참고문헌
- Akazawa T, Kotani T, Sakuma T, Minami S, Orita S, Fujimoto K, et al. : Spinal fusion on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with the level of L4 or lower can increase lumbar disc degeneration with sagittal imbalance 35 years after surgery. Spine Surg Relat Res 1 : 72-77, 2017 https://doi.org/10.22603/ssrr.1.2016-0017
- Bennett JT, Hoashi JS, Ames RJ, Kimball JS, Pahys JM, Samdani AF : The posterior pedicle screw construct: 5-year results for thoracolumbar and lumbar curves. J Neurosurg Spine 19 : 658-663, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.SPINE12816
- Chang DG, Yang JH, Suk SI, Suh SW, Kim YH, Cho W, et al. : Importance of distal fusion level in major thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by rod derotation and direct vertebral rotation following pedicle screw instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42 : E890-E898, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001998
- Chang KW, Leng X, Zhao W, Chen YY, Chen TC, Chang KI : Broader curve criteria for selective thoracic fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 : 1658-1664, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318215fa73
- Cil A, Pekmezci M, Yazici M, Alanay A, Acaroglu RE, Deviren V, et al. : The validity of Lenke criteria for defining structural proximal thoracic curves in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 30 : 2550-2555, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000186579.74398.15
- Crawford CH 3rd, Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards BS 3rd, Emans JB, Vitale MG, et al. : Selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1C curves: prevalence and criteria. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38 : 1380-1385, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182987360
- Daher MT, Melo NC, Nascimento VN, Felisbino Jr P, AraUJo BCR, Daher S, et al. : What is the best distal level of arthrodesis in lumbar fusion in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: L3 or L4? Coluna/Columna 18 : 200-204, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120191803197205
- Ding R, Liang J, Qiu G, Shen J, Li Z : Evaluation of quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with different distal fusion level: a comparison of L3 versus L4. J Spinal Disord Tech 27 : E155-E161, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000000073
- Elfiky TA, Samartzis D, Cheung WY, Wong YW, Luk KD, Cheung KM : The proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: surgical strategy and management outcomes. Global Spine J 1 : 27-36, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1296054
- Fischer CR, Kim Y : Selective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of current operative strategy. Eur Spine J 20 : 1048-1057, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-1730-9
- Fischer CR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Gupta M, Kim YJ : Optimal lowest instrumented vertebra for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform 6 : 250-256, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2017.10.002
- Fruergaard S, Ohrt-Nissen S, Dahl B, Kaltoft N, Gehrchen M : Neural axis abnormalities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: is routine magnetic resonance imaging indicated irrespective of curve severity? Neurospine 16 : 339-346, 2019 https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836154.077
- Gomez JA, Matsumoto H, Colacchio ND, Roye DP Jr, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, et al. : Risk factors for coronal decompensation after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform 2 : 380-385, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2014.05.001
- Goshi K, Boachie-Adjei O, Moore C, Nishiyama M : Thoracic scoliosis fusion in adolescent and adult idiopathic scoliosis using posterior translational corrective techniques (Isola): is maximum correction of the thoracic curve detrimental to the unfused lumbar curve? Spine J 4 : 192-201, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2003.08.025
- Harrington PR : Treatment of scoliosis. Correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 44-A : 591-610, 1962 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-196244040-00001
- Hwang CJ, Lee CS, Kim H, Lee DH, Cho JH : Spontaneous correction of coronal imbalance after selective thoracolumbar-lumbar fusion in patients with Lenke-5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 18 : 1822-1828, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2018.03.013
- Hyun SJ, Lenke LG, Cerpa M, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Koester LA, et al. : Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by posterior spinal segmental instrumented fusion: when is fusion to L3 stable? 22th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, 2015; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Paper#41
- Hyun SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Koester LA, Blanke K : The prevalence of adding-on or distal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by anterior spinal fusion to L3 was significantly higher than by posterior spinal fusion to L3. SRS 53th Annual Meeting & Course, 2018; Bologna, Italy. #108
- Ilharreborde B, Even J, Lefevre Y, Fitoussi F, Presedo A, Souchet P, et al. : How to determine the upper level of instrumentation in Lenke types 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study of 132 patients. J Pediatr Orthop 28 : 733-739, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e318185a36b
- Ilharreborde B, Ferrero E, Angelliaume A, Lefevre Y, Accadbled F, Simon AL, et al. : Selective versus hyperselective posterior fusions in Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison of radiological and clinical outcomes. Eur Spine J 26 : 1739-1747, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5070-2
