Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제20권5호
  • /
  • Pages.495-512
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Multiple performance criteria-based risk assessment for structures equipped with MR dampers

  • 투고 : 2020.02.23
  • 심사 : 2021.04.13
  • 발행 : 2021.05.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this paper, a procedure to seismic risk assessment of structures equipped with magnetorheological (MR) damper considering multiple performance criteria has been presented while accounting for uncertainties of the applied excitation, structure and damper properties, and damage state thresholds. The procedure employes the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method to generate 30 sample random MR-Structure systems and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) has been conducted under 20 earthquakes to evaluate engineering demand parameters. Fragilities have been evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method in each intensity measure and have been integrated with the hazard curve to determine the reliability during lifetime. For numerical analysis, an eight-story nonlinear shear building with bilinear hysteresis behavior has been adopted. The effectiveness of the introduced methodology is illustrated through a seismic risk assessment of the structure equipped with passive-off and passive-on MR dampers. Numerical results have shown the capability of MR dampers in significant mitigation of the seismic risk of the nonlinear structure. Moreover, it is observed that considering multiple performance criteria of the structural system, non-structural components, and MR damper stroke length and the interaction between them has led to increase the seismic risk. Also, the uncertainty of the applied excitation shows more remarkable influence with respect to the other sources of uncertainties.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alqado, T.E. and Nikolakopoulos, G. (2016), "Posicast control of structures using MR dampers", Struct. Control Health Monit., 23(8), 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1832.
  2. Altieri, D., Tubaldi, E., De Angelis, M., Patelli, E. and Dall'Asta, A. (2018), "Reliability-based optimal design of nonlinear viscous dampers for the seismic protection of structural systems", B. Earthq. Eng., 16(2), 963-982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0233-4.
  3. ASCE/SEI 41-17. (2017), "Seismic evaluation and retrofit rehabilitation of existing buildings", https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784414859.
  4. ASCE/SEI 7-10. (2010), "Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures", https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412916.
  5. ASCE/SEI 7-16. (2017), "Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures", https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784414248.
  6. Bakhshinezhad, S. and Mohebbi, M. (2019a), "Multiple failure criteria-based fragility curves for structures equipped with SATMDs" Earthq. Struct., 17(5), 463-475. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.5.463.
  7. Bakhshinezhad, S. and Mohebbi, M. (2019b), "Fragility curves for structures equipped with optimal SATMDs" Int. J. Optim. Civil. Eng., 9(3), 437-455.
  8. Bakhshinezhad, S. and Mohebbi, M. (2020), "Multi-objective optimal design of semi-active fluid viscous dampers for nonlinear structures using NSGA-II", Struct., 24, 463-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.02.004.
  9. Bakhshinezhad, S. and Mohebbi, M. (2021), "Multiple failure function based fragility curves for structures equipped with TMD", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 20, 471-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-021-2032-9.
  10. Barnawi, W.T. (2008), "Seismic fragility relationships for civil structures retrofitted with semi-active devices", Master's thesis, Washington University, Missouri, United States of America.
  11. Barnawi, W.T. and Dyke, S.J. (2014), "Seismic fragility relationships of a cable-stayed bridge equipped with response modification systems", J. Bridge Eng., 19(8), A4013003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000468.
  12. Bathaei, A., Zahrai, S.M. and Ramezani, M. (2017), "Semi-active seismic control of an 11-DOF building model with TMD+MR damper using type-1 and -2 fuzzy algorithms", J. Vib. Control, 24(13), 2938-2953. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546317696369.
  13. Cardone, D., Perrone, G. and Piesco, V. (2019), "Developing collapse fragility curves for base-isolated buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 48(1), 78-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3126.
  14. Castaldo, P., Amendola, G. and Palazzo, B. (2017), "Seismic fragility and reliability of structures isolated by friction pendulum devices: seismic reliability-based design (SRBD)", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(3), 425-446. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2798.
  15. Cha, Y.J. and Bai, J.W. (2016), "Seismic fragility estimates of a moment-resisting frame building controlled by MR dampers using performance-based design", Eng. Struct., 116, 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.055.
