Natural Product Sciences

The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy (한국생약학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ethno-Pharmacological Profile of Corallium Rubrum L., an Important Marine Drug, in the Unani System of Medicine

  • Anas, Mohd (D/o Ilmul Advia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD)) ;
  • Zakir, Mohammad (D/o Ilmul Advia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD)) ;
  • Maseehullah, MD (D/o Ilmul Advia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD)) ;
  • Kazmi, Munawwar Husain (D/o Ilmul Advia, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD))
  • Received : 2021.03.24
  • Accepted : 2021.06.05
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Since ancient times, various herbal medicines have been used in folk medicine to treat a variety of diseases. While the majority of drugs belong to the Kingdom of Plantae, some drugs from the Kingdom of Animalia are listed in various Materia medica of alternative medicines. Animal-derived drugs are mentioned in the Unani system of Medicine (USM) and have been used successfully to treat a variety of diseases. Marjān (Corallium rubrum) is a vital marine drug of animal origin that has been used in USM since ancient times and continues to be used today. It possesses a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties, including tonic effects on the heart, brain, stomach, and eyes, pregnancy protection, expectorant, and hemostyptic properties. It is used to treat hemoptysis, palpitation, bleeding piles, hemiplegia, heart failure, and general weakness. It is also an ingredient in a variety of Unani formulations with pharmacological significance. Unani physicians expanded the uses of Marjan and successfully used it to treat a variety of new diseases. There is a dearth of scientific research on its pharmacological and medicinal properties. The urgent need is to validate the Unani claims about its beneficial cardiac and nervine actions, as well as other significant actions mentioned in the Unani literature.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Director-General, CCRUM, New Delhi, for providing all facilities.

