Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic retrofit of a soft first story structure using an optimally designed post - tensioned PC frame

  • Dereje, Jonathan Assefa (Department of Civil Engineering and Architectural Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Eldin, Mohamed Nour (Department of Civil Engineering and Architectural Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kim, Jinkoo (Department of Civil Engineering and Architectural Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2020.11.08
  • Accepted : 2021.05.01
  • Published : 2021.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the seismic performance of a self-centering post-tensioned precast concrete (PC) frame with an enlarged beam end is evaluated for retrofit of a soft first story structure. A finite element model of a post-tensioned beam-column assembly with an enlarged beam end is validated by comparison with experimental results, and is used to validate an analytical model of the proposed system. Then the analytical model is used to retrofit a soft first story structure with only columns in the first story and infill walls above. A multi-objective optimization of the retrofit system is carried out using genetic algorithm. The seismic performance of the retrofitted structure is assessed by incremental dynamic analysis and fragility analysis. The analysis results show that the retrofit system calibrated by the optimization procedure is effective in increasing the seismic performance of the soft first story structure.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by a grant (21TSRD-B151228-03) from Urban Declining Area Regenerative Capacity-Enhancing Technology Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government

References

  1. ACI-318 (2019), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19): An ACI Standard: Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318R-19), American Concrete Institute.
  2. Agha Beigi, H., Christopoulos, C., Sullivan, T. and Calvi, M. (2015), "Seismic response of a case study soft story frame retrofitted using a GIB system", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44, 997-1014. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2496.
  3. Agha Beigi, H., Sullivan, T.J., Christopoulos, C., Calvi, G.M. (2015), "Factors influencing the repair costs of soft-story RC frame buildings and implications for their seismic retrofit", Eng. Struct., 101(15), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.06.045.
  4. Ancheta, T.D., Darragh, R.B., Stewart, J.P., Seyhan, E., Silva, W.J. and Chiou, B.S.J. (2013), PeerNGA-West2 Database.
  5. ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2016), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, Va: ASCE, American Society of Civil Engineers.
  6. ASCE-41-17 (2017), ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI, 41-17: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers Reston.
  7. Baker, J.W. (2015), "Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis", Earthq. Spectra, 31, 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1193/021113EQS025M.
  8. Briman, V. and Ribakov, Y. (2009), "Using seismic isolation columns for retrofitting buildings with soft stories", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 18, 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.451.
  9. Cazacu, R. and Grama, L. (2013), "Steel truss optimization using genetic algorithms and FEA", Procedia Technol., 12, 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.496.
  10. Cheok, G.S. and Lew, H.S. (2014), Model Precast Concrete Beam-to-Column Connections Subject to Cyclic Loading, PCI J. 38, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011993.80.92.
  11. Fajfar, P.A. (2000), Nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design, Earthq. Spectra, 16, 573-592. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586128.
  12. Favvata, M.J., Naoum, M.C. and Karayannis, C.G. (2013), "Limit states of RC structures with first floor irregularities", Struct. Eng. Mech., 47(6), 791-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.6.791.
  13. FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings in Rehabilitation Requirements, American Society of Civil Engineers Washington, DC, U.S.A.
  14. Henry, R.S., Sritharan, S. and Jason M. I. (2016), "Residual drift analyses of realistic self-centering concrete wall systems", Earthq. Struct., 10(2), https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.2.409.
  15. Javidan, M.M. and Kim J. (2019), "Seismic retrofit of soft-first story structures using rotational friction dampers", J. Struct. Eng., 145, 04019162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002433.
  16. Javidan, M.M. and Kim, J. (2020), "Steel hysteretic column dampers for seismic retrofit of soft first story structures", Steel Compos. Struct., 37(3). https://doi.org/10.12989/ scs.2020.37.3.259.
