Asia-Pacific Journal of Business (아태비즈니스연구)

KNU The Institute of Management & Economy Research (강원대학교 경영경제연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Openness to Diversity on Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Unit-members Trust

장병의 다양성 수용도가 혁신행동에 미치는 영향: 부대원 신뢰의 매개효과

  • Received : 2021.11.30
  • Accepted : 2021.12.23
  • Published : 2021.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose - This study deals with the Openness to Diversity(OD) of soldiers in the military organization for efficient unit operation of the military organization composed of various soldier. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of information and value OD on innovative behavior and the mediating effect of unit-members trust. Design/methodology/approach - The 269 samples of this study were surveyed on army soldiers. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the multiple regression, bootstraping analysis were hired in order to analyze the data. Findings - The results showed that the information & value OD were positive(+) effect on innovative behavior. Unit-members trust showed a mediation effect between OD and innovative behavior. Research implications or Originality - First, according to Defense Reform 2.0, the military is expected to be composed of more diverse classes in the future. There is a theoretical contribution that examine their perception of diversity within the military. Second, OD was confirmed as a variable predicting the innovative behavior of soldiers and unit-memeber trust mediate the relationship between OD and invative behavior.

Keywords

References

  1. 국방일보, (2019년 4월 27일), 4면, "육군, 혁신 아이디어 공모전 '뿜뿜 콘테스트' 개최", Available from https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20180426/7/BBSMSTR_000000010023/view.do
  2. 김세경, 이희수, 송영선 (2015), "조직원의 다양성 인식과 창의성 및 문제해결능력과의 관계", HRD연구(구 인력개발 연구), 17(1), 161-187.
  3. 민진 (2008), "군대조직의 특성에 관한 연구", 국방연구, 51(3), 61-94. https://doi.org/10.23011/JNDS.2008.51.3.003
  4. 박계홍, 김학준 (2010), "상사에 대한 신뢰가 혁신행동과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향-임파워먼트와 커뮤니케이션의 매개효과를 중심으로", 상업교육연구, 24(2), 105-129.
  5. 박성혁, 모경환, 김명정 (2009), "다문화 군대와 다문화교육의 필요성", 다문화교육연구와 실천, 1, 1-14.
  6. 박용호, 신혜연, 배현경, 조대연 (2013), "군 지휘관 대상 다문화교육훈련 프로그램을 위한 탐색적 모델 연구", HRD연구 (구 인력개발연구), 15(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.18211/KJHRDQ.2013.15.1.003
  7. 성상현 (2005), 한국 기업의 다양성에 대한 탐색적 연구(박사 학위논문), 서울: 연세대학교.
  8. 송운석, 김용빈 (2010), "조직신뢰와 혁신행동과의 관계에 관한 연구: 조직몰입의 매개효과를 중심으로", 사회과학 연구, 26(3), 127-151.
  9. 안석기, 이태섭 (2013), "군 조직의 창의성 향상에 관한 연구", 국방정책연구, 29(4), 183-211. https://doi.org/10.22883/JDPS.2014.29.4.006
  10. 양경흠 (2015), "진성리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 리더신뢰의 매개역할", 한국군사학논집, 71(2), 103-133.
  11. 이갑두 (2011), "전략과 핵심인재관리가 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 중소기업을 중심으로", 산업경제연구, 24(4), 2541-2564.
  12. 이상철, 강병준 (2021), "지속 가능한 국방개혁을 위한 진단과 과제", 국방논단, 제1845호.
  13. 이윤수 (2018), "다문화 군인에 대한 장교들의 인식과 군 정책 방향", 국방정책연구, 24(2), 47-71.
  14. 이종건, 김명희, 성상현 (2012), "다양성과 팀 성과", 인사조직연구, 20(2), 247-280.
  15. 정다운, 전병준 (2019), "조직문화와 혁신행동 간의 관계에서 조직신뢰, 의사소통의 매개효과: 제조업을 중심으로", 아태비즈니스연구, 10(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.32599/apjb.10.1.201903.39
  16. 정동섭 (2019), "심리적 주인의식과 혁신행동에 관한 연구: 직무만족과 직무열의를 중심으로", 아태비즈니스연구, 10(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.32599/apjb.10.1.201903.25
  17. 정현달, 백윤정 (2017), "정보다양성 수용 정도가 종업원 태도에 미치는 영향: 상사소통 및 동료소통의 조절효과", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 18(7), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.7.569
  18. 정현달, 백윤정, 김은실 (2015), "구성원의 다양성 수용 정도가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향-과업갈등과 관계갈등의 매개효과에 대한 탐색적 연구", 인적자원관리연구, 22(2), 87-106.
  19. 조관호, 권현진 (2020), "장기 인구구조 변화를 고려한 인력기획 이슈", 국방논단, 제1832호.
  20. 최보인, 권석균. (2014). "구성원 성격 다양성이 팀 성과와 만족에 미치는 영향과 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과", 인적자원관리연구, 21(5), 47-71.
  21. 최선애 (2010). "다문화 군대를 대비한 민과 군의 준비방향에 관한 제언", 한국군사회복지학, 3, 93-113.
  22. 최수형, 이정미 (2020), "심리적 안정감이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향: 잡 크래프팅(Job Crafting)의 매개효과를 중심으로", 아태비즈니스연구, 11(3), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.32599/apjb.11.3.202009.79
  23. Amabile, T. (1988), "A Model Of Creativity And Innovation In Organizations", Research In Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 123-167.
  24. Ancona, D. and D. Caldwell (1992), "Bridging The Boundary: External Activity And Performance In Organizational Teams", Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4), 634-665. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393475
