Advances in concrete construction

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Economic construction management of composite beam using the head stud shear connector with encased cold-formed steel built-up fix beam via efficient computer simulation

  • Yin, Jinzhao (Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology) ;
  • Tong, Huizhi (Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology) ;
  • Gholizadeh, Morteza (Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Zandi, Yousef (Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Selmi, Abdellatif (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Roco-Videla, Angel (Programa Magister en ciencias quimico-biologicas. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins) ;
  • Issakhov, Alibek (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University)
  • Received : 2019.10.05
  • Accepted : 2021.04.21
  • Published : 2021.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With regard to economic efficiency, composite fix beams are widely used to pass longitudinal shear forces across the interface. The current knowledge of the composite beam load-slip activity and shear capability are restricted to data from measurements of push-off. Modelling and analysis of the composite beams based on Euro-code 4 regarding to shear, bending, and deflection under differing loads were carried out using Finite Element through an efficient computer simulation and the final loading and sections capacity based on the failure modes was analysed. In bending, the section potential was increased by an improvement of the strength in both steel and concrete, but the flexural and compressive resistance growth is very weak (3.2% 3.1% and 3.0%), while the strength of the concrete has increased respectively from 25 N/mm2 to 30, 35, and 40 N/mm2 compared to the increment of steel strength by 27% and 21% when it was raised from 275 to 355 and 460 N/mm2, respectively. It was found that the final flexural load capacity of fix beams was declined with increase in the fix beam span for both three steel strength. The shear capacity of sections was remained unchanged at constant steel strength and different length, but raised with final yield strength increment of steel sections by 29%, and 67% when it was raised from 275 N/mm2 to 355 N/mm2 and 460 N/mm2, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2020), "Blast performance of concrete columns retrofitted with FRP using segment pressure technique", Compos. Struct., 260, 113473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113473.
  2. Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2021), "Dynamic vulnerability assessment and damage prediction of RC columns subjected to severe impulsive loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 77(4), 441. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.77.4.441.
  3. Abedini, M., Zhang, C., Mehrmashhadi, J. and Akhlaghi, E. (2020). "Comparison of ALE, LBE and pressure time history methods to evaluate extreme loading effects in RC column", Struct., 28, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.084.
  4. Al Kajbaf, A., Fanaie, N. and Najarkolaie, K.F. (2018), "Numerical simulation of failure in steel posttensioned connections under cyclic loading", Eng. Fail. Anal., 91, 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.04.024.
  5. Alabduljabbar, H., Benjeddou, O., Soussi, C., Khadimallah, M.A. and Alyousef, R. (2021), "Effects of incorporating wood sawdust on the firing program and the physical and mechanical properties of fired clay bricks", J. Build. Eng., 35, 102106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102106.
  6. Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020), "Influence of seismic incident angle on response uncertainty and structural performance of tall asymmetric structure", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 29(12), e1750. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1750.
  7. Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020), "The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 19(1), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0558-x.
  8. Amran, Y.M., El-Zeadani, M., Saifulnaz, M.R., Alyousef, R., Alabduljabbar, H., Alrshoudi, F. and Alaskar, A. (2020), "RC beam strengthening using hinge and anchorage approach", Result. Mater., 5, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2019.100047.
  9. Anderson, N.S. and Meinheit, D.F. (2005), "Pryout capacity of cast-in headed stud anchors", PCI J., 50(2), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03012005.90.112
  10. ANSI, A. (2005), AISC 360-05, Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  11. Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2010), "Investigation of seismic behaviour of composite structures with concrete filled square steel tubular (CFSST) column by push-over and time-history analyses", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, 21-23.
  12. Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Behavior of through beam connections composed of CFSST columns and steel beams by finite element studying", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2329-2333. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2329.
  13. Khanouki, M.A., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Investigation of through beam connection to concrete filled circular steel tube (CFCST) column", J. Constr. Steel Res. 121, 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.01.002.
  14. Armaghani, D.J., Mirzaei, F., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Shariati, M. and Trnavac, D. (2020), "Hybrid ANN-based techniques in predicting cohesion of sandy-soil combined with fiber", Geomech. Eng., 20(3), 191. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.3.191.
