Acknowledgement
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korea government (NRF-2019R1A6A3A01095209).
References
- Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB. The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37:753-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90104-N
- Afari N, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:221-36. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.221
- Pawlikowska T, Chalder T, Hirsch SR, Wallace P, Wright DJ, Wessely SC. Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress. BMJ. 1994;308:763-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6931.763
- Enoka RM. Muscle fatigue - from motor units to clinical symptoms. J Biomech. 2012;45:427-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.047
- Paillard T. Effects of general and local fatigue on postural control: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36:162-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.009
- Josef F. Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue during exercise. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-1
- Enoki T, Yoshida Y, Hatta H, Bonen A. Exercise training alleviates MCT1 and MCT4 reductions in heart and skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Appl Physiol. 2003;94:2433-8. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01155.2002
- Halestrap AP, Price NT. The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation. Biochem J. 1999;343:281-99. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3430281
- Bonen A. The expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in heart and muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;86:6-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210100516
- Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Potential role of Ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Am J Chin Med. 2008;36:1019-28. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X08006545
- Arring NM, Millstine D, Marks LA, Nail LM. Ginseng as a Treatment for Fatigue: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24:624-33. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0361
- Baek KS, Yi YS, Son YJ, Yoo S, Sung NY, Kim Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean red Ginseng-derived components. J Ginseng Res. 2016;40:437-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.003
- Ray MA, Trammell RA, Verhulst S, Ran S, Toth LA. Development of a mouse model for assessing fatigue during chemotherapy. Comp Med. 2011;61:119-30.
- Thomas C, Bishop D, Moore-Morris T, Mercier J. Effects of high-intensity training on MCT1, MCT4, and NBC expressions in rat skeletal muscles: influence of chronic metabolic alkalosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293:E916-22.
- Bharti M, Fudong L, Yan X, Rebecca P, Jun L, Louise M. Functional recovery in aging mice after experimental stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25:1689-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.06.015
- Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ. Fatigued muscles in COPD but no finishing line in sight. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:693-4. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00015308
- Rainoldi A, Gazzoni M, Merletti R, Minetto MA. Mechanical and EMG responses of the vastus lateralis and changes in biochemical variables to isokinetic exercise in endurance and power athletes. J Sports Sci. 2008;26:311-9.
- Ohba T, Domoto S, Tanaka M, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome induced by repeated forced swimming in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2019;42:1140-5. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b19-00009
- Hsiao CY, Hsu YJ, Tung YT, Lee MC, Huang CC, Hsieh CC. Effects of Antrodia camphorata and panax ginseng supplementation on anti-fatigue properties in mice. J Vet Med Sci. 2018;80:284-91. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0572
- Izquierdo M, Gonzalez-Izal M, Navarro-Amezqueta I, Calbet JAL, Ibanez J, Malanda A, et al. Effects of strength training on muscle fatigue mapping from surface EMG and blood metabolites. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:303-11.
- Strojnik V, Komi P V. Fatigue after submaximal intensive stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:1314-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200007000-00020
- White GE, Wells GD. The effect of on-hill active recovery performed between runs on blood lactate concentration and fatigue in alpine ski racers. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:800-6. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000677
- Ma GD, Chiu CH, Hsu YJ, Hou CW, Chen YM, Huang CC. Changbai mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) extract supplementation improves exercise performance and energy utilization and decreases fatigue-associated parameters in mice. Molecules. 2017;22:237. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020237
- Enoki T, Yoshida Y, Lally J, Hatta H, Bonen A. Testosterone increases lactate transport, monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2006;577:433-43. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115436
- Juel G, Halestrap AP. Lactate transport in skeletal muscle - Role and regulation of the monocarboxylate transporter. J Physiol. 1999;517:633-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0633s.x
- Coles L, Litt J, Hatta H, Bonen A. Exercise rapidly increases expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in rat muscle. J Physiol. 2004;561:253-61. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073478
- Manning Fox JE, Meredith D, Halestrap AP. Characterisation of human monocarboxylate transporter 4 substantiates its role in lactic acid efflux from skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2000;529:285-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00285.x
- Ullah MS, Davies AJ, Halestrap AP. The plasma membrane lactate transporter MCT4, but not MCT1, is up-regulated by hypoxia through a HIF-1 α-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:9030-7. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M511397200
- Thomas C, Perrey S, Lambert K, Hugon G, Mornet D, Mercier J. Monocarboxylate transporters, blood lactate removal after supramaximal exercise, and fatigue indexes in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98:804-9. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01057.2004
- Thomas C, Bishop DJ, Lambert K, Mercier J, Brooks GA. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on sarcolemmal MCT1 and MCT4 contents in human skeletal muscles: current status. Am J PhysiolRegulIntegr Comp Physiol. 2012;302:R1-14. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2011
- Kim TW, Park SS, Kim BK, Sim YJ, Shin MS. Effects of sildenafil citrate on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019;15:751-6. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938712.356
- Green HJ, Duhamel TA, Holloway GP, Moule JW, Ranney DW, Tupling AR, et al. Rapid upregulation of GLUT-4 and MCT-4 expression during 16 h of heavy intermittent cycle exercise. Am J Physiol RegulIntegr Comp Physiol. 2008;294:R594-600. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00699.2007
- Bishop D, Edge J, Thomas C, Mercier J. High-intensity exercise acutely decreases the membrane content of MCT1 and MCT4 and buffer capacity in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:616-21. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00590.2006
- Tonouchi M, Hatta H, Bonen A. Muscle contraction increases lactate transport while reducing sarcolemmal MCT4, but not MCT1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:1062-9.
Cited by
- Korean Red Ginseng Ameliorates Fatigue via Modulation of 5-HT and Corticosterone in a Sleep-Deprived Mouse Model vol.13, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093121