  25. Baron, R. and D. Kenny (1986), "The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  26. Bieling, G. I. and F. Dorozalla (2014), "Making the Most of Age Diversity: How Age Diversity Climate Contributes to Employee Performance", Academy of Management Proceedings.
  27. Blau, P. M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, Transaction Publishers.
  28. Byrne, D., G. L. Clore Jr and P. Worchel (1966), "Effect of Economic Similarity-Dissimilarity on Interpersonal Attraction", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 220-224. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023559
  29. Cicero, L., A. Pierro and D. V. Knippenberg (2010), "Leadership and Uncertainty: How Role Ambiguity Affects the Relationship between Leader Group Prototypicality and Leadership Effectiveness", British Journal of Management, 21(2), 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2009.00648.x
  30. Cook, J. and T. Wall (1980), "New Work Attitude Measures of Trust, Organizational Commitment and Personal Need Non-fulfilment", Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x
  31. Cox, T. (1994), Cultural Diversity in Organizations: Theory, Research and Practice, Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  32. Daellenbach, U. S., A. M. McCarthy and T. S. Schoenecker (1999), "Commitment to Innovation: The Impact of Top Management Team Characteristics", R&D Management, 29(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00130
  33. Dirks, K. T. (1999), "The Effects of Interpersonal Trust on Work Group Performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.445
  34. Dirks, K. T. and D. L. Ferrin (2002), "Trust in Leadership: Meta-analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611
  35. Gambetta, D. (1988), Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, Blackwell.
  36. Harrison, D. A., K. H. Price and M. P. Bell (1998), "Beyond Relational Demography: Time and the Effects of Surface- and Deep-Level Diversity on Work Group Cohesion", Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.2307/256901
  37. Homan, A. C., D. van Knippenberg, G. A. Van Kleef and C. K. W. De Dreu (2007), "Bridging Faultlines by Valuing Diversity: Diversity Beliefs, Information Elaboration, and Performance in Diverse Work Groups", Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1189-1199. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1189
  38. Homan, A. C., L. L. Greer, K. A. Jehn and L. Koning (2010), "Believing Shapes Seeing: The Impact of Diversity Beliefs on the Construal of Group Composition", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13(4), 477-493. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430209350747
  39. Iles, P. and P. Kaur Hayers (1997), "Managing Diversity in Transnational Project Teams: A Tentative Model and Case Study", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(2), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949710164190
  40. Jackson, S. E. and M. N. Ruderman (1995), Diversity in work teams: Research paradigms for a Changing Workplace, American Psychological Association.
  41. Jackson, S. E., and R. S. Schuler (1995), "Understanding Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizations and Their Environments", Annual Review of Psychology, 46(1), 237-264. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001321
  42. Janssen, O. (2000), "Job Demands, Perceptions of Effort-reward Fairness and Innovative Work Behaviour", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038
  43. Jehn, K. A., and E. A. Mannix (2001), "The Dynamic Nature of Conflict: A Longitudinal Study of Intragroup Conflict and Group Performance", Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 238-251. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069453
  44. Jehn, K. A., G. B. Northcraft and M. A. Neale (1999), "Why Differences Make a Difference: A Field Study of Diversity, Conflict and Performance in Workgroups", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 741-763. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667054
  45. King, N. and N. Anderson (1990), "Innovation in working groups", In Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 81-100.
  46. Lauring, J. and J. Selmer (2012), "Openness to Diversity, Trust and Conflict in Multicultural Organizations", Journal of Management & Organization, 18(6), 795-806. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.6.795
