References
- Akay A, Onder S. 2016. Ecological benefits of urban trees. In: 2nd International Conference on Science, Ecology and Technology-2016 (ICONSETE'2016) (Zengin M, Arik F, Oden MK, Yildiztugay E, Gok O, eds). ICONSETE, Barcelona, pp 185-194.
- Akbari H, Pomerantz M, Taha H. 2001. Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Sol Energy 70: 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X
- Amao FL. 2012. Urbanization, housing quality and environmental degeneration in Nigeria. J Geography and Regional Planning 5: 422-429. https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP12.060
- Aliyu AA, Amadu L. 2017. Urbanization, Cities, and Health: The Challenges to Nigeria- A Review. Ann Afr Med 16: 149-158. https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_1_17
- Aluko OE. 2010. The Impact of Urbanization on Housing Development: The Lagos Experience, Nigeria. Ethiop J Environ Stud Manag 3: 64-74.
- Belcakova I, Swiader M, Bartyna-Zielinska M. 2019. The Green Infrastructure in Cities as A Tool for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Slovakian and Polish Experiences. Atmosphere 10: 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090552
- Benedict MA, McMahon ET. 2002. Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century. Renew Res J 20: 12-17.
- Borelli S, Chen Y, Conigliaro M, Salbitano F. 2015. Green infrastructure: a new paradigm for developing cities. In: XIV World Forestry Congress; Durban, South Africa; Sep 7-11, 2015.
- Boyko CT, MacKenzie AR, Leung H. 2015. In spite of our own best interests: lessons from an interdisciplinary project on urban sustainability. J Geogr High Educ 39: 206-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2014.956296
- Burden D. 2006. Urban Street Trees: 22 Benefits of Urban Street Trees. www.walkable.org Accessed 27 Feb 2020.
- Cities Alliance. 2006. Foundations for Urban Development in Africa: the Legacy of Akin Mabogunje. Cities Alliance, Washington, DC, 130 pp.
- Cohen B. 2004. Urban Growth in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Trends and a Caution Regarding Existing Forecasts. World Dev 