참고문헌
- Koelling TM, Aaronson KD, Cody RJ, Bach DS, Armstrong WF. Prognostic significance of mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Am Heart J 2002;144:524-529 https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2002.123575
- Nath J, Foster E, Heidenreich PA. Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on long-term survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:405-409 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.036
- Kuriyama K, Gamsu G, Stern RG, Cann CE, Herfkens RJ, Brundage BH. CT-determined pulmonary artery diameters in predicting pulmonary hypertension. Invest Radiol 1984;19:16-22 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198401000-00005
- Raman SV, Shah M, McCarthy B, Garcia A, Ferketich AK. Multi-detector row cardiac computed tomography accurately quantifies right and left ventricular size and function compared with cardiac magnetic resonance. Am Heart J 2006;151:736-744 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.029
- Saremi F, Hassani C, Millan-Nunez V, Sanchez-Quintana D. Imaging evaluation of tricuspid valve: analysis of morphology and function with CT and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;204:W531-W542 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.13551
- Anderson RH, Ho SY, Becker AE. Anatomy of the human atrioventricular junctions revisited. Anat Rec 2000;260:81-91 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0185(20000901)260:1<81::AID-AR90>3.0.CO;2-3
- Dahou A, Levin D, Reisman M, Hahn RT. Anatomy and physiology of the tricuspid valve. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;12:458-468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.032
- Fukuda S, Saracino G, Matsumura Y, Daimon M, Tran H, Greenberg NL, et al. Three-dimensional geometry of the tricuspid annulus in healthy subjects and in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation: a real-time, 3-dimensional echocardiographic study. Circulation 2006;114:I492-I498
- Kwan J, Kim GC, Jeon MJ, Kim DH, Shiota T, Thomas JD, et al. 3D geometry of a normal tricuspid annulus during systole: a comparison study with the mitral annulus using real-time 3D echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2007;8:375-383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2006.07.010
- Faletra FF, Leo LA, Paiocchi VL, Schlossbauer SA, Borruso MG, Pedrazzini G, et al. Imaging-based tricuspid valve anatomy by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, two and three-dimensional echocardiography: correlation with anatomic specimen. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;20:1-13 https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jey136
- Saremi F, Hassani C, Sanchez-Quintana D. Septal atrioventricular junction region: comprehensive imaging in adults. Radiographics 2016;36:1966-1986 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2016160010
- Saremi F, Sanchez-Quintana D, Mori S, Muresian H, Spicer DE, Hassani C, et al. Fibrous skeleton of the heart: anatomic overview and evaluation of pathologic conditions with CT and MR imaging. Radiographics 2017;37:1330-1351 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017170004
- Asmarats L, Puri R, Latib A, Navia JL, Rodes-Cabau J. Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions: landscape, challenges, and future directions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:2935-2956 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.031
- Dreyfus GD, Martin RP, Chan KM, Dulguerov F, Alexandrescu C. Functional tricuspid regurgitation: a need to revise our understanding. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2331-2336 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.011
- Johnson PT, Pannu HK, Fishman EK. IV contrast infusion for coronary artery CT angiography: literature review and results of a nationwide survey. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;192:W214-W221 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.08.1347
- Saremi F, Kang J, Rahmanuddin S, Shavelle D. Assessment of post-atrial switch baffle integrity using a modified dual extremity injection cardiac computed tomography angiography technique. Int J Cardiol 2013;162:e25-e27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.006
- Khalique OK, Cavalcante JL, Shah D, Guta AC, Zhan Y, Piazza N, et al. Multimodality imaging of the tricuspid valve and right heart anatomy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;12:516-531 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.006
- Shah S, Jenkins T, Markowitz A, Gilkeson R, Rajiah P. Multimodal imaging of the tricuspid valve: normal appearance and pathological entities. Insights Imaging 2016;7:649-667 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0504-7
- Machida H, Tanaka I, Fukui R, Shen Y, Ishikawa T, Tate E, et al. Current and novel imaging techniques in coronary CT. Radiographics 2015;35:991-1010 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2015140181
- Kang EJ. Clinical applications of wide-detector CT scanners for cardiothoracic imaging: an update. Korean J Radiol 2019;20:1583-1596
