Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of mineral admixtures on the properties of steel fibre reinforced SCC proportioned using plastic viscosity and development of regression & ANN model

  • Seshaiah, B. (Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUK Kakinada) ;
  • Rao, P. Srinivasa (Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH Hyderabad) ;
  • Rao, P. Subba (Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH Hyderabad)
  • Received : 2019.07.22
  • Accepted : 2021.04.12
  • Published : 2021.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the present study, fresh and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes made up of quartz sand, micro silica, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) and fibers have been evaluated for three grades of concrete (M40, M50 and M60). Plastic viscosity based mix proportioning is adopted in the present study. Further, steel fibers have been added to the respective mixes in various proportions (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% by volume of concrete) to examine the effect of fibers on fresh and mechanical properties. The fresh properties include slump flow, V-funnel, T50 cm slump, and L-box. It is found that the fresh properties for all the mixes are within the limits mentioned by EFNARC. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were evaluated for 3, 7, 28, 56, 90 and 180 days for M40, M50 and M60 grades with and without fibers. It is observed that the workability of all the mixes corresponding to M40, M50 and M60 is decreased with the increase of steel fibre volume fraction. The mechanical properties, split tensile strength, flexural strength increased with the increase of percentage of fibers. The compressive strength is increased up to 1.0% fibre volume and marginally decreases for 1.5% fibre volume and however, it is higher than the mix with 0.5% fiber volume. The increase in mechanical properties may be due to additional formation of CSH. Multiple linear regression analysis has been performed by considering about 75% of the mixed experimental mechanical data and three equations are proposed and validated with the remaining dataset. It is found that the predicted mechanical properties are closely matching with the related experimental observations. Further, Artificial neural network based model has been developed to predict the compressive strength of various SCC mixes. The back propagation training technique and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was employed to develop ANN model. It was found that the model could predict the compressive strength of various SCC mixes ±12% compared to experimental observations.