  15. Arya, C. (2009), Design of Structural Elements: Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, CRC Press.
  16. Bai, Y., Wang, S., Mou, B., Wang, Y. and Skalomenos, K.A. (2021), "Bi-directional seismic behavior of steel beam-column connections with outer annular stiffener", Eng. Struct., 227, 111443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111443.
  17. Cao, Y., Wakil, K., Alyousef, R., Jermsittiparsert, K., Ho, L.S., Alabduljabbar, H., ... & Mohamed, A.M. (2020). "Application of extreme learning machine in behavior of beam to column connections", Struct.. 25, 861-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.058.
  18. Chen, C., Shi, L., Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Mohamad, E.T., Bui, D.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel storage pallet racking connection-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 5, 457-469. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.457.
  19. Committee, A. (2005). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (ACI 318R-05), American Concrete Institute.
  20. Daie, M., Jalali, A., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M., Khanouki, M.A., Shariati, A. and Kazemi-Arbat, P. (2011), "A new finite element investigation on pre-bent steel strips as damper for vibration control", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(36), 8044-8050. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1585.
  21. Davoodnabi, S.M., Mirhosseini, S.M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel-concrete composite beam using angle shear connectors at fire condition", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.141.
  22. Dinh-Cong, D., Vo-Van, L., Nguyen-Quoc, D. and Nguyen-Thoi, T. (2019), "Modal kinetic energy change ratio-based damage assessment of laminated composite beams using noisy and incomplete measurements", J. Adv. Eng. Comput., 3(3), 452-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201933.248.
  23. El-Zeadani, M., Saifulnaz, M.R., Hejazi, F., Amran, Y.M., Jaafar, M.S., Alyousef, R. and Alrshoudi, F. (2019), "Mechanics-based approach for predicting the short-term deflection of CFRP plated RC beams", Compos. Struct., 225, 111169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111169.
  24. Fanaie, N., Aghajani, S. and Dizaj, E.A. (2016), "Theoretical assessment of the behavior of cable bracing system with central steel cylinder", Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(3), 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216630052.
  25. Fanaie, N., Esfahani, F.G. and Soroushnia, S. (2015), "Analytical study of composite beams with different arrangements of channel shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(2), 485-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.2.485.
  26. Fanaie, N. and Moghadam, H.S. (2019), "Experimental study of rigid connection of drilled beam to CFT column with external stiffeners", J. Constr. Steel Res., 153, 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.10.016.
  27. Fanaie, N. and Tahriri, M. (2017), "Stability and stiffness analysis of a steel frame with an oblique beam using method of least work", J. Constr. Steel Res., 137, 342-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.06.032.
  28. Gattesco, N. and Giuriani, E. (1996), "Experimental study on stud shear connectors subjected to cyclic loading", J. Constr. Steel Res., 38(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(96)00007-7.
  29. Gholipour, G., Zhang, C. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020), "Numerical analysis of axially loaded RC columns subjected to the combination of impact and blast loads", Eng. Struct., 219, 110924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110924.
  30. Habibi, M., Hashemi, R., Ghazanfari, A., Naghdabadi, R. and Assempour, A. (2018), "Forming limit diagrams by including the M-K model in finite element simulation considering the effect of bending", Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part L: J. Mater.: Des. Appl., 232(8), 625-636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420716642258.
  31. Habibi, M., Hashemi, R., Sadeghi, E., Fazaeli, A., Ghazanfari, A. and Lashini, H. (2016), "Enhancing the mechanical properties and formability of low carbon steel with dual-phase microstructures", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 25(2), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1882-1.
  32. Hamidian, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad, M.M.K. and Sinaei, H. (2011), "Assessment of high strength and light weight aggregate concrete properties using ultrasonic pulse velocity technique", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(22), 5261-5266. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1081.
  33. Heydari, A. and M. Shariati (2018), "Buckling analysis of tapered BDFGM nano-beam under variable axial compression resting on elastic medium", Struct. Eng. Mech., 66(6), 737-748. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.6.737.
  34. Hicks, S. and Jones, A. (2013), "Statistical evaluation of the design resistance of headed stud connectors embedded in solid concrete slabs", Struct. Eng. Int., 23(3), 269-277.
