Journal of Ginseng Research

  • 제45권3호
  • /
  • Pages.433-441
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  • 2021
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  • 1226-8453(pISSN)
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  • 2093-4947(eISSN)
고려인삼학회 (The Korean Society of Ginseng)
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Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract inhibits blood-brain barrier disruption in an animal model of multiple sclerosis by modulating expression of NADPH oxidase 2 and 4

  • Lee, Min Jung (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Jong Hee (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Oh, Jinhee (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Young Hyun (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • In, Jun-Gyo (Laboratory of Analysis R&D Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Corporation) ;
  • Chang, Byung-Joon (Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Nah, Seung-Yeol (Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center) ;
  • Cho, Ik-Hyun (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
  • 투고 : 2019.07.09
  • 심사 : 2020.09.08
  • 발행 : 2021.05.01
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초록

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are primarily characterized as dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ginsenoside-Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-KRGE) is known to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects on neurological disorders. However, effects of Rg3-KRGE in EAE remain unclear. Methods: Here, we investigated whether Rg3-KRGE may improve the symptoms and pathological features of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide - induced chronic EAE mice through improving the integrity of the BBB. Results: Rg3-KRGE decreased EAE score and spinal demyelination. Rg3-KRGE inhibited Evan's blue dye leakage in spinal cord, suppressed increases of adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, extracellular matrix proteins fibronection, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, and prevented decreases of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE repressed increases of proinflammatory transcripts cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced expression levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase-1 and IL-10 in the spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE inhibited the expression of oxidative stress markers (MitoSOX and 4-hydroxynonenal), the enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4, and NADPH activity in the spinal cord of chronic EAE mice. Furthermore, apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, mimicked beneficial effects of Rg3-KRGE in chronic EAE mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rg3-KRGE might alleviate behavioral symptoms and pathological features of MS by improving BBB integrity through modulation of NOX2/4 expression.

키워드

과제정보

This study was supported by grants from the Korean Society of Ginseng (2015), Republic of Korea.

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