DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of blasting impact on limestone of varying quality using FEA

  • Dimitraki, Lamprini S. (School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) ;
  • Christaras, Basile G. (School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) ;
  • Arampelos, Nikolas D. (School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)
  • 투고 : 2021.01.07
  • 심사 : 2021.03.29
  • 발행 : 2021.04.25

초록

Large deformation and rapid pressure propagation take place inside the rock mass under the dynamic loads caused by the explosives, on quarry faces in order to extract aggregate material. The complexity of the science of rock blasting is due to a number of factors that affect the phenomenon. However, blasting engineering computations could be facilitated by innovative software algorithms in order to determine the results of the violent explosion, since field experiments are particularly difficult to be conducted. The present research focuses on the design of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, for investigating in detail the behavior of limestone under the blasting effect of Ammonium Nitrate & Fuel Oil (ANFO). Specifically, the manuscript presents the FEA models and the relevant transient analysis results, simulating the blasting process for three types of limestone, ranging from poor to very good quality. The Finite Element code was developed by applying the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state to describe the thermodynamic state of ANFO and the pressure dependent Drucker-Prager failure criterion to define the limestone plasticity behavior, under blasting induced, high rate stress. A progressive damage model was also used in order to define the stiffness degradation and destruction of the material. This paper performs a comparative analysis and quantifies the phenomena regarding pressure, stress distribution and energy balance, for three types of limestone. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide an answer for a number of scientific questions, considering various phenomena taking place during the explosion event, using advanced computational tools.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abbey, T. (2019), Introduction to FEA-NAFEMS Training Course on Basic FEA, NAFEMS Publications, Glasgow, U.K.
  2. Alejano, L. and Bobet, A. (2012), "Drucker-Prager criterion", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45, 995-999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0278-2.
  3. Bhandari, S. (1997), Engineering Rock Blasting Operations, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  4. Christaras, B. (1996), "Non destructive methods for investigation of some mechanical properties of natural stones in the protection of monuments", B. Int. Assoc. Eng. Geol., 54(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600697.
  5. Clark, B. (1987), Principles of Rock Fragmentation, John Wiley & Sons Inc., London, U.K.
  6. Diehl, T. (2012), Using Advanced Energy Methods to Enhance FEA And Experiments, Smart Tools for Analysis -Bodie Technology Inc.
  7. Dimitraki, L., Christaras, B., Marinos, V., Vlahavas, I. and Arampelos, N. (2019), "Predicting the average size of blasted rocks in aggregate quarries using artificial neural networks", B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78(4), 2717-2729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1270-1.
  8. Dimitraki, L., Christaras, V., Marinos, V. and Chatziangelou, M. (2016), "The use of ultrasonic velocity for determining mechanical characteristics of limestones", Proceedings of the 15th Symposium Society of Geological Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, September.
  9. Drucker, D.C. and Prager, W. (1952), "Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design", Quart. Appl. Math., 10(2), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/48291
  10. Franklin, A. and Maerz, H. (1989), "Photographic measurements of jointing and fragmentation", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 26(6), 313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(89)91642-2.
  11. Golshani, A., Oda, M., Okui, Y., Takemura, T. and Munkhtogoo, E. (2007), "Numerical simulation of the excavation damaged zone around an opening in brittle rock", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 44(6), 835-845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.12.005.
  12. Hansson, H. (2009), "Determination of properties for emulsion explosives using cylinder expansion tests and numerical simulation", Research Report No. 1, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-Division of Rock Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
  13. Jaeger, J., Cook N. and Zimmerman R. (2007), Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, (4th Edition), Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  14. Kuznetsov, M. (1973), "The mean diameter of the fragments formed by blasting rock", Soviet Min., 9, 144-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506177.
  15. Kwon, S., Lee, C.S., Cho, S.J., Jeon, S.W. and Cho, W.J. (2009), "An investigation of the excavation damaged zone at the KAERI underground research tunnel", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 24(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.01.004.
  16. Li, H.B., Xia, X., Li, J. C., Zhao, J., Liu, B. and Liu, Y.Q. (2011), "Rock damage control in bedrock blasting excavation for a nuclear power plant", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 48(2), 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.11.016.