- Ishikawa M, Cao K, Pang L, Fujita N, Yagi M, Hosogane N, et al. : Onset and remodeling of coronal imbalance after selective posterior thoracic fusion for Lenke 1C and 2C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (a pilot study). Scoliosis Spinal Disord 12 : 16, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-017-0123-1
- Joshi RS, Haddad AF, Lau D, Ames CP : Artificial intelligence for adult spinal deformity. Neurospine 16 : 686-694, 2019 https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938414.207
- Karami M, Maleki A, Mazda K : Assessment of coronal radiographic parameters of the spine in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Arch Bone Jt Surg 4 : 376-380, 2016
- Kim SS, Lim DJ, Kim JH, Kim JW, Um KS, Ahn SH, et al. : Determination of the distal fusion level in the management of thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using pedicle screw instrumentation. Asian Spine J 8 : 804-812, 2014 https://doi.org/10.4184/asj.2014.8.6.804
- Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim J, Cho SK : Proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 30 : 2045-2050, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000179084.45839.ad
- Kim YJ, Hyun SJ, Cheh G, Cho SK, Rhim SC : Decision making algorithm for adult spinal deformity surgery. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 59 : 327-333, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2016.59.4.327
- King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Winter RB : The selection of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65 : 1302-1313, 1983 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198365090-00012
- Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Won DS, Graham EJ, Sweet FA, Betz RR, et al. : Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction after isolated fusion of the main thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 26 : 1966-1975, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200109150-00006
- Lee CK, Denis F, Winter RB, Lonstein JE : Analysis of the upper thoracic curve in surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis. A new concept of the double thoracic curve pattern. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 18 : 1599-1608, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199309000-00006
- Lee CS, Ha JK, Hwang CJ, Lee DH, Kim TH, Cho JH : Is it enough to stop distal fusion at L3 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves? Eur Spine J 25 : 3256-3264, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4373-4
- Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG, et al. : Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83 : 1169-1181, 2001 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200108000-00006
- Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, O'Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K : Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 19 : 1589-1597, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199407001-00007
- Lenke LG, Edwards CC 2nd, Bridwell KH : The Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: how it organizes curve patterns as a template to perform selective fusions of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28 : S199-S207, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000092216.16155.33
- Liu Z, Guo J, Zhu Z, Qian B, Sun X, Xu L, et al. : Role of the upper and lowest instrumented vertebrae in predicting the postoperative coronal balance in Lenke 5C patients after selective posterior fusion. Eur Spine J 22 : 2392-2398, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2808-3
- Matsumoto M, Watanabe K, Hosogane N, Kawakami N, Tsuji T, Uno K, et al. : Postoperative distal adding-on and related factors in Lenke type 1A curve. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38 : 737-744, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318279b666
- Moe JH : A critical analysis of methods of fusion for scoliosis; an evaluation in two hundred and sixty-six patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 40-A : 529-554 passim, 1958
- Nash CL, Moe JH : A study of vertebral rotation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 51 : 223-229, 1969 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-196951020-00002
- Newton PO, Faro FD, Lenke LG, Betz RR, Clements DH, Lowe TG, et al. : Factors involved in the decision to perform a selective versus nonselective fusion of Lenke 1B and 1C (King-Moe II) curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28 : S217-S223, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000092461.11181.CD
- Okada E, Watanabe K, Pang L, Ogura Y, Takahashi Y, Hosogane N, et al. : Posterior correction and fusion surgery using pedicle-screw constructs for Lenke type 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a preliminary report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40 : 25-30, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000000652
- Parisini P, Di Silvestre M, Lolli F, Bakaloudis G : Selective thoracic surgery in the Lenke type 1A: king III and king IV type curves. Eur Spine J 18 Suppl 1 : 82-88, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-009-0990-0
- Pham MH, Cerpa M, Makhni MC, Sielatycki JA, Lenke LG : Neurologic deficit during halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe thoracic kyphoscoliotic spinal deformity. Neurospine 17 : 461-465, 2020 https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938212.106
- Qin X, He Z, Yin R, Qiu Y, Zhu Z : Selecting the last substantially touching vertebra as lowest instrumented vertebra in Lenke type 2A-R and 2A-L curves. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 45 : 309-318, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000003254