References

  1. Ghani, N. M. Khazainul Advia; Idara Kitabus Shifa: New Delhi, 2004, pp 1281-1283.
  2. Tsounis, G.; Rossi, S.; Gili, J. M.; Arntz, W. Mar. Biol. 2016, 149, 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0302-8
  3. Grillo, M. C.; Goldberg, W. M.; Allemand, D. Mar. Biol. 1993, 117, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346433
  4. Kipson, S.; Fourt, M.; Teixido', N.; Cebrian, E.; Casas, E.; Ballesteros, E.; Zabala, M.; Garrabou, J. PLoS one 2011, 6, e27103. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027103
  5. Cvejic, J.; Tambutte, S.; Lotto, S.; Mikov, M.; Slacanin, I.; Allemand, D. Mar. Biol. 2007, 152, 855-862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0738-5
  6. Almeida, M. T. R.; Moritz, M. I. G.; Capel, K. C. C.; Perez, C. D.; Schenkel, E. P. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2014, 24, 446-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.05.002
  7. Bramanti, L.; Vielmini, I.; Rossi, S.; Tsounis, G.; Iannelli, M.; CattaneoVietti, R.; Priori, C.; Santangelo, G. Mar. Biol. 2014, 161, 1015-1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2383-5
  8. Ponti, M.; Perlini, R. A.; Ventra, V.; Grech, D.; Abbiati, M.; Cerrano, C. PLoS One 2014, 9, e102782. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102782
  9. Tsounis, G.; Rossi, S.; Grigg, R. W.; Santangelo, G.; Bramanti, L.; Gili, J. M. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 2010, 48, 161-212.
  10. Fan, L. in Corals in a Changing World: Precious Coral Chapter; Carmenza Duque Ed; Intech Open; United Kingdom, 2018, pp 51-72.
  11. Ledoux, J. B.; Garrabou, J.; Bianchimani, O.; Drap, P.; Feral, J. P.; Aurelle, D. Mol. Ecol. 2010, 19, 4204-4216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04814.x
  12. McLaughlin, R. The Roman Empire and Indian Ocean: The ancient world economy and the kingdoms of Africa, Arabia, and India; Pen & Sward Books Ltd: South Yorkshire, 2014, pp 142, 152-5, 165, 175, 187, 199, 209.
  13. Weinbauer, M.; Brandstatter, F.; Velimirov, B. Mar. Biol. 2000, 137, 801-809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270000432
  14. Allemand, D.; Cuif, J. P.; Watabe, N.; Oishi, M.; Kawaguchi, T. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. (Monaco), 1994, 129-139.
  15. Beltran, C. D.; Camacho, E. T. Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Corals in a Changing World: in Corals in a Changing World; Carmenza Duque Ed; Intech Open: United Kingdom, 2018, pp 3-5.
  16. Rathinam, R.; Moonandi, M. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2014, 5, 367-371. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.05376
  17. Hooper, D.; Henry, H. Dahlgren, B. E. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq: volume ix; Field Museum of Natural History: USA, 1937, p 194.
  18. Nadkarni, K. M. Indian Materia Medica: Vol. 2; Popular Prakashan: India, 2010, pp 156-157.
  19. Vielzeuf, D.; Garrabou, J.; Baronnet, A.; Grauby, O.; Marschal, C. Am. Mineral. 2008, 93, 1799-1815. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2923
  20. Bracco, S.; Fumagalli, P.; Fusi, P.; Santambrogio, C.; Rolandi, V.; Brajkovic, A. Period. di Mineral. 2016, 85, 83-93.
  21. Vielzeuf, D.; Garrabou, J.; Gagnon, A.; Ricolleau, A.; Adkins, J.; Gunther, D.; Hametner, K.; Devidal, J. L.; Reusser, E.; Perrin, J.; Floquet, N. Chem. Geol. 2013, 355, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.008
  22. Pliny the Elder. The Natural History, eds Bostock, J.; Riley, H. T. 1855. (The Perseus Digital Library). Available at www.perseus.tufts.edu. Accessed November 14, 2013.
  23. Lev, E. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2006, 2, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-11
  24. Lev, E. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 85, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00377-X
  25. Lavekar, G. S. Inventory of animal products used in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Vol 2; CCRAS: India, 2008, pp 463-470.
  26. Vohora, S. B.; Khan, S. Y. Animals origin drugs used in Unani medicine; Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd: India, 2013, pp 46-47.
  27. Khan A. Muheet-i Azam(Urdu translation) Volume 4, 1st ed; CCRUM: India, 2013, p 569.
  28. Baiytar, I. Jamiul Mufradat al-Advia wal-Aghzia Vol 1; CCRUM: India, 2000, pp 136-137.
  29. NIIR Board of consultants and engineers. Handbook on Unani medicine with formulae, processes, uses, and analysis; Asia pacific business press Inc: New Delhi, 2003, pp 549-550.
  30. Baghdadi, A. I. H. Kitab al-Mukhtarat fi'l Tibb(Urdu translation) Vol2, 1st ed; CCRUM: India, 2005, pp 349-352.
  31. Kabiruddin, H. M. Makhzan ul-Mufradat; Faisal publication: India, 2000, pp 535-537.
  32. Shareef, A. U. Kitabul Advia al Mufradat Shareef; Best Printers and Publisher: India, 2012, pp 536-537.
  33. Hakeem, H. M. A. Bustan al-Mufradat Jadid; Idara Kitab-ul-Shifa: New Delhi, 2002, pp 567-568.
  34. Hakim, M. A. Mufradat e Azeezi; CCRUM: India, 2009, pp 33, 116.
  35. NFUM-I. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-I 1st; Reprint Edn: India, 2006, pp 20,32,37,44,59,60,69,72,127,129, 132,146,147,149,151,152.
  36. NFUM-II. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-II, Vol. I; CCRUM: India, 2007, pp 59,61,72,126.
  37. NFUM-III. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-III; CCRUM: India, 2001, pp 14,43,44,66,94,97.
  38. NFUM-V. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-V; CCRUM: India, 2008, pp 45, 56,92,108-110,149.
  39. NFUM-VI. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-VI; CCRUM: India, 2011, pp 32,35,49,63,67.
  40. NFUM-IV. National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-IV; CCRUM: India, 2006, p 25.
  41. Thanigavelan, V.; Rajamanickam, G. V.; Kaliyamurthi, V.; Lakshmanakumar, V.; Sasikala, N.; Thirunavukkarasu, S. V. Pharmacologyonline 2011, 1, 613-624.
  42. Reddy, P. N.; Lakshmana, M.; Udupa, U. V. Pharmacol. Res. 2003, 48, 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-6618(03)00224-X
  43. Banu, J.; Varela, E.; Guerra, J. M.; Halade, G.; Williams, P. J.; Bahadur, A. N.; Hanaoka, K.; Fernandes, G. Nutr. Res. 2012, 32, 965-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.009
  44. Marita, A. R.; Shanmugasundaram, K. R. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 1988, 20, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6989(88)80085-7
  45. Velpandian. V.; Anbu, J.; Prema, S. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 2013, 4, 829-839.
  46. Tiwari, H. S.; Patgiri, B.; Prajapati, P. K. J. Res. Ayur. Sci. 2008, 29, 123-128.
  47. Velpandian, V.; Pitchiahkumar, M.; Gnanavel, I. S.; Anbu, N.; Abdul Kadher, A. M. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2013, 4, 152-157. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04430
  48. Ibn Sina, S. R. A. H. A. Al-Qanun fi'lTibb(Urdu translation); Idara Kitabul Shifa: New Delhi, 2014, p 328.
  49. Jurjani, S. I. H. Dhakhira Khawarizm Shahi; Idara Kitabul Shifa: New Delhi, 2008, pp 540-541.
  50. Qarshi, A. A. I. N. Ifada-i-Kabir(urdu translation); Aijaz Publishing House: New Delhi, 2014, pp 575-579.
  51. Ibn, Rushd. Kitabul Kulliyat(Urdu translation); CCRUM: India, 1987, pp 66-67.
  52. Qureshi, E. H. Muqaddama Ilmul-Advia; Aijaz Publishing House: New Delhi, 1995, pp 32-35.