DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

여자 역도선수의 월경상태에 따른 호르몬, 골밀도, 무산소성 운동능력과 등속성 근력의 차이

Difference of Hormone, Bone mineral density, Anaerobic exercise capacity and Isokinetic strength according to menstruation condition in female weightlifters

  • 최선향 (한국체육대학교 사회체육대학원) ;
  • 지무엽 (한국체육대학교 체육학과) ;
  • 송기재 (한국체육대학교 체육학과) ;
  • 오재근 (한국체육대학교 운동건강관리학과) ;
  • 윤진호 (나사렛대학교 스포츠재활전공)
  • Choi, Sun-Hyang (Graduate school of Sports and Leisure studies, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Ji, Mu-Yeop (Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Song, Ki-Jae (Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Oh, Jae-Keun (Health and Exercise Science, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Yoon, Jin-Ho (Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Korea Nazarene University)
  • 투고 : 2021.02.28
  • 심사 : 2021.04.20
  • 발행 : 2021.04.30

초록

이 연구는 여자 역도선수의 월경상태에 따라 정상월경(N=5)과 월경불순(N=5)으로 집단을 설정하여 호르몬, 골밀도, 무산소성 운동능력, 근력의 차이를 규명하기 위해 진행하였다. 집단 간 차이를 확인하기 위해 비모수 검증 방법인 Mann whitney U-test를 실시하였으며, 모든 검증의 유의수준은 p=.05로 설정하였다. 난소 호르몬 측정 결과 에스트라디올(estradiol)과 프로게스테론(progesterone)에서 집단 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 골밀도 측정 결과 모든 변인에서 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 무산소성 운동능력 측정 결과 체중 당 최대파워, 평균파워, 피로지수 모두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 등속성 체간 근력 측정 결과 체중 당 최대회전력, 총 일량, 평균일량 모두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상 월경상태에 따른 집단 간 차이는 없었지만 두 집단 모두 호르몬 수치가 정상범위 내에서 낮은 경향을 미루어 보아 오랜 기간 고강도의 훈련이 난소호르몬에 영향이 있을 수 있다고 생각되며, 추후 월경불순집단에 포함된 세부 월경상태를 다양한 집단으로 세부 분류하고 월경에 영향을 미치는 다양한 질환 등이 포함된 연구 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, female weightlifters were classified as normal menstruation group and irregular menstruation group to investigate the difference in hormone levels, bone mineral density, anaerobic exercise capacity and muscle strength according to the menstruation condition. The results of the study are as follow; Upon assessing the hormone levels of estradiol and progesterone in the luteal phase between groups, there was no significant difference. Upon assessing the bone mineral density of each body part of arms, legs, trunk, ribs, pelvis, spine, and total bone mineral density between groups, that of spine tended to be lower in the irregular menstruation group than the normal menstruation group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Upon assessing the anaerobic exercise capacity between groups there were no significant differences in the maximum power per body weight, mean power per body weight and fatigue index. Upon assessing the isokinetic trunk muscle strength between groups, there were no significant differences in the maximum torque per body weight, total work per body weight, and mean work per body weight. Therefore in future studies, if a variety of study subjects according to menstruation condition by weight division can be secured and reevaluation of various diseases that cause a deficit in the menstruation cycle can be carried out, then it can be useful data for the management of the athlete's condition of female athletes.

키워드

과제정보

This article is a condensed form of the first au-thor's master's thesis from Korea National Sport University.

참고문헌

  1. S. H. Baek & H. S. Kang. (1998). A new understanding of the oriental medical gynecologic property through consideration on menstruation. Journal of Oriental Gynecology, 11(1), 49-59.
  2. M. S. Kyung. (2007). A Study on Women Athletes' Premenstrual Syndroms and Their Satisfaction with Exercise Performance. Master dissertation. Chosun University.
  3. M. L. Hetland, J. Haarbo, C. Christiansen & T. Larsen. (1993). Running induces menstrual disturbances but bone mass is unaffected, except in amenorrheic women. The American journal of medicine, 95(1), 53-60. DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90232-e
  4. H. J Kim, I. S. Lee, J. H. Jang, J. B. Park, Y. W. Kwon & C. K. Kim. (2001). Effect of Dysmenorrhea on Anaerobic Exercise Performance and Muscle Function to Menstrual Cycle Phases. Korean journal of physical education, 40(4), 757-771.
  5. K. K. Yeager, R. Agostini, A. Nattiv & B. Drinkwater (1993). The female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25(7), 775-777. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199307000-00003
  6. K. S. Lim, H. N. Kim, J. S. Shim & Y. S. Jin. (1990). The Effects of Exercise of Menarche and Menstruation, Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 33(9), 1223-1234.
  7. M. M. Shangold, M. L. Gatz & B. Thysen. (1981). Acute effects of exercise on plasma concentrations of prolactin and testosterone in recreational women runners. Fertility and sterility, 35(6), 699-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45568-8
  8. D. L. Ballor & R. E. Keesey. (1991). A meta-analysis of the factors affecting exercise-induced changes in body mass, fat mass and fat-free mass in males and females. International journal of obesity, 15(11), 717-726.
  9. K. Y. Lee & S. S. Kim. (1995). Differential Effects of Exerise on Bone Density in Male Athletes. The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine, 13(1), 67-76.
  10. M. Misra. (2008). Bone density in the adolescent athlete. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 9(2), 139-144. DOI : 10.1007/s11154-008-9077-1
  11. U. Pettersson, P. Nordstrom, H. Alfredson, K. Henriksson-Larsen & R. Lorentzon. (2000). Effect of high impact activity on bone mass and size in adolescent females: a comparative study between two different types of sports. Calcified Tissue International, 67(3), 207-214. DOI : 10.1007/s002230001131
  12. C. M. Lee. (1993). Bone Mineral Content of Female Athlete in Relation to Menstrual Disorders. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women, 7, 105-112.
  13. G. A. Gaesser. (1999). Thinness and weight loss: beneficial or detrimental to longevity?. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 31(8), 1118-1128. DOI : 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00007
  14. American College of Sports Medicine. (1996). Weight loss in wrestlers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 28(6), 9-12.
  15. D. W. Choi, S. P. Ryu, S. C. Lee & Y. B. Kim. (1997). The Changes of Body Composition and Blood Elements by Weight Cycling in Wrestlers. Physical activity and nutrition, 1(1), 29-43.
  16. M. Fogelholm. (1994). Effects of bodyweight reduction on sports performance. Sports Medicine, 18(4), 249-267. DOI : 10.2165/00007256-199418040-00004
  17. N. H. Yeo & B. H. Seo. (2001). A study of Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in Runners. Korean journal of physical education, 40(1), 339-347.
  18. M. L. Dombovy, H. W. Bonekat, T. J. Williams & B. A. Staats. (1987). Exercise performance and ventilatory response in the menstrual cycle. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 19(2), 111-117.
  19. B. N. Davies, J. C. Elford & K. F. Jamieson. (1991). Variations in performance in simple muscle tests at different phases of the menstrual cycle. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 31(4), 532-537.
  20. P. Michelle & M. D. Warren. (2000). The female athlete. Baillier's Clinical Endocrinology and metabolism, 14(1), 37-53. DOI.: 10.1053/beem.2000.0052
  21. M. Giacomoni, T. Bernard, O. Gavarry, S. Altare & G. Falgairette. (2000). Influence of the menstrual cycle phase and menstrual symptoms on maximal anaerobic performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(2), 486-492. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00034
  22. S. S. Lee, Y. Y. Kim, E. H. Park, H. S. Yoo, Y. J. Lim, J. C Byun & D. H. Park. (2000). Effects of Menstruation on Isokinetic TEF Strength and Moods and Moods State in Female Judo Athletes. Korean journal of physical education, 39(3), 525-532.
  23. S. J. Oh & M. G. Lee. (2006). Effects of Diet Habit and Training Status on Characteristics of Menstruation and Eating Disorder in Ballet Dancers, Athletes, and Untrained Collegiate Females. Korean Journal of Sport Science, 17(2), 25-37.
  24. L. D. Plank. (2005). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 8(3), 305-309. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mco.0000165010.31826.3d
  25. American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  26. D. L. Enns & P. M. Tiidus. (2010). The influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle. Sports medicine, 40(1), 41-58. DOI : 10.2165/11319760-000000000-00000
  27. H. O. Critchley, R. W. Kelly, R. M. Brenner & D. T. Baird. (2001). The endocrinology of menstruation-a role for the immune system. Clinical endocrinology, 55(6), 701-710. DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01432.x
  28. T. W. Boyden, R. W. Pamenter, P. Stanforth, T. Rotkis & J. H. Wilmore. (1983). Sex steroids and endurance running in women. Fertility and Sterility, 39(5), 629-632. DOI : 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47057-3
  29. B. Schwartz, D. C. Cumming, E. Riordan, M. Selye, S. S. Yen & R. W. Rebar. (1981). Exercise-associated amenorrhea: A distinct entity? American journal of Obstet. Gynecol, 141, 262-270. DOI : 10.1016/s0002-9378(15)33308-1
  30. B. M. Sherman & S. G. Korenman. (1974). Measurement of serum LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in disorders of the human menstrual cycle: the inadequate luteal phase. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 39(1), 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-39-1-145
  31. H. Ronkainen, A. Pakarinan, P. Kirkinen & A. Kauppila. (1985). Physical exercise-induced changes and season-associated differences in the pituitary-ovarian function of runners and joggers. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 60(3), 416-422. DOI : 10.1210/jcem-60-3-416
  32. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research. (2016). Textbook of Osteoporosis, Koonja.
  33. S. M. Kim et al. (2009). The Relationship between Eating Disorder and Bone Mineral Density in Modern Dancers by age. Official Journal of the Koeran Society of Dance Science, 18, 1-14.
  34. B. L. Drinkwater, K. Nilson, C. H. Chesnut 3rd, W. J. Bremner, S. Shainholtz & M. B. Southworth. (1984). Bone mineral content of amenorrheic and eumenorrheic athletes. New England Journal of Medicine, 311(5), 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198408023110501
  35. E. T. Howley & S. K. Powers. (2017). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance: McGraw-Hill Education.
  36. J. H. Jan. (2008). Influence of Short-term Artificial Menstrual Cycle Management on Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in Women Soccer Players. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls, 22(1), 103-111. UCI : I410-ECN-0101-2015-690-002787523
  37. J. C. Ahn et al. (2005). The Effect of Abs & Back Training Program on Isokinetic Muscular Function in Elite Women Weightlifter. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls, 19(1), 47-54.
  38. C. J. Yoo, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kang & J. O. Yang. (1991). A study on the change pattern on physical fitness accompanied by the change of menstrual phases. Korean journal of physical education, 30(2), 2271-2280.