- Ries Z, Harpole B, Graves C, Gnanapragasam G, Larson N, Weintstein S, et al. : Selective thoracic fusion of Lenke I and II curves affects sagittal profiles but not sagittal or spinopelvic alignment: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40 : 926-934, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000000861
- Sanders AE, Baumann R, Brown H, Johnston CE 2nd, Lenke LG, Sink E : Selective anterior fusion of thoracolumbar/lumbar curves in adolescents: when can the associated thoracic curve be left unfused? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28 : 706-713; discussion 714, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000051925.88443.85
- Sarlak AY, Atmaca H, Kim WJ, Musaoglu R, Tosun B : Radiographic features of the Lenke 1A curves to help to determine the optimum distal fusion level selection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 : 1592-1599, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f54f7f
- Shen M, Li N, Luo M, Xu G, Wang W, Wang L : Comparison of SV and LSTV as the lowest instrumented vertebra in Lenke 1A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: SV decreasing the distal adding-on phenomenon. Int J Clin Exp Med 11 : 9520-9527, 2018
- Shufflebarger HL, Geck MJ, Clark CE : The posterior approach for lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: posterior shortening and pedicle screws. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29 : 269-276; discussion 276, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000109881.63411.48
- Sudo H, Kaneda K, Shono Y, Iwasaki N : Selection of the upper vertebra to be instrumented in the treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by anterior correction and fusion surgery using dual-rod instrumentation: a minimum 12-year follow-up study. Spine J 16 : 281-287, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.021
- Suk SI, Kim WJ, Lee CS, Lee SM, Kim JH, Chung ER, et al. : Indications of proximal thoracic curve fusion in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: recognition and treatment of double thoracic curve pattern in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with segmental instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25 : 2342-2349, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200009150-00012
- Suk SI, Lee SM, Chung ER, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Sohn HM : Determination of distal fusion level with segmental pedicle screw fixation in single thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28 : 484-491, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000048653.75549.40
- Sun Z, Qiu G, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen J : Lowest instrumented vertebrae selection for selective posterior fusion of moderate thoracolumbar/lumbar idiopathic scoliosis: lower-end vertebra or lower-end vertebra+1? Eur Spine J 23 : 1251-1257, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3276-0
- Takahashi J, Newton PO, Ugrinow VL, Bastrom TP : Selective thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: factors influencing the selection of the optimal lowest instrumented vertebra. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 : 1131-1141, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182053d19
- Thompson JP, Transfeldt EE, Bradford DS, Ogilvie JW, Boachie-Adjei O : Decompensation after Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 15 : 927-931, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199009000-00017
- Trobisch PD, Ducoffe AR, Lonner BS, Errico TJ : Choosing fusion levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 21 : 519-528, 2013 https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-21-09-519
- Wang T, Xu JG, Zeng BF : Selective fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 121 : 1456-1461, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200808010-00022
- Wang Y, Hansen ES, Hoy K, Wu C, Bunger CE : Distal adding-on phenomenon in Lenke 1A scoliosis: risk factor identification and treatment strategy comparison. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 : 1113-1122, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f51e95
- Ward WT, Friel NA, Kenkre TS, Brooks MM, Londino JA, Roach JW : SRS-22r scores in nonoperated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with curves greater than forty degrees. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42 : 1233-1240, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002004
- Watanabe K, Aoki Y, Matsumoto M : An application of artificial intelligence to diagnostic imaging of spine disease: estimating spinal alignment from moire images. Neurospine 16 : 697-702, 2019 https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938426.213
- Winter RB, Lonstein JE, Denis F : How much correction is enough? Spine 32: 2641-2643, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5207
- Wui SH, Hyun SJ, Kang B, Kim KJ, Jahng TA, Kim HJ : Bicortical screw purchase at upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) can cause UIV fracture after adult spinal deformity surgery: a finite element analysis study. Neurospine 17 : 377-383, 2020 https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938100.050
- Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang C, He S, Li M : Prediction of postoperative trunk imbalance after posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop B 20 : 199-208, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0b013e328344e727
피인용 문헌
- The Incidence of Adding-On or Distal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated by Anterior Spinal Fusion to L3 Was Significantly Higher Than by Posterior Spinal Fusion to L3 vol.18, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142182.091
- Regional Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: Can It Be a Standard in the Future? vol.18, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142584.292