- Naoum C, Blanke P, Leipsic J. Iterative reconstruction in cardiac CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2015;9:255-263 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2015.04.004
- Habets J, Symersky P, de Mol BA, Mali WP, Leiner T, Budde RP. A novel iterative reconstruction algorithm allows reduced dose multidetector-row CT imaging of mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;28:1567-1575 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-011-9954-7
- Tei C, Pilgrim JP, Shah PM, Ormiston JA, Wong M. The tricuspid valve annulus: study of size and motion in normal subjects and in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 1982;66:665-671 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.66.3.665
- Dwivedi G, Mahadevan G, Jimenez D, Frenneaux M, Steeds RP. Reference values for mitral and tricuspid annular dimensions using two-dimensional echocardiography. Echo Res Pract 2014;1:43-50 https://doi.org/10.1530/ERP-14-0050
- Badano LP, Muraru D, Enriquez-Sarano M. Assessment of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1875-1885 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs474
- Ton-Nu TT, Levine RA, Handschumacher MD, Dorer DJ, Yosefy C, Fan D, et al. Geometric determinants of functional tricuspid regurgitation: insights from 3-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 2006;114:143-149 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.611889
- Dupont MV, Dragean CA, Coche EE. Right ventricle function assessment by MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;196:77-86 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3801
- Castaner E, Gallardo X, Ballesteros E, Andreu M, Pallardo Y, Mata JM, et al. CT diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Radiographics 2009;29:31-50 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.291085061
- Kawel-Boehm N, Maceira A, Valsangiacomo-Buechel ER, Vogel-Claussen J, Turkbey EB, Williams R, et al. Normal values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults and children. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015;17:29
- Stojanovska J, Prasitdumrong H, Patel S, Sundaram B, Gross BH, Yilmaz ZN, et al. Reference absolute and indexed values for left and right ventricular volume, function and mass from cardiac computed tomography. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014;58:547-558 https://doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.12186
- Rana BS, Robinson S, Francis R, Toshner M, Swaans MJ, Agarwal S, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation and the right ventricle in risk stratification and timing of intervention. Echo Res Pract 2019;6:R25-R39
- Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA, Bremerich J, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, et al. Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) board of trustees task force on standardized post processing. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020;22:19
- Foppa M, Arora G, Gona P, Ashrafi A, Salton CJ, Yeon SB, et al. Right ventricular volumes and systolic function by cardiac magnetic resonance and the impact of sex, age, and obesity in a longitudinally followed cohort free of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:e003810
- Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:303-371 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007
- Hahn RT, Thomas JD, Khalique OK, Cavalcante JL, Praz F, Zoghbi WA. Imaging assessment of tricuspid regurgitation severity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;12:469-490 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.033
- Kabasawa M, Kohno H, Ishizaka T, Ishida K, Funabashi N, Kataoka A, et al. Assessment of functional tricuspid regurgitation using 320-detector-row multislice computed tomography: risk factor analysis for recurrent regurgitation after tricuspid annuloplasty. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:312-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.017
- Kim H, Kim IC, Yoon HJ, Park HS, Cho YK, Nam CW, et al. Prognostic usefulness of tricuspid annular diameter for cardiovascular events in patients with tricuspid regurgitation of moderate to severe degree. Am J Cardiol 2018;121:1343-1350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.02.013
- Fukuda S, Song JM, Gillinov AM, McCarthy PM, Daimon M, Kongsaerepong V, et al. Tricuspid valve tethering predicts residual tricuspid regurgitation after tricuspid annuloplasty. Circulation 2005;111:975-979 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000156449.49998.51
- Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Flamm SD, Kim RJ, Nagel E. Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols: 2020 update. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020;22:17
- Lee JW, Hur JH, Yang DH, Lee BY, Im DJ, Hong SJ, et al. Guidelines for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging from the Korean Society of Cardiovascular Imaging-Part 2: interpretation of cine, flow, and angiography data. Korean J Radiol 2019;20:1477-1490