  16. Cha, Y.J., Zhang, J., Agrawal, A.K. and Dong, B. (2013), "Comparative studies of semiactive control strategies for MR dampers: pure simulation and real-time hybrid tests", J. Struct. Eng., 139(7): 1237-1248. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000639.
  17. Cimellaro, G.P. and Reinhorn, A.M. (2011), "Multidimensional performance limit state for hazard fragility functions", J. Eng. Mech., 137(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000201.
  18. Cornell, C.A., Jalayer, F., Hamburger, R.O. and Foutch, D.A. (2002), "Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines", J. Struct. Eng., 128(4), 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526).
  19. Dall'Asta, A., Scozzese, F., Ragni, L. and Tubaldi, E. (2017), "Effect of the damper property variability on the seismic reliability of linear systems equipped with viscous dampers", B. Earthq. Eng., 15(11), 5025-5053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0169-8.
  20. De Risi, R., Goda, K. and Tesfamariam, S. (2019), "Multidimensional damage measure for seismic reliability analysis", Struct. Saf., 78, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2018.12.002.
  21. Ditlevsen, O. and Madsen, H.O. (1996), "Structural Reliability Methods", 1st Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  22. Dolsek, M. (2009), "Incremental dynamic analysis with consideration of modeling uncertainties", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(6), 805-825. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.869.
  23. Dyke, S.J., Spencer Jr, B.F., Sain, M.K. and Carlson, J.D. (1996), "Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers for seismic response reduction", Smart Mater. Struct., 5(5), 565-575. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/5/5/006.
  24. Eads, L., Miranda, E. and Lignos, D.G. (2015), "Average spectral acceleration as an intensity measure for collapse risk assessment", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(12), 2057-2073. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2575.
  25. El-Khoury, O., Kim, C., Shafieezadeh, A., Hur, J.E., Heo, G.H. (2018), "Mitigation of the seismic response of multi-span bridges using MR dampers: Experimental study of a new SMCbased controller", J. Sound Vib., 24(1), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546316633540.
  26. Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T.V., MacGregor, J.G. and Cornell, C.A. (1980), "Development of a probability-based load criterion for American national standard A58", National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
  27. EN 15129. (2010), "Anti-seismic devices", European Committee for Standardization.
  28. Favvata, M.J., Naoum, M.C. and Karayannis, C.G. (2013), "Limit states of RC structures with first floor irregularities", Struct. Eng. Mech., 47(6), 791-818. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.6.791.
  29. FEMA-355. (2000), "State of the art report on systems performance of steel moment frames subjected to earthquake ground shaking", The SAC joint venture for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  30. FEMA-356. (2000), "Prestandard and commentary for seismic rehabilitation of buildings", Washington DC: FEMA Publication 356.
  31. Field, E.H., Jordan, T.H. and Cornell, C.A. (2003), "OpenSHA: a developing community-modeling environment for seismic hazard analysis", Seismol. Res. Lett., 74(4), 406-419. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.74.4.406.
  32. Fu, W., Zhang, C., Li, M. and Duan, C. (2019), "Experimental investigation on semi-active control of base isolation system using magnetorheological dampers for concrete frame structure", Appl. Sci., 9(18), 3866. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183866.
  33. Ghaffari, A. and Mohammadi, R.K. (2019), "Comprehensive nonlinear seismic performance assessment of MR damper controlled system using virtual real-time hybrid simulation", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Buildings, 28(8), e1606. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1606.
  34. Guo, A.X., Xu, Y.L. and Wu, B. (2002), "Seismic reliability analysis of hysteretic structure with viscoelastic dampers", Eng. Struct., 24(3), 373-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00103-1.
  35. Hadidi, A., Azar, B.F. and Shirgir, S. (2019), "Reliability assessment of semi-active control of structures with MR damper", Earthq. Struct., 17(2), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.2.131.
  36. Han, X., Huang, D., Ji, J. and Lin, J. (2019), "Component deformation-based seismic design method for RC structure and engineering application" Earthq. Struct., 16(5), 575-588. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.5.575.
