Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who have directly or indirectly aid me in completing this thesis. First and foremost, I would like to express my utmost gratitude and appreciation to my dissertation supervisors Datuk Mr. (Dr.) Pulivendhan Sellamuthu (Head of Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah) and Mr. (Dr.) Regunath Kandasamy (Consultant Neurosurgeon, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan). Their motivation, patience, continuous guidance, and encouragement has brought me towards completing this work. I also would like to take this opportunity to thank the founder of the Neurosurgical Residency training Programme in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Professor Dato' Mr. (Dr.) Jafri Malin Abdullah and Head of Neurosciences Department, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Professor Mr. (Dr.) Zamzuri Idris. Their advices, guidance, and encouragement are invaluable. Special thanks to Miss. Su Lan of Clinical Research Centre Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu for their help and guidance in statistics and analysis and Mr (Dr.) Arshad Ali for his contribution towards my thesis. Heartful thanks also expressed to fellow doctor colleagues, especially Dr. Vidya Pillai and Dr. Nishanti Apporrow and nursing staff in the department of neurosurgery in Queen Elizabeth Hospital for their support and help in data collection. I also would like to thank everyone whose name were not mentioned here but has aid, guided, and lent hand in the success of this study. Lastly a special thanks to my wife, Dr. Thivashini for her continuous support to me.
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