  35. Hosseinpour, E., Baharom, S., Badaruzzaman, W.H.W., Shariati, M. and Jalali, A. (2018), "Direct shear behavior of concrete filled hollow steel tube shear connector for slim-floor steel beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 26(4), 485-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.4.485.
  36. Huang, X., Zhang, Y., Moradi, Z. and Shafiei, N. (2021), "Computer simulation via a couple of homotopy perturbation methods and the generalized differential quadrature method for nonlinear vibration of functionally graded non-uniform microtube", Eng. Comput., 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01395-7.
  37. Jiang, J., et al. "Thermal effect of welding on mechanical behavior of high-strength steel", J. Mater. Civil Eng..
  38. Jiao, J., Ghoreishi, S.M., Moradi, Z. and Oslub, K. (2021), "Coupled particle swarm optimization method with genetic algorithm for the static-dynamic performance of the magnetoelectro-elastic nanosystem", Eng. Comput., 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01391-x.
  39. Johnson, R.P. and Anderson, D. (2004). Designers' Guide to EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. General Rules and Rules for Buildings, Thomas Telford.
  40. Kapil, G. (2016), "G. Sajshi Flexural capacity of composite beams (steel &concrete)", J. Mech. Civil Eng. (IOSR-JMCE), 40, 66-72.
  41. Katebi, J., Shoaei-parchin, M., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Developed comparative analysis of metaheuristic optimization algorithms for optimal active control of structures", Eng. Comput., 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00780-7.
  42. Khorami, M., Alvansazyazdi, M., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M. (2017), "Seismic performance evaluation of buckling restrained braced frames (BRBF) using incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis method (IDA)", Earthq. Struct., 13(6), 531-538. http://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.6.531.
  43. Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M.M. (2017), "Numerical analysis of tilted angle shear connectors in steel-concrete composite systems", Steel Compos. Struct., 23(1), 67-85. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.1.067.
  44. Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M. and Ramli Sulong, N.H. (2015), "Behavior of tilted angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 10(12), e0144288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144288.
  45. Lam, D. and El-Lobody, E. (2005), "Behavior of headed stud shear connectors in composite beam", J. Struct. Eng., 131(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:1(96).
  46. Lawson, R. (1993), "Comparative structure cost of modern commercial buildings", Steel Construction Institute.
  47. Li, C., Sun, L., Xu, Z., Wu, X., Liang, T. and Shi, W. (2020), "Experimental investigation and error analysis of high precision FBG displacement sensor for structural health monitoring", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 20(6), 2040011. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400118.
  48. Luo, J., Wu, B. and Li, M.Q. (2012), "3D finite element simulation of microstructure evolution in blade forging of Ti6Al-4V alloy based on the internal state variable models", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 19(2), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-012-0526-1.
  49. Luo, Z., Sinaei, H., Ibrahim, Z., Shariati, M., Jumaat, Z., Wakil, K., ... & Khorami, M. (2019), "Computational and experimental analysis of beam to column joints reinforced with CFRP plates", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(3), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.3.271.
  50. Mamuda, A., Abubakar, I. and Samson, D. (2018), "Reliabilitybased structural safety evaluation of concrete-steel composite beams according to euro code 4", Eng. Phys., 2(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20180202.11.
  51. Mamuda, A., Samson, D., Abubakar, I., Batari, A., Kabir, N. and Chinade, A.U. (2018), "Capacity of composite concrete-steel beams according to Euro Code 4", Int. J. Eng., 2(4), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.11.
  52. Mansouri, I., Shariati, M., Safa, M., Ibrahim, Z., Tahir, M.M. and Petkovic, D. (2019), "Analysis of influential factors for predicting the shear strength of a V-shaped angle shear connector in composite beams using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique", J. Intel. Manuf., 30(3), 1247-1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-017-1306-6
  53. McCormac, J.C. and Csernak, S.F. (2012), Structural Steel Design, Prentice Hall, Boston.
  54. Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014), "An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014.
  55. Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2013), "Identification of a suitable ANN architecture in predicting strain in tie section of concrete deep beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(6), 853-868. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.853.