  47. Mamman, A., K. Kamoche and R. Bakuwa (2012), "Diversity, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Organizing Framework", Human Resource Management Review, 22(4), 285-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003
  48. Mayer, R. C., J. H. Davis and F. D. Schoorman (1995). "An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust", Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1995.9508080335
  49. Milliken, F. J. and L. L. Martins (1996), "Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups", Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 402-433. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1996.9605060217
  50. Mitchell, R., S. Nicholas and B. Boyle (2009), "The Role of Openness to Cognitive Diversity and Group Processes in Knowledge Creation", Small Group Research, 40(5), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496409338302
  51. Mumford, M. D. and S. B. Gustafson (1988), "Creativity Syndrome: Integration, Application, and Innovation", Psychological Bulletin, 103(1), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.103.1.27
  52. Nederveen Pieterse, A., D. van Knippenberg and van W. P. Ginkel (2011), "Diversity in Goal Orientation, Team Reflexivity, and Team Performance", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.003
  53. Oldham, G. R. and A. Cummings (1996), "Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work", Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634. https://doi.org/10.2307/256657
  54. Pelled, L. H., K. M. Eisenhardt and K. R. Xin (1999), "Exploring the Black Box: An Analysis of Work Group Diversity, Conflict and Performance", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667029
  55. Preacher, K. J. and A. F. Hayes (2004), "SPSS and SAS Procedures for Estimating Indirect Effects in Simple Mediation Models", Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
  56. Preacher, K. J. and A. F. Hayes (2008), "Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models", Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  57. Richard, O. C. and R. M. Shelor (2002), "Linking Top Management Team Age Heterogeneity to Firm Performance: Juxtaposing Two Mid-range Theories", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(6), 958-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190210134309
  58. Rupprecht, M., K. Birner, H. Gruber and R. H. Mulder (2011), "Dealing with Diversity in Consulting Teams: Results of Two Delphi studies", Human Resource Development International, 14(5)561-581.
  59. Schippers, M. C., D. N. D. Hartog, P. L. Koopman and J. A. Wienk (2003), "Diversity and Team Outcomes: The Moderating Effects of Outcome Interdependence and Group Longevity and the Mediating Effect of Reflexivity", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 779-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.220
  60. Scott, S. G., and R. A. Bruce (1994), "Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace", Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
  61. Shemla, M., B. Meyer, L. Greer and K. A. Jehn (2016), "A Review of Perceived Diversity in Teams: Does How Members Perceive Their Team's Composition Affect Team Processes and Outcomes?", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 89-106.
  62. Solomon, C. M. (1989), "The Corporate Response to Work Force Diversity", Personnel Journal, 68(8), 43-53.
  63. Tan, H. H. and C. S. F. Tan (2000), "Toward the Differentiation of Trust in Supervisor and Trust in Organization", Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(2), 241-260.
  64. Van de Ven, A. H. (1986), "Central Problems in the Management of Innovation", Management Science, 32(5), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.590
  65. Van der Vegt, G. S. and O. Janssen (2003), "Joint Impact of Interdependence and Group Diversity on Innovation", Journal of Management, 29(5), 729-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00033-3
  66. van Knippenberg, D., C. K. W. De Dreu and A. C. Homan (2004), "Work Group Diversity and Group Performance: An Integrative Model and Research Agenda", Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 1008-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.1008
  67. Virick, M., R. M. Goswami and A. Czekajewski (2004), "Diversity Climate: A Reality Check", Academy of Management Proceedings.
  68. West, M. A. and J. L. Farr (1989), "Innovation at Work: Psychological Perspectives", Social Behaviour, 4(1), 15-30.
  69. Williams, K. Y. and C. A. O'Reilly III (1998), "Demography and Diversity in Organizations: A Review of 40 Years of Research", Research in Organizational Behavior, 20, 77-140.