Keywords

References

  1. Abo Dhaheer, M.S., Al-Rubaye, M.M., Alyhya, W.S., Karihaloo, B.L. and Kulasegaram, S. (2016), "Proportioning of selfcompacting concrete mixes based on target plastic viscosity and compressive strength: Part II-experimental validation", J. Sustain. Cement-Bas. Mater., 5(4), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2015.1036952.
  2. Ahmed, S.M. (2013), "The effect of elevated temperature on the properties on of self-compacting concrete reinforced by steel fiber", M.Sc. Thesis, College of Engineering, University of Babylon.
  3. Alabduljabbar, H., Alyousef, R., Alrshoudi, F., Alaskar, A., Fathi, A. and Mustafa Mohamed, A. (2019), "Mechanical effect of steel fiber on the cement replacement materials of self-compacting concrete", Fiber., 7, 2-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7040 036.
  4. AL-Ameeri, A. (2013), "The effect of steel fiber on some mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete", Am. J. Civil Eng., 1, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20130103.14.
  5. Al-Musawee, H.A. (2011), "Effect of using fibers on some mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete", M.Sc. Thesis, College of Engineering, University of Babylon.
  6. Alubaidi, I.H. (2011), "Effect of curing conditions on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete", Al-Qadisiya J. Eng. Sci., 4, 528-536.
  7. Ashish, D.K. and Verma, S.K. (2019), "An overview on mixture design of self-compacting concrete", Struct. Concrete, 20(1), 371-395. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201700279.
  8. Avci-Karatas, C. (2019), "Prediction of ultimate load capacity of concrete-filled steel tube columns using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 583-594, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.583.
  9. Banthia, N. and Trottier, J (1994), "Concrete reinforced with deformed steel fibers, Part I: Bond-slip mechanisms", ACI Mater. J., 91, 435-446.
  10. Bedirhanoglu, I., Ilki, A. and Kumbasar, N. (2013), "Precast fiber reinforced cementitious composites for seismic retrofit of deficient RC joints-A pilot study", Eng. Struct., 52, 192-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.020.
  11. Chalioris, C.E., Papadopoulos, C.P., Pourzitidis, C.N., Fotis, D. and Sideris, K.K. (2013), "Application of a reinforced selfcompacting concrete jacket in damaged reinforced concrete beams under monotonic and repeated loading", J. Eng., 2013, Article ID 912983. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/912983.
  12. Corinaldesi, V. and Moriconi, G. (2011), "Characterization of selfcompacting concretes prepared with different fibers and mineral additions", Cement Concrete Compos., 33, 596-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.03.007.
  13. Dinakar, P., Babu, K.G. and Santhanam, M. (2008), "Mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash self-compacting concrete mixtures", Struct. Concrete, 9, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1680/stco.2008.9.2.109.
  14. El-Dieb, A.S. (2009), "Mechanical, durability and microstructural characteristics of ultra-high- strength self-compacting concrete incorporating steel fibers", Mater. Des., 30, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.024.
  15. El-Dieb, A.S. and Taha, M.M.R. (2012), "Flow characteristic and acceptance criteria of fiber-reinforced self-compacted concrete (FR-SCC)", Constr. Build. Mater., 27, 5855-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.004.
  16. European Project Group (2005), The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete: Specification, Production and Use.
  17. Fava et al. (2003), Proceedings: of the 3rd International RILEM Symposium on Self-compacting Concrete, Reykjavik, 628-636.
  18. Felekoglu, B., Turkel, S. and Baradan, B. (2007), "Effect of water/cement ratio on the fresh and hardened properties of selfcompacting concrete", Build. Environ., 42, 1795-1802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.012.
  19. Ferrara, L., Bamonte, P., Musa, A.C.A. and Sanal, I.A. (2012), "Comprehensive methodology to test the performance of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (SFR-SCC)", Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 406-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2012. 07.057.
  20. Gencel, O., Brostow, W., Datashvili, T. and Thedford, M. (2011), "Workability and mechanical performance of steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash", Bartin University, Turkey.
  21. Golafshani, E.M. and Pazouki, G. (2018), "Predicting the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash using a hybrid artificial intelligence method", Comput. Concrete, 22(4), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.22.4.419.
  22. Grabois, T.M., Cordeiro, G.C. and Filho, R.D.T. (2016), "Fresh and hardened-state properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete reinforced with steel fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 104, 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.060.
  23. Grunewald, S. and Walraven, J.C. (2001), "Parameter-study on the influence of steel fibers and coarse aggregate content on the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 31, 1793-1798. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00555-5.
  24. Kalyana Rama, J.S., Pallerla, S., Sivakumar, M.V.N., Vasan, A. and Ramachandra Murthy, A. (2017), "Parametric study on the influence of cement replacement materials on the rheology of cement paste using brookfield viscometer", Proceedings of the 71st RILEM Annual Week & ICACMS 2017, Chennai, India, September.
  25. Kalyana Rama, J.S., Sivakumar, M.V.N., Vasan, A., Kubair, A. and Ramachandra Murthy, A. (2017), "Plastic viscosity based mix design of self-compacting concrete with crushed rock fines". Comput. Concrete, 20, 461-468. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.4.461.
  26. Kamal, M.M., Safan, M.A. and Etman, Z.A. and Kasem, B.M. (2014), "Mechanical properties of self-compacted fiber concrete mixes", HBRC J., 10, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.012.
  27. Khaleel, O.R., Al-Mishhadani, S.A. and Razak, H.A (2011), "The effect of coarse aggregate on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC)", Procedia Eng., 14, 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.m2011.07.102.
  28. Khaloo, A., Raisi, E.M., Hosseini, P. and Tahsiri, H. (2014), "Mechanical performance of self-compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 51, 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.054.
  29. Krieger, I.M. and Dougherty, T.J. (1959), "A mechanism for nonNewtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres", Tran. Soc. Rheol., 3(1), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.548848
  30. Kytinou, V.K., Chalioris, C.E. and Karayannis, C.G. (2020), "Analysis of residual flexural stiffness of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams with steel reinforcement", Mater., 13(12), 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122698.
  31. Neville, A.M. (2010), Properties of Concrete, 5th Edition, Longman Group Ltd..
  32. Okamura, H. and Ouchi, M. (2003), "Self-compacting concrete", J. Adv. Concrete Technol., 1, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.1.5.
  33. Okamura, H. and Ozawa, K. (1995), "Mix design for selfcompacting concrete", Concrete Lib. JSCE, 25, 107-120.
  34. Parra, C., Valcuende, M. and Gomez, F (2011), "Splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of self-compacting concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.037.
  35. Patak, N. and Siddique, R. (2012), "Properties of self-compacting concrete containing class F fly ash subjected to elevated temperatures", Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.010.
  36. Prasanna, P.K., Ramachandra Murthy, A. and Srinivasu, K. (2018), "Prediction of compressive strength of GGBS based concrete using RVM", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(6), 691-700. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.6.691.
  37. Rama, K.S., Sivakumar, M.V.N., Kubair, K.S. and Vasan, A. (2019), "Influence of plastic viscosity of mix on SelfCompacting Concrete with river and crushed sand", Comput. Concrete, 23, 37-47. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.23.1.037.
  38. Rama, S.K. (2018), "Proportioning of self compacting concrete mixes based on plastic viscosity approach-experimental and numerical investigations", Doctoral Dissertation, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India.
  39. Silva, M.A., Pepe, M., Andrade, R.G.M., Pfeil, M.S. and Filho, R.D.T. (2017), "Rheological and mechanical behavior of High Strength Steel Fiber-River Gravel Self Compacting Concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 150, 606-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.030.
  40. Soutsos, M.N., Le, T.T. and Lampropoulos, A.P (2012), "Flexural performance of fibre reinforced concrete made with steel and synthetic fibres", Constr. Build. Mater., 36, 704-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.042.
  41. Teng, Y.S. and Shah, S.P (1986), "Crack propagation in fiber-reinforced concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 112, 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:1(19).
  42. Uysal, M. and Yilmaz, K. (2011), "Effect of mineral admixtures on properties of self-compacting concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 33, 771-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.04.005.
  43. Xie, T.Y., Elchalakani, M., Ali, M.S.A., Dong, M.H., Karrech, A. and Li, G. (2018), "Mechanical and durability properties of self-compacting concrete with blended binders", Comput. Concrete, 22(4), 407-417. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.22.4.407.
  44. Yehi, S., Doub, A., Abdullahi, O. and Farrag, S. (2016), "Mechanical and durability evaluation of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 121, 20-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.127.
  45. Zhang, X., Luo, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, W. and Yang, C. (2018), "Flexural strengthening of damaged RC T-beams using self-compacting concrete jacketing under different sustaining load", Constr. Build. Mater., 172, 185-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.245.