  56. Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2014), "An evolutionary fuzzy modelling approach and comparison of different methods for shear strength prediction of high-strength concrete beams without stirrups", Smart Struct. Syst., 14(5), 785-809. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.5.785.
  57. Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ghanbari, F. (2014), "Ductility and strength assessment of HSC beams with varying of tensile reinforcement ratios", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(6), 833-848. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.6.833.
  58. Mou, B., Li, X., Bai, Y. and Wang, L. (2019), "Shear behavior of panel zones in steel beam-to-column connections with unequal depth of outer annular stiffener", J. Struct. Eng., 145(2), 04018247. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002256.
  59. Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G. and Shariati, M. (2020), "Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of welded built-up CFT stub columns made by cold-formed sections with different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 347. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.347.
  60. Narayanan, R. and Beeby, A. (2005), Designers' Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2, Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures: General Rules and Rules for Buildings and Structural Fire Design, Thomas Telford.
  61. Nasrollahi, S., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Marto, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Investigation of pipe shear connectors using push out test", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 537-543. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.537.
  62. Nussbaumer, A., et al. (2012), Fatigue Design of Steel and Composite Structures: Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures, Part 1-9 Fatigue; Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons.
  63. Ollgaard, J.G., Slutter, R.G. and Fisher, J.W. (2010), "Shear strength of stud connectors in lightweight and normal weight concrete", AISC Eng'g Jr., April 1971 (71-10), Fritz Laboratory Reports. Paper.
  64. Paknahad, M., Shariati, M., Sedghi, Y., Bazzaz, M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Shear capacity equation for channel shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(4), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.483.
  65. Pallares, L. and Hajjar, J.F. (2010), "Headed steel stud anchors in composite structures, Part I: Shear", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(2), 198-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.08.009.
  66. Perez, M., Bermudez, C.A. and Perea, T. "Behavior of welded bolt shear connectors subjected to cyclic loads", 17 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 17WCEE, Sendai, Japan, September.
  67. Qi, C., Fourie, A., Chen, Q. and Liu, P. (2019), "Application of first-principles theory in ferrite phases of cemented paste backfill", Min. Eng., 133, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.01.011.
  68. Qi, C., Spagnoli, D. and Fourie, A. (2020), "Structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of calcium aluminate cements: Insight from first-principles theory", Constr. Build. Mater., 264, 120259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120259.
  69. Rajesh, K. and Devi, C. (2017), "Study on ordinary concrete with waste plastic as a fibre", Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res., 7(10), 1-5.
  70. Razavian, L., Naghipour, M., Shariati, M. and Safa, M. (2020), "Experimental study of the behavior of composite timber columns confined with hollow rectangular steel sections under compression", Struct. Eng. Mech., 74(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.1.145.
  71. Saari, W.K., Hajjar, J.F., Schultz, A.E. and Shield, C.K. (2004), "Behavior of shear studs in steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls", J. Constr. Steel Res., 60(10), 1453-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.03.003.
  72. Chahnasir, E.S., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Dehghani, E., Toghroli, A., Mohamad, E.T., ... & Khorami, M. (2018), "Application of support vector machine with firefly algorithm for investigation of the factors affecting the shear strength of angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 413-424. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.413.
  73. Safa, M., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2020), "Development of neuro-fuzzy and neuro-bee predictive models for prediction of the safety factor of eco-protection slopes", Physica A: Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 550, 124046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.124046.
  74. Safa, M., Shariati, M., Ibrahim, Z., Toghroli, A., Baharom, S.B., Nor, N.M. and Petkovic, D. (2016), "Potential of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steelconcrete composite beam's shear strength", Steel Compos. Struct., 21(3), 679-688. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.3.679.
  75. Sajedi, F. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior study of NC and HSC RCCs confined by GRP casing and CFRP wrapping", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 417-432. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.417.
  76. Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Ahmadi, E., Azar, V. M., Toghroli, A., ... & Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(3), 335-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335.
  77. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M., Khan, R. and Jumaat, M.Z. (2016), "Behavior of steel pallet rack beam-to-column connections at elevated temperatures", Thin Wall. Struct., 106, 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.05.021.
  78. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2016), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017.
