mihilmy, M. and Tedesco, J.W. (2000), "Analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP laminates", J. Struct. Eng., 126(6), 684-691. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:6(684).
- El-Taly, B., HasabElnaby, Y. and Meleika, N. (2018), "Structural performance of precast-prestressed hollow core slabs subjected to negative bending moments", Asian J. Civil Eng., 19, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0061-0.
- Fayyadh, M.M. and Razak, H.R. (2012), "Assessment of adhesive setting time in reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates", Mater. Des., 37, 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.12.031.
- Fayyadh, M.M. and Razak, H.R. (2012), "Assessment of effectiveness of CFRP repaired RC beams under different damage levels based on flexural stiffness", Construct. Build. Mater., 37, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.021.
- Fayyadh, M.M. and Razak, H.R. (2014), "Analytical and experimental study on repair effectiveness of CFRP sheets for RC beams", J. Civil Eng. Managem., 20(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.799095.
- Khalifa, A. and Nanni, A. (2000), "Improving shear capacity of existing RC T-section beams using CFRP composites", Cement Concrete Compos., 22(3), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00051-7.
- Khalifa, A., Gold, J.W., Nanni, A. and Adbel-Aziz, M.I. (1998), "Contribution of externally bonded FRP to shear capacity of RC flexural members", J. Compos. Construct., 2(4), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(195).
- Lam, L. and Teng, J.G. (2001), "Strength of RC cantilever slabs bonded with GFRP strips", J. Compos. Construct., 5(4), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:4(221).
- Lee, H.K., Cheong, S.H., Ha, S.K. and Lee, C.G. (2011), "Behavior and performance of RC T-Section deep beams externally strengthened in shear with CFRP sheets", Compos. Struct., 93(2), 911-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.07.002.
- Li, A., Assih, J. and Delmas, Y. (2001), "Shear strengthening of RC beams with externally bonded CRRP sheets", J. Struct. Eng., 127(4), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:4(374).
- Malek, A.M. and Patel, K. (2002), "Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete flanged beams with composite laminates", J. Compos. Construct., 6(2), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(97).
- Malek, A.M. and Saadatmanesh, H. (1998), "Ultimate shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with web-bonded fiber reinforced plastic plates", ACI Struct. J., 95(4), 391-399.
- Meier, U. (1992), "Carbn fiber reinforced polymers: Modern materials in bridge engineering", Struct. Eng. Int., 2(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686692780617020.
- Mohamed-Ali, M.S., Oehlers, D.J. and Seracino, R. (2066), "Vertical shear interaction model between external FRP transverse plates and internal steel stirrups", Eng. Struct., 28(3), 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.08.010.
- Pellegrino, C. and Modena, C. (2002), "Fiber-reinforced polymer shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with transverse steel reinforcement", J. Compos. Construct., 6(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(104).
- Saadatmanesh, H. and Ehsani, M.R. (1991), "RC Beams stregthened with GFRP plates I: Expermintal study", J. Struct. Eng., 117(11), 3417-3433. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:11(3417).
- Saadatmanesh, H. and Malek, A.M. (1998), "Design guidelines for flexural strengthening of RC beams with FRP plates, J. Compos. Construct., 2(4), 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(158).
- Shaw, I.D. and Andrawes, B. (2017), "Finite element analysis of CFRP laminate repairs on damaged end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders", Advan. Comput. Des., 2(2),147-168. https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2017.2.2.147
- Stallings, J.M., Tedesco, J.W., El-Mihilmy, M. and McCauley, M. (2000), "Field performance of FRP bridge repairs", J. Bridge Eng., 5(2), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2000)5:2(107).
- Teng, J.G., Chen, J.F., Smith, S.T. and Lam, L. (2001), FRP-Strengthened RC Structures, John Wiley & Sons England, U.K.
- Triantafillou, T.C. and Plevris, N. (1992), "Strengthening of RC Beams with epoxy-bonded fiber-composite materials", Mater. Struct., 25, 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473064.
- Vukovic, N.K., Jevric, M. and Zejak, R. (2020), "Experimental analysis of RC elements strengthened with CFRP strip", Mech. Compos. Mater., 56, 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-020-09861-x.
- Xie H.B. and Wang Y.F. (2019), "Reliability analysis of CFRP-strengthened RC bridges considering size effect of CFRP", Materials, 12(14), 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142247.