  37. Hazus-MH. (2003), "Hazus-MH 2.1, Technical Manual, Multihazard Loss Estimation Methodology", FEMA.
  38. Iervolino, I. and Cornell, C.A. (2005), "Record selection for nonlinear seismic analysis of structures", Earthq. Spec., 21(3), 685-713. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1990199.
  39. Izzuddin, B.A. (1991) "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Framed Structures", Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College, University of London.
  40. Izzuddin, B.A., Karayannis, C.G. and Elnashai, A.S. (1994) "Advanced nonlinear formulation for reinforced concrete beamcolumns", J. Struct. Eng., 120(10), 2913-2934. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:10(2913).
  41. Jalayer, F. and Cornell, C.A. (2009), "Alternative non-linear demand estimation methods for probability-based seismic assessments", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(8), 951-972. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.876.
  42. Jalayer, F., Ebrahimian, H., Miano, A., Manfredi, G. and Sezen, H. (2017), "Analytical fragility assessment using unscaled ground motion records", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(15), 2639-2663. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2922.
  43. Joghataie, A. and Mohebbi, M. (2012), "Optimal control of nonlinear frames by Newmark and distributed genetic algorithm", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Buildings, 21(2), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.576.
  44. Jung, H.J., Spencer, Jr.B.F. and Lee, I.W. (2003), "Control of seismically excited cable-stayed bridge employing magnetorheological fluid dampers", J Struct. Eng., 129(7), 873-883. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:7(873).
  45. Karayannis, C.G., Favvata, M.J. and Kakaletsis, D.J. (2011), "Seismic behaviour of infilled and pilotis RC frame structures with beam-column joint degradation effect" Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2821-2831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.006.
  46. Karayannis, C.G., Izzuddin, B.A. and Elnashai, A.S. (1994) "Application of adaptive analysis to reinforced concrete frames", J. Struct. Eng., 120(10), 2935-2957. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:10(2935).
  47. Kataria, N.P. and Jangid, R.S. (2014), "Optimum semi-active hybrid system for seismic control of the horizontally curved bridge with Magnetorheological damper", Bridge Struct., 10(4), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.3233/BRS-150083.
  48. Kaveh, A., Fahimi-Farzam, M. and Kalateh-Ahani, M. (2015), "Optimum design of steel frame structures considering construction cost and seismic damage" Smart Struct. Syst., 16(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.16.1.001.
  49. Kaveh, A., Kalateh-Ahani, M. and Fahimi-Farzam, M. (2014), "Life-cycle cost optimization of steel moment-frame structures: performance-based seismic design approach", Earthq. Struct., 7(3), 271-294. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.3.271.
  50. Kazantzi, A.K., Vamvatsikos, D. and Lignos D.G. (2014), "Seismic performance of a steel moment-resisting frame subjected to strength and ductility uncertainty", Eng. Struct., 78, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.044.
  51. Kim, Y. and Bai, J.W. (2017), "Seismic fragility analysis of faulty smart structures", In book: Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47798-5_11.
  52. Kim, Y., Bai, J.W. and Albano, L.D. (2013), "Fragility estimates of smart structures with sensor faults", Smart Mater. Struct., 22(12), 125012. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/12/125012.
  53. Kiureghian, A.D. (2005), "Non-ergodicity and PEER's framework formula", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(13), 1643-1652. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.504.
  54. Kohrangi, M., Bazzurro, P. and Vamvatsikos, D. (2016), "Vector and scalar IMs in structural response estimation, part I: hazard analysis", Earthq. Spec., 32(3), 1507-1524. https://doi.org/10.1193/053115EQS080M.
  55. Li, S., Tian, J. and Liu, Y. (2017), "Performance-based seismic design of eccentrically braced steel frames using target drift and failure mode" Earthq. Struct., 13(5), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.5.443.
  56. Lu, Z., Li, K., Ouyang, Y. and Shan, J. (2018), "Performance-based optimal design of tuned impact damper for seismically excited nonlinear building", Eng. Struct., 160, 314-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.042.