  17. Li, W., An, X. and Li, H. (2018), "Limestone mechanical deformation behavior and failure mechanisms: A review", Acta Geochimica, 37(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-017-0259-y.
  18. Lilly, A. (1986), "Empirical method of assessing rock mass blastability", Proceedings of the Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, California, U.S.A., October.
  19. Liu, F., Silva, J., Yang S., Lv, H. and Zhang, J. (2019), "Influence of explosives distribution on coal fragmentation in top-coal caving mining", Geomech. Eng., 18(2), 111-119. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.2.111.
  20. Ma, G. and An, X. (2008), "Numerical simulation of blasting-induced rock fractures", International Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 45(6), 966-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.12.002.
  21. Menikoff, R. (2017), "JWL equation of state", Technical Report No.LA-UR-15-29536, Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, U.S.A.
  22. Mohanty, B., (1996), Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, (1st Edition), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.
  23. Nie, L. and Olsson, M. (2000), "Study of mechanism by measuring pressure history in blast holes and crack lengths in rock", Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A., January.
  24. Ozacar, V. (2018), "New methodology to prevent blasting damages for shallow tunnel", Geomech. Eng., 15(6), 1227-1236. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.6.1227.
  25. Potts, D. and Zdravkovic, l. (1999), Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering Theory, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, U.K.
  26. Qi, C., Wang, M., Bai, J., Wei, X. and Wang, H. (2016), "Investigation into size and strain rate effects on the strength of rock-like materials", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 86, 132-140. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.04.008.
  27. Qiu, X., Hao, Y., Shi, X., Hao H., Zhang, S. and Gou, Y. (2018), "Numerical simulation of stress wave interaction in short-delay blasting with a single free surface", PLoS One, 13(9), e0204166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204166.
  28. Rosa, D. and Thornton, D. (2011), "Blast movement modeling and measurement", Proceedings of the 35th Apcom Symposium, Wollongong, Australia, September.
  29. Rustan, A., Vutukur,i S., Naartijarvi, T. (1983), "The influence from specific charge, geometric scale and physical properties of homogenous rock on fragmentation", Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Lulea, Sweden, August.
  30. Sanchidrian, S., Castedo, R., Lopez, L., Segarra, P. and Santos, A. (2015), "Determination of the JWL constants for ANFO and emulsion explosives from cylinder test data", Central Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 12(2), 177-194.
  31. Sazid, M. and Singh, T. (2012), "Two dimensional dynamic finite element simulation of rock blasting", Arab. J. Geosci., 6, 3703-3708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0632-4 .
  32. Scott, A., Chitombo, P. and Kleine, T. (1993), "The challenge of the prediction and control of fragmentation in mining", Proceedings of 4th International Symposium of Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Vienna, Austria, July.
  33. Singh, P., Roy, M., Paswan, R., Sarim, M., Kumar, S. and Jha, R. (2016), "Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(2), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.10.005.
  34. Song, Z., Li, S., Wang, J., Sun,Z., Liu, J. and Chang, Y. (2018), "Determination of equivalent blasting load considering millisecond delay effect", Geomech. Eng., 15(2), 745-754. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.2.745.
  35. Souers, C., Wu. B. and Haselman, C. (1996), "Detonation equation of state at LLNL, 1995", Technical Report No. UCRL-ID-119262-Rev.3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, U.S.A.
  36. Stagg, S., Otterness, E. and Siskind, E. (1992), "Effects of blasting practices on fragmentation", Proceedings of the 33rd US Symposium in Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, New Mexico, June.
  37. Stowe, R. (1969), "Strength and deformation properties of granite, basalt, limestone and tuff at various loading tests", Research Report No.69185, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CORPS OF ENGINEERS, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.
  38. Wawersik, W. and Fairhurst, C. (1970), "A study of brittle rock fracture in laboratory compression experiments", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 7(5), 561-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(70)90007-0.
  39. Yang, R., Bawden, W.F. and Katsabanis, P.D. (1996), "A new constitutive model for blast damage", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 33(8), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)87490-6.
  40. Zhang, Y., Ding, X., Huang, S., Qin, Y., Li, P. and Li, Y. (2018), "Field measurement and numerical simulation of excavation damaged zone in a 2000 m-deep cavern", Geomech. Eng., 16(4), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.4.399.
  41. Zhang, Z.X. (2016), Rock Fracture and Blasting, Theory and Applications, Butterworth-Heinemann- Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.
  42. Zhou, Z. (2010), "Numerical study of rock fracturing during blasting excavation", Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering, Wuhan, China, June.