  79. Shahabi, S.E.M., Sulong, N., Shariati, M., Mohammadhassani, M. and Shah, S.N.R. (2016), "Numerical analysis of channel connectors under fire and a comparison of performance with different types of shear connectors subjected to fire", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(3), 651-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.3.651.
  80. Shahabi, S., Sulong, N., Shariati, M. and Shah, S. (2016), "Performance of shear connectors at elevated temperatures-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(1), 185-203. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.185.
  81. Shao, Z.J., Liu, H.P., He, X.C., Zhou, B., Li, Y., Zhang, S.Z., ... & Li, S.J. (2019), "Microstructure and finite element analysis of hot continuous rolling of doped tungsten rod", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 26(3), 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1746-4.
  82. Shariat, M., Shariati, M., Madadi, A. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational Lagrangian Multiplier Method by using for optimization and sensitivity analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(2), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.2.243.
  83. Shariati, A., Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604.
  84. Shariati, A., RamliSulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2012), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSx11.004.
  85. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Khanouki, M.A. and Mahoutian, M. (2014), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.
  86. Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  87. Shariati, M., Armaghani, D.J., Khandelwal, M., Zhou, J. and Khorami, M. (2021), "Assessment of longstanding effects of fly ash and silica fume on the compressive strength of concrete using extreme learning machine and artificial neural network", J. Adv. Eng. Comput., 5(1), 50-75. https://doi.org/10.25073/jaec.202151.308
  88. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.
  89. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569.
  90. Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020), "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(5), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587.
  91. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.
  92. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.
  93. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.
  94. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  95. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  96. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  97. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  98. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad, M.M.K.H. and Mahoutian, M. (2011), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(4), 977-983.
  99. Shariati, M., Ramli-Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(1), 213-220.
  100. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Korea, August.
  101. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, A. and Khanouki, M.A. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  102. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  103. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (Experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  104. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Khanouki, M.A. and Sinaei, H. (2012), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  105. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M. and Sinaei, H. (2012), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Fifth International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, The Hague, July.
  106. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Khanouki, M.A. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.
  107. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  108. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S.N.R., Jalali, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.
  109. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.
  110. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM 2017.
  111. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.
  112. Shi, W. (2019), "Investigation of shrinkage-compensating cement concrete from material and structural perspectives", Doctoral Dissertation, Iowa State University.
  113. Shim, C.S., Lee, P.G. and Yoon, T.Y. (2004), "Static behavior of large stud shear connectors", Eng. Struct., 26(12), 1853-1860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.011.
  114. Siddika, A., Al Mamun, M.A., Alyousef, R. and Amran, Y.M. (2019), "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams by using fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review", J. Build. Eng., 25, 100798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100798.
  115. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.
  116. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essay., 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.
  117. Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Liang, T. and Zhao, Z. (2019), "The strain transfer mechanism of fiber bragg grating sensor for extra large strain monitoring", Sensor., 19(8), 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081851
  118. Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Su, Z. and Chen, C. (2018), "Early monitoring of rebar corrosion evolution based on FBG sensor", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 18(8), 1840001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418400011.
  119. Sun, L., Su, Z., Xia, Y., Zhang, C. and Li, C. (2019), "Superwiderange fiber bragg grating displacement sensor based on an eccentric gear: Principles and experiments", J. Aerosp. Eng., 32(1), 04018129. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000960.
  120. Sun, L., Su, Z., Xia, Y., Zhang, C. and Li, C. (2020), "Effect of axial compression ratio on seismic behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete columns", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 20(6), 2040004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400040.
  121. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  122. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  123. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struc. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.
  124. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manuf., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y
  125. Tran, N.T. and Dao, T.P. (2020), "Statics analysis and optimization design for a fixed-guided beam flexure", J. Adv. Eng. Comput., 4(2), 125-139. http://doi.org/10.25073/jaec.202042.276.
  126. Trung, N.T., et al. (2019), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639
  127. Villa, J. (2012), "Advancements in sustainable concrete practices and their potential impact on design and construction", Illinois Institute of Technology.
  128. Wan, L., Huang, Y.X., Lu, S.X., Huang, T.F. and Lu, Z.L. (2016), "Microstructure and properties of pure iron/copper composite cladding layers on carbon steel", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 23(8), 920-927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1307-z.