  17. Karayannis, C.G., Favvata, M.J. and Kakaletsis, D.J. (2011), "Seismic behaviour of infilled and pilotis RC frame structures with beam-column joint degradation effect", Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2821-2831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.006.
  18. Kim, J. and An, S. (2017), "Optimal distribution of friction dampers for seismic retrofit of a reinforced concrete moment frame", Advan. Struct. Eng., 20(10), 1523-1539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216683197
  19. Kim, J. and Bang, S. (2002), "Optimum distribution of added viscoelastic dampers for mitigation of torsional responses of plan-wise asymmetric structures", Eng. Struct., 24(10), 1257-1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00046-9.
  20. Lee, J., Kang, H. and Kim, J. (2017), "Seismic performance of steel plate slit-friction hybrid dampers", J. Construct. Steel Res., 136, 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.05.005.
  21. Liu, M., Burns, S.A. and Wen, Y.K. (2006), "Genetic algorithm based construction-conscious minimum weight design of seismic steel moment-resisting frames", J. Struct. Eng., 132, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:1(50).
  22. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1989), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114, 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
  23. McKenna, F., Fenves, G.L. and Scott, M.H. (2000), Open system for earthquake engineering simulation. Univ California, Berkeley, CA.
  24. Miller, D.J., Fahnestock, L.A. and Eatherton, M.R. (2012), "Development and experimental validation of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy self-centering buckling-restrained brace", Eng. Struct., 40, 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.037.
  25. Mohammad, N.N., Liberatore, L., Mollaioli, F. and Tesfamariam, S. (2017), "Modelling of masonry infilled RC frames subjected to cyclic loads: State of the art review and modelling with OpenSees", Eng. Struct., 150, 599-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.002.
  26. Morgen, B.G. (2007), "Friction-damped unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete moment frame structures for seismic regions", Ph.D. Dissertation, Notre Dame University.
  27. Naeem, A. and Kim, J. (2018), "Seismic retrofit of a framed structure using damped cable system", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(3):287-299. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.3.287.
  28. Naeem, A., Eldin, M.N., Kim, J. and Kim, J. (2017), "Seismic performance evaluation of a structure retrofitted using steel slit dampers with shape memory alloy bars", Int. J. Steel Struct., 17(4), 1627-1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-017-1227-4.
  29. Nour Eldin, M., Dereje, A.J. and Kim, J.(2020), "Seismic retrofit of RC buildings using self-centering PC frames with friction-dampers", Eng. Struct., 109925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109925.
  30. Nour Eldin, M., Naeem, A. and Kim, J. (2020), "Seismic retrofit of a structure using self-centering precast concrete frames with enlarged beam ends", Mag. Concrete Res., 72(22), 1155-1170. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.19.00012
  31. Nour Eldin, M., Kim, J. and Kim J. (2018), "Optimal distribution of steel slit-friction hybrid dampers based on life cycle cost", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 633-646. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.633.
  32. Pampanin, S., Nigelpriestley, M.J. and Sritharan, S. (2001), "Analytical modelling of the seismic behaviour of precast concrete frames designed with ductile connections", J. Earthq. Eng., 5, 329-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350397.
  33. Priestley, M.J.N. and Tao, J.R. (1993), "Seismic response of precast prestressed concrete frames with partially debonded tendons", PCI J., 38, 58-69. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01011993.58.69.
  34. Song, L.L. and Tong, G. (2017), "Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of self-centering prestressed concrete frames with web friction devices", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.1.109.
  35. Sorace, S. and Terenzi, G. (2012), "The damped cable system for seismic protection of frame structures-Part II: design and application", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(5), 929-947. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1165
  36. Wang, C.L., Liu, Y., Zheng, X. and Wu, J. (2019), "Experimental investigation of a precast concrete connection with all-steel bamboo-shaped energy dissipaters", Eng. Struct., 178, 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.046
  37. Xu, L.H., Fan, X.W. and Li, Z.X. (2016), "Development and experimental verification of a pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation brace", Eng. Struct., 127, 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.043.