- Suzuki J, Caputo GR, Kondo C, Higgins CB. Cine MR imaging of valvular heart disease: display and imaging parameters affect the size of the signal void caused by valvular regurgitation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990;155:723-727 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.155.4.2119099
- Jun H, Park EA, Bahn YE, Lee W, Kim HK, Chung JW. Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation using two-dimensional velocity encoding cine: optimal plane and reproducibility. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;31:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-015-0715-x
- Fender EA, Zack CJ, Nishimura RA. Isolated tricuspid regurgitation: outcomes and therapeutic interventions. Heart 2018;104:798-806
- Rodes-Cabau J, Taramasso M, O'Gara PT. Diagnosis and treatment of tricuspid valve disease: current and future perspectives. Lancet 2016;388:2431-2442 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00740-6
- Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2017;38:2739-2791 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391
- Rodes-Cabau J, Hahn RT, Latib A, Laule M, Lauten A, Maisano F, et al. Transcatheter therapies for treating tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:1829-1845
- Wang DD, Lee JC, O'Neill BP, O'Neill WW. Multimodality imaging of the tricuspid valve for assessment and guidance of transcatheter repair. Interv Cardiol Clin 2018;7:379-386
- van Rosendael PJ, Kamperidis V, Kong WK, van Rosendael AR, van der Kley F, Ajmone Marsan N, et al. Computed tomography for planning transcatheter tricuspid valve therapy. Eur Heart J 2017;38:665-674
- Zaghloul A, Iorgoveanu C, Desai A, Silkowski M, Balakumaran K. Prosthetic tricuspid valve thrombosis. Cureus 2018;10:e2928
- Rizzoli G, Vendramin I, Nesseris G, Bottio T, Guglielmi C, Schiavon L. Biological or mechanical prostheses in tricuspid position? A meta-analysis of intra-institutional results. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:1607-1614 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.10.015
- Butany J, Ahluwalia MS, Munroe C, Fayet C, Ahn C, Blit P, et al. Mechanical heart valve prostheses: identification and evaluation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2003;12:322-344 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-8807(03)00105-4
- Puri R, Auffret V, Rodes-Cabau J. Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:2193-2211
- Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, Foster E, Gottdiener JS, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22:975-1014
- Teshima H, Hayashida N, Fukunaga S, Tayama E, Kawara T, Aoyagi S, et al. Usefulness of a multidetector-row computed tomography scanner for detecting pannus formation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:523-526 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01531-5
- Habets J, Symersky P, van Herwerden LA, de Mol BA, Spijkerboer AM, Mali WP, et al. Prosthetic heart valve assessment with multidetector-row CT: imaging characteristics of 91 valves in 83 patients. Eur Radiol 2011;21:1390-1396 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2068-8
- Salamon J, Munoz-Mendoza J, Liebelt JJ, Taub CC. Mechanical valve obstruction: review of diagnostic and treatment strategies. World J Cardiol 2015;7:875-881 https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i12.875
- Teshima H, Hayashida N, Yano H, Nishimi M, Tayama E, Fukunaga S, et al. Obstruction of St Jude Medical valves in the aortic position: histology and immunohistochemistry of pannus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:401-407 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(03)00702-5
- Deviri E, Sareli P, Wisenbaugh T, Cronje SL. Obstruction of mechanical heart valve prostheses: clinical aspects and surgical management. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:646-650 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80178-0
- Tanis W, Habets J, van den Brink RB, Symersky P, Budde RP, Chamuleau SA. Differentiation of thrombus from pannus as the cause of acquired mechanical prosthetic heart valve obstruction by non-invasive imaging: a review of the literature. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;15:119-129
- Gunduz S, Ozkan M, Kalcik M, Gursoy OM, Astarcioglu MA, Karakoyun S, et al. Sixty-four-section cardiac computed tomography in mechanical prosthetic heart valve dysfunction: thrombus or pannus. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:e003246
- Rajiah P, Moore A, Saboo S, Goerne H, Ranganath P, MacNamara J, et al. Multimodality imaging of complications of cardiac valve surgeries. Radiographics 2019;39:932-956 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019180177
- Chang S, Suh YJ, Han K, Kim JY, Kim YJ, Chang BC, et al. The clinical significance of perivalvular pannus in prosthetic mitral valves: can cardiac CT be helpful? Int J Cardiol 2017;249:344-348
- Lancellotti P, Pibarot P, Chambers J, Edvardsen T, Delgado V, Dulgheru R, et al. Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:589-590 https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jew025