  129. Wei, X., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Pei, S., Jin, Z., Gharachurlu, S., ... & Khorami, M. (2018), "Distribution of shear force in perforated shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(3), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.3.389.
  130. Wollmershauser, R. (1997), "Anchor performance and the 5% fractile", Hilti Technical Services Bulletin.
  131. Xie, Q., Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Khorami, M., Mohamad, E.T. and Bui, D.T. (2019), "An experimental study on the effect of CFRP on behavior of reinforce concrete beam column connections", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.433.
  132. Xu, H.B., Zhang, C.W., Li, H., Tan, P., Ou, J.P. and Zhou, F.L. (2014), "Active mass driver control system for suppressing wind-induced vibration of the Canton Tower", Smart Struct. Syst., 13(2), 281-303. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.13.2.281.
  133. Yazdani, M., Kabirifar, K., Frimpong, B.E., Shariati, M., Mirmozaffari, M. and Boskabadi, A. (2020), "Improving construction and demolition waste collection service in an urban area using a simheuristic approach: A case study in Sydney, Australia", J. Clean. Prod., 280, 124138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124138.
  134. Ye, M., Jiang, J., Chen, H.M., Zhou, H.Y. and Song, D. D. (2021), "Seismic behavior of an innovative hybrid beam-column connection for precast concrete structures", Eng. Struct., 227, 111436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111436.
  135. Zhang, C. (2014), "Control force characteristics of different control strategies for the wind-excited 76-story benchmark building structure", Adv. Struct. Eng., 17(4), 543-559. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.4.543.
  136. Zhang, C., Abedini, M. and Mehrmashhadi, J. (2020), "Development of pressure-impulse models and residual capacity assessment of RC columns using high fidelity Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian simulation", Eng. Struct., 224, 111219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111219.
  137. Zhang, C., Alam, Z., Sun, L., Su, Z. and Samali, B. (2019), "Fibre Bragg grating sensor-based damage response monitoring of an asymmetric reinforced concrete shear wall structure subjected to progressive seismic loads", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 26(3), e2307. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2307.
  138. Zhang, C., Gholipour, G. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020), "State-ofthe-Art review on responses of RC structures subjected to lateral impact loads", Arch. Comput. Meth. Eng., 1-31.
  139. Zhang, C., Li, L. and Ou, J. (2010), "Swinging motion control of suspended structures: Principles and applications", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 17(5), 549-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.331.
  140. Zhang, C. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020), "Blast loads induced responses of RC structural members: State-of-the-art review", Compos. Part B: Eng., 195, 108066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108066.
  141. Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2008), "Control structure interaction of electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control", J. Eng. Mech., 134(5), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:5(428).
  142. Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2015), "Modeling and dynamical performance of the electromagnetic mass driver system for structural vibration control", Eng. Struct., 82, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.029.
  143. Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019), "Robustness of the active rotary inertia driver system for structural swing vibration control subjected to multi-type hazard excitations", Appl. Sci., 9(20), 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204391.
  144. Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019), "Swing vibration control of suspended structure using active rotary inertia driver system: Parametric analysis and experimental verification", Appl. Sci., 9(15), 3144. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153144.
  145. Zhang, C.W., Ou, J.P. and Zhang, J.Q. (2006), "Parameter optimization and analysis of a vehicle suspension system controlled by magnetorheological fluid dampers", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit.: Offic. J. Int. Assoc. Struct. Control Monit. Eur. Assoc. Control Struct., 13(5), 885-896. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.63.
  146. Zhao, X., Chen, B., Li, Y.H., Zhu, W.D., Nkiegaing, F.J. and Shao, Y.B. (2020), "Forced vibration analysis of Timoshenko double-beam system under compressive axial load by means of Green's functions", J. Sound Vib., 464, 115001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.115001.
  147. Zheng, J., Zhang, C. and Li, A. (2020), "Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of curved metallic plate dampers", Appl. Sci., 10(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010269.
  148. Zhu, L., Zhang, C., Guan, X., Uy, B., Sun, L. and Wang, B. (2018), "The multi-axial strength performance of composited structural BCW members subjected to shear forces", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.1.075.