Membrane and Water Treatment

  • 제12권2호
  • /
  • Pages.83-93
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2005-8624(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7037(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fluoride removal using Alum & PACl in batch & continuous mode with subsequent microfiltration

  • Dubey, Swati (Department of Chemical Engg. Banasthali Vidyapith Rajasthan) ;
  • Agarwal, Madhu (Department of Chemical Engg., Malaviya National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Gupta, A.B. (Department of Civil Engg. Malaviya National Institute of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2020.02.01
  • 심사 : 2021.04.12
  • 발행 : 2021.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, defluoridation efficiency by aluminium sulphate (alum) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were compared for recommended Nalgonda dose (100%) and 80% of this dose in both batch and continuous modes. The residual turbidity was found to be higher in case of alum as compared to PACl with 80% dose representing lesser efficient settling of suspensions, which primarily comprise alumino-fluoro complexes that result in high residual aluminium in the treated water and this was confirmed by TEM and Zeta analysis. Moreover, the application of PACl also resulted in much lesser addition to the TDS and also required lesser lime for pH compensation due to its lower acidity. Hence this reduced dose was recommended for defluoridation. It was also observed that in case of alum, residual aluminium in treated water was 0.88 mg/L (100% dose) & 0.72 mg/L (80% dose) and in case of PACl, it was 0.52 mg/L(100% dose) & 0.41 mg/L(80% dose). After subsequent microfiltration, residual aluminium was 0.28 & 0.21 mg/L for 100% & 80% dose respectively and in case of alum and in case of PACl, it was 0.16 & 0.11 for 100% & 80% dose respectively, which conform to the Al standards(<0.2 mg/L).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Agarwal, K.C., Gupta, S.K. and Gupta, A.B. (1999), "Development of new low cost defluoridation technology (KRASS)", Water Sci. Technol., 40(2), 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1223(99)00440-0.
  2. Agarwal, M., Dubey, S. and Gupta, A.B. (2017), "Coagulation process for fluoride removal by comparative evaluation of Alum & PACl coagulants with subsequent membrane microfiltration", Int. J. Environ. Technol. Manag., 20(3-4), 200-224. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.089650.
  3. Asadollahfardi, G., Zangooei, H., Motamedi, V. and Davoodi, M. (2018), "Selection of coagulant using jar test and analytic hierarchy process: A case study of Mazandaran textile wastewater", Adv. Environ. Res., 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2018.7.1.001.
  4. Ayoob, S., Gupta, A.K. and Bhat, V.T. (2008), "A conceptual overview on sustainable technologies for the defluoridation of drinking water", Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Technol., 38(6), 401-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380701413310.
  5. Bulusu, K.R., Nawlakhe, W.G., Patil, A.R. and Karthikeyan, G. (1994) "Water quality & defluoridation techniques", Vol. 2, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, Ministry Of Rural Development, New Delhi, India.
  6. Coufort, C., Dumas, C., Bouyer, D. and Line, A. (2008), "Analysis of floc size distributions in a mixing tank", Chem. Eng. Process. Process. Intens., 47(3), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2007.01.009.
  7. Dubey, S., Agarwal, M. and Gupta, A.B. (2017a), "A study on the characterisation of the species formed during fluoride removal through coagulation", Interdiscipl. Environ. Rev., 18(2), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1504/IER.2017.087914.
  8. Dubey, S., Agarwal, M., Gupta, A.B., Dohare, R.K. and Upadhyaya, S. (2017b), "Automation and control of water treatment plant for defluoridation", Int. J. Adv. Technol. Eng. Explor., 4(26), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.19101/IJATEE.2017.426002.
  9. Dubey, S., Agarwal, M. and Gupta, A.B. (2018a), "Recent developments in defluoridation of drinking water in India", Environ. Pollut., 77, 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5792-2_28.
  10. Dubey, S., Agarwal, M. and Gupta, A.B. (2018b), "Experimental investigation of Al-F species formation and transformation during coagulation for fluoride removal using alum and PACl", J. Mol. Liq., 266, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.080.
  11. Dubey, S., Agrawal, M. and Gupta, A.B. (2018c), "Advances in coagulation technique for treatment of fluoride-contaminated water: A critical review", Rev. Chem. Eng., 35(2), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0043.
  12. Emamjomeh, M.M., Sivakumar, M. and Varyani, A.S. (2011), "Analysis and the understanding of fluoride removal mechanisms by an electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) process", Desalination, 275(1-3), 102-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.02.032.
  13. Gebbie, P. (2001), "Using Polyaluminium Coagulants in Water Treatment", Proceedings of the 64th Annual Water Industry Engineers and Operators, Bendigo, Australia, September.
  14. Geng, Y. (2005), "Application of flocs analysis for coagulation optimization at the split lake water treatment plant", M.S. Dissertation, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
  15. George, S., Pandit, P. and Gupta, A.B. (2010), "Residual aluminium in water defluoridated using activated alumina adsorption - Modeling and simulation studies", Water Res., 44(10), 3055-3064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.028.