  57. Mansouri, I., Soori, S., Amraie, H., Hu, J.W. and Shahbazi, S. (2018), "Performance based design optimum of CBFs using bee colony algorithm" Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 613-622. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.613.
  58. McKay, M.D., Beckman, R.J. and Conover, W.J. (1979), "A Comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code", Technometrics, 21(2), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.2307/1268522.
  59. Mohammadi, R.K. and Sharghi, A.H. (2014), "On the optimum performance-based design of eccentrically braced frames" Steel Compos. Struct., 16(4), 357-374. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.16.4.357.
  60. Newmark, N.M. (1959), "A method of computing for structural dynamics", J. Eng. Mech., 85(3), 67-94.
  61. Nowak, A.S. and Collins, K.R. (2000), "Reliability of Structures", 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill.
  62. Oliveira, F., Botto, M.A., Morais, P. and Suleman, A. (2018), "Semi-active structural vibration control of base-isolated buildings using magnetorheological dampers", J. Low Freq. Noise V. A., 37(3), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461348417725959.
  63. Porter, K.A., Beck, J.L. and Shaikhutdinov, R.V. (2002), "Investigation of sensitivity of building loss estimates to major uncertain variables for the Van Nuys testbed", PEER Report, University of California, Berkley.
  64. Radu, A., Lazar, I.F. and Neild, S.A. (2019), "Performance-based seismic design of tuned inerter dampers", Struct. Control Health Monit., 26(5), e2346. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2346.
  65. Scozzese, F., Dall'Asta, A. and Tubaldi, E. (2019), "Seismic risk sensitivity of structures equipped with anti-seismic devices with uncertain properties", Struct. Saf., 77, 30-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2018.10.003.
  66. Sfahani, M.G., Guan, H. and Loo, Y.C. (2015), "Seismic reliability and risk assessment of structures based on fragility analysis - a review", Adv. Struct. Eng., 18(10), 1653-1669. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.10.1653.
  67. Shan, J., Ouyang, Y., Yuan, H. and Shi, W. (2016), "Seismic datadriven identification of linear models for building structures using performance and stabilizing objectives", Comput-Aided Civ. Inf., 31(11), 846-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12227.
  68. Shoaei, P., Orimi, H.T. and Zahrai, S.M. (2018), "Seismic reliability-based design of inelastic base-isolated structures with lead-rubber bearing systems", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 115, 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.033.
  69. Shu, Z., Li, S., Sun, X. and He, M. (2019), "Performance-based seismic design of a pendulum tuned mass damper system", J. Earthq. Eng., 23(2), 334-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1323042.
  70. Sues, R.K., Wen, Y.K. and Ang, A.H.S. (1985), "Stochastic evaluation of seismic structural performance", ASCE J. Struct. Eng., 111(6), 1204-1218. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:6(1204).
  71. Tubaldi, E., Barbato, M. and Dall'Asta, A. (2014), "Performancebased seismic risk assessment for buildings equipped with linear and nonlinear viscous dampers", Eng. Struct., 78, 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.052.
  72. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, CA. (2002), "Incremental Dynamic Analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141.
  73. Wilbee, A.K., Pena, F., Condori, J., Sun, Z. and Dyke, S.J. (2015), "Fragility analysis of structures incorporating control systems", 6th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering, University of Illinois, United States of America.
  74. Wong, K.K.F. and Harris, J.L. (2012), "Seismic damage and fragility analysis of structures with tuned mass dampers based on plastic energy", Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 21(4), 296-310. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.604.
  75. Yang, G.N., Long, F.X. and Wong D. (1988) "Optmial control of nonlinear flexible structures", Technical Report, NCEER.
  76. Yang, M.G., Cheng, Z.Q. and Hua, X.G. (2011), "An experimental study on using MR damper to mitigate longitudinal seismic response of a suspension bridge", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(8), 1171-1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.04.006.
  77. Zemp, R., De La Llera, J.C., Saldias, H. and Weber, F (2016), "Development of a long-stroke MR damper for a building with tuned masses", Smart Mater. Struct., 25(10), 105006. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/10/105006.