Advances in concrete construction

  • 제11권4호
  • /
  • Pages.299-306
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2287-5301(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-531X(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pozzolanic properties of trachyte and rhyolite and their effects on alkali-silica reaction

  • Baki, Vahiddin Alperen (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath) ;
  • Nayir, Safa (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University) ;
  • Erdogdu, Sakir (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University) ;
  • Ustabas, Ilker (Department of Civil Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University)
  • 투고 : 2020.03.09
  • 심사 : 2021.02.21
  • 발행 : 2021.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a highly complex chemical reaction which causes damage to concrete and thus adversely affects the durability and service life. Significant damage can occur in concrete structures due to cracking because of the chemical reactions taking place. Various mineral and chemical additives have been used so far to mitigate ASR and/or to reduce its adverse effects. In this study, ground trachyte and rhyolite provided from Rize-Çağrankaya region, Turkey, were used to investigate their effectiveness in controlling ASR-induced damage by substituting them with cement at certain ratios. In this context, initially the possible use of trachyte and rhyolite as pozzolanas was determined in accordance with BS EN 450-1 and TS 25 standards by considering their pozzolanic activities and then their effectiveness in mitigating the ASR was evaluated as per ASTM C 1567-13. In experimental study, blends of trachyte and rhyolite were prepared by substituting them by cement at 25%, 35%, and 50% percentage. Totally 7 mixes were prepared and three samples of 25×25×285 mm mortar bars were prepared from each batch. The length changes of the mortar bars were determined at the end of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. SEM, along with XRD analyses were performed to examine and elementally determine the ASR products that have been formed. The results obtained have shown that ground trachyte and rhyolite used in this study can be used as pozzolanas in concrete and they can also significantly mitigate ASR-induced damage as the substitution ratio increases.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abbas, S., Kazmi, S.M.S. and Munir, M.J. (2017), "Potential of rice husk ash for mitigating the alkali-silica reaction in mortar bars incorporating reactive aggregates", Constr. Build. Mater., 132, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.126.
  2. Abbas, Y.M. (2018), "Simplex-lattice strength and permeability optimization of concrete incorporating silica fume and natural pozzolana", Constr. Build. Mater., 168, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.144.
  3. Afshinnia, K. and Rangaraju, P.R. (2015), "Efficiency of ternary blends containing fine glass powder in mitigating alkali-silica reaction", Constr. Build. Mater., 100, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.043.
  4. ASTM C 1260 (2014), Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, America.
  5. ASTM C 1567-13 (2013), Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, America.
  6. Baingam, L., Nawa, T., Iwatsuki, E. and Awamura, T. (2015), "ASR formation of reactive chert in conducting model experiments at highly alkaline and temperature conditions", Constr. Build. Mater., 95, 820-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.179.
  7. Bektas, F. and Wang, X. (2015), "Statistical mixture design of ternary blends for controlling ASR", Mag. Concrete. Res., 67(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.14.00149.
  8. Bouikni, A., Swamy, R.N. and Bali, A. (2009), "Durability properties of concrete containing 50% and 65% slag", Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 2836-2845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.040.
  9. BS EN 196-1 (2016), Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, British Standard Institution, London, United Kingdom.
  10. Detwiler, R. (1997), "The role of fly ash composition in reducing alkali-silica reaction", PCA R&D Serial No. 2092.
  11. Diaz-Loya, I., Juenger, M., Seraj, S. and Minkara, R. (2017), "Extending supplementary cementitious material resources: Reclaimed and remediated fly ash and natural pozzolanas", Cement Concrete Compos., 101, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.06.011.
  12. Feng, N. and Hao, T. (1998), "Mechanism of natural zeolite powder in preventing alkali-silica reaction in concrete", Adv. Cement. Res., 10(3), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1680/adcr.1998.10.3.101.
  13. Ghafoori, N. and Islam, M. (2013), "Time Series analysis for prediction of ASR-induced expansions", Constr. Build. Mater., 49, 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.015.
  14. Henderson, G.L. (2007), "The use of lithium to prevent or mitigate alkali-silica reaction in concrete pavements and structures", Report, US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
  15. Hu, C., Gautam, B.P. and Panesar, D.K. (2018), "Nanomechanical properties of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) products in concrete measured by nano-indentation", Constr. Build. Mater., 158, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.006.