  16. Gong, W.X., Qu, J.H., Liu, R.P. and Lan, H.C. (2012), "Effect of aluminum fluoride complexation on fluoride removal by coagulation", Colloid Surface A, 395, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.010.
  17. Gorchev, H.G. and Ozolins, G. (2011), WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, WHO Chronicle.
  18. Gupta, A.B., Gupta, S.K., Agarwal, K.C. and Gupta, A. (1999), "Use of Aluminum salts in defluoridation: A cause of concern", Proceedings of the National Seminar on Fluoride Contamination, Udaipur, India.
  19. He, W. and Nan, J. (2012), "Study on the impact of particle size distribution on turbidity in water", Desalin. Water Treat., 41(1-3), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.664675.
  20. He, Z., Lan, H., Gong, W., Liu, R., Gao, Y., Liu, H. and Qu, J. (2016), "Coagulation behaviors of aluminum salts towards fluoride: Significance of aluminum speciation and transformation", Sep. Purif. Technol., 165, 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.017.
  21. Hem, J.D. and Roberson, C.E. (1967). "Form and stability of aluminum hydroxide complexes in dilute solution", Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1827-A, United States Department of the Interior.
  22. Hu, C.Y., Lo, S.L. and Kuan, W.H. (2003), "Effects of co-existing anions on fluoride removal in electrocoagulation (EC) process using aluminum electrodes", Water Res., 37(18), 4513-4523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00378-6.
  23. Jiao, R., Xu, H., Xu, W., Yang, X. and Wang, D. (2015), "Influence of coagulation mechanisms on the residual aluminum - The roles of coagulant species and MW of organic matter", J. Hazard. Mater., 290, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.041.
  24. Kaseva, M.E. (2006), "Optimization of regenerated bone char for fluoride removal in drinking water: A case study in Tanzania", J. Water Health, 4(1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.062.
  25. Khairnar, M.R., Dodamani, A.S., Jadhav, H.C., Naik, R.G. and Deshmukh, M.A. (2015), "Mitigation of fluorosis - a review", J. Clin. Diagnostic Res., 9(6), 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13261.6085.
  26. Lee, S.Y. and Gagnon, G.A. (2016), "Comparing the growth and structure of flocs from electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation", J. Water Proc. Eng., 10, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.012.
  27. Maeng, S.K., Timmes, T.C. and Kim, H.C. (2017), "Effect of coagulation conditions on ultrafiltration for wastewater effluent", Membr. Water Treat., 8(2), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2017.8.2.185.
  28. Meenakshi, and Maheshwari, R.C. (2006), "Fluoride in drinking water and its removal", J. Hazard. Mater., 137(1), 456-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.024.
  29. Ndiaye, P.I., Moulin, P., Dominguez, L., Millet, J.C. and Charbit, F. (2005), "Removal of fluoride from electronic industrial effluentby RO membrane separation", Desalination, 173(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.07.042.
  30. Parthasarathy, N. and Buffle, J. (1986), "Study of interaction of polymeric aluminium hydroxide with fluoride", Fluoride, 64(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1139/v86-006.
  31. Selvapathy, P. and Arjunan, N.K. (1995), "Aluminium residues in water", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Approximate Waste Management Technologies for Developing Countries, Nagpur, India, February.
  32. Serra, T., Colomer, J. and Logan, B.E. (2008), "Efficiency of different shear devices on flocculation", Water Res., 42(4-5), 1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.08.027.
  33. Singh, J., Singh, P. and Singh, A. (2016), "Fluoride ions vs. removal technologies: A study", Arab. J. Chem., 9(6), 815-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.005.
  34. Tang, H., Xiao, F. and Wang, D. (2015), "Speciation, stability, and coagulation mechanisms of hydroxyl aluminum clusters formed by PACl and alum: A critical review", Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 226, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.09.002.
  35. Tiaiba, M., Merzouk, B., Mazour, M., Leclerc, J.P. and Lapicque, F. (2018), "Study of chemical coagulation conditions for a disperse red dye removal from aqueous solutions", Membr. Water Treat., 9(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2018.9.1.009.
  36. Vucina-Vujovic, A.J., Jankovic, I.A., Milonjic, S.K. and Nedeljkovic, J.M. (2003), "Influence of AlOOH nanoparticles on the oxidation of iodide by persulphate", Colloid Surface A, 223(1-3), 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00197-3.
  37. Wu, X., Ge, X., Wang, D. and Tang, H. (2007), "Distinct coagulation mechanism and model between alum and high Al 13 -PACl", Colloid Surface A, 305, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.046.
  38. Yao, M., Nan, J. and Chen, T. (2014), "Effect of particle size distribution on turbidity under various water quality levels during flocculation processes", Desalination, 354, 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.029.