Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (대한결핵및호흡기학회)
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Health-Promoting Behaviors, Health Literacy, and Levels of Knowledge about Smoking-Related Diseases among Smokers and Non-smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Celebi, Cihat (Traditional and Complementary Medicine Department, General Directorate of Health Services, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health) ;
  • Calik-Kutukcu, Ebru (Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University) ;
  • Saglam, Melda (Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University) ;
  • Bozdemir-Ozel, Cemile (Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University) ;
  • Inal-Ince, Deniz (Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University) ;
  • Vardar-Yagli, Naciye (Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University)
  • Received : 2020.12.07
  • Accepted : 2021.01.26
  • Published : 2021.04.30
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Abstract

Background: For generations, cigarette smoking has presented an important public health concern. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting behavior, exercise capacity, physical activity level, health literacy, and knowledge level of smoking-related diseases between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: The study included 71 smokers (mean age, 32.69±8.55 years) and 72 non-smokers (mean age, 31.88±9.94 years) between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Assessments included a 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Godin Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Cardiovascular Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL), Asthma/COPD Awareness Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref [TR]), and Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Results: The results from the study show that the number of coronary artery disease risk factors measured significantly higher among the smoker group members when compared to that of the non-smoker group members (p=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower %6MWT distance than non-smokers (84.83±4.72 and 93.45±7.16, respectively; p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the smokers and non-smokers in terms of physical activity, CARRF-KL, HLQ, WHOQoL-Bref, and HPLP-II subscales or total scores (p>0.05). Additionally, while only forty-one smokers (57.7%) were active, 48 of the non-smoker group was active (66.7%). Conclusion: Smokers suffer greater negative effects to their exercise capacity in comparison to non-smokers. Although smokers and non-smokers have similar levels of health literacy and similar levels of knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors and obstructive lung diseases, health professionals could continue to further increase individuals' awareness of smoking-related risk factors and continue to emphasize the importance of physical activity and exercise for protecting cardiopulmonary health.

Keywords

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