  16. Kazmi, S.M.S., Patnaikuni, M.J. and Wu, Y.F. (2017), "Pozzolanic reaction of sugarcane bagasse ash and its role in controlling alkali silica reaction", Constr. Build. Mater., 148, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.025.
  17. Mahyar, M., Erdogan, S.T. and Tokyay, M. (2018), "Extension of the chemical index model for estimating Alkali-Silica reaction mitigation efficiency to slags and natural pozzolanas", Constr. Build. Mater., 179, 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.217.
  18. Munir, M.J., Kazmi, S.M.S. and Wu, Y.F. (2017), "Efficiency of waste powder in controlling alkali-silica reaction of concrete: A sustainable approach", Constr. Build. Mater., 154, 590-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.002.
  19. Nayir, S., Erdogdu, S. and Kurbetci, S. (2017), "Effectiveness of mineral additives in mitigating alkali-silica reaction in mortar", Comput. Concrete, 20(6), 705-710. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.6.705.
  20. Neville, A.M. (1997), Properties of Concrete, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
  21. Nguyen, T.N., Yu, Y., Gowripalan, N. and Sirivivatnanon, V. (2019), "Elastic modulus of ASR-affected concrete: An evaluation using Artificial Neural Network", Comput. Concrete, 24(6), 541-553. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.6.541.
  22. Nguyen, T.N., Yu, Y., Li J. and Sirivivatnanon, V. (2020), "An optimised support vector machine model for elastic modulus prediction of concrete subject to Alkali Silica reaction", Proc. 25th Australasian Conf. Mech. Struct. Mater., Singapore. https://doi.org/1007/978-981-13-7603-0_85.
  23. Ozbay, E., Erdemir, M. and Durmus, H.I. (2016), "Utilization and efficiency of ground granulated blast furnace slag on concrete properties- A review", Constr. Build. Mater., 105, 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.153.
  24. Rajabipour, F., Giannini, E., Dunant, C., Ideker, J.H. and Thomas, M.D.A. (2015), "Alkali-Silica reaction: Current understanding of the reaction mechanisms and knowledge of gaps", Cement Concrete Res., 76, 130-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.024.
  25. Ramlochan, T., Thomas, M. and Gruber, K.A. (2000), "The effect of metakaolin on alkali-silica reaction in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 30(3), 339-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00261-6.
  26. Shafaatian, S.M.H., Akhavan, A., Maraghecni, H. and Rajabiour, F. (2013), "How does fly ash mitigate alkali-silica reaction in accelerated mortar bar test?", Cement Concrete Compos., 37, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.11.004.
  27. Shehata, M.H. and Thomas, M.D.A. (2010), "The role of alkali content of Portland cement on the expansion of concrete prisms containing reactive aggregates and supplementary cementing materials", Cement Concrete Res., 40, 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.009.
  28. Shon, C.S. and Kim, Y.S. (2013), "Evaluation of West Texas natural zeolite as an alternative of ASTM Class F fly ash", Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.041.
  29. Stanton, T.E. (1940), "Expansion of concrete through reaction between cement and aggregate", Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 66(10), 1781-1811.
  30. Swamy, R.N. (2002), The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  31. Thomas, M., Dunster, A., Nixon, P. and Blackwell, B. (2011), "Effect of fly ash on the expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction-Exposure site studies", Cement and Concrete compos., 33, 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.11.006.
  32. TS 25 (2008), Natural Pozzolana (Trass) for use in Cement and Concrete-Definitions, Requirements and Conformity Criteria, Turkish standards, Ankara (in Turkish).
  33. Turk, K., Kina, C. and Bagdiken, M. (2017), "Use of binary and ternary cementitious blends of F-Class fly-ash and limestone powder to mitigate alkali-silica reaction risk", Constr. Build. Mater., 151, 422-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.075.
  34. Ustabas, I. and Kaya, A. (2018), "Comparing the pozzolanic activity properties of obsidian to those of fly ash and blast furnace slag", Constr. Build. Mater., 164, 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.185.
  35. Yu, L., Zhou, S. and Deng, W. (2015), "Properties and pozzolanic reaction degree of tuff in cement-based composite", Adv. Concrete Constr., 3(1), 71-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.1.071.
  36. Yu, Y., Nguyen, T.N., Li, J., Sanchez, L.F.M. and Nguyen, A. (2021), "Predicting elastic modulus degradation of alkali silica reaction affected concrete using soft computing techniques: A comparative study", Constr. Build. Mater., 274, 122024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122024.
  37. Yu, Y., Zhand, C., Gu, X. and Cui, Y. (2019), "Expansion prediction of alkali aggregate reactivity-affected concrete structures using a hybrid soft computing method", Neur. Comput. Appl., 31, 8641-8660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3679-7.
  38. Zahira, S.N. and Aissa, A. (2015), "Modelling the alkali-aggregate reaction expansion in concrete", Comput. Concrete, 16(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.1.037.
  39. Zheng, K. (2016), "Pozzolanic reaction of glass powder and its role in controlling alkali-silica reaction", Cement. Concrete. Compos., 67, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.12.008.

피인용 문헌

  1. Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties vol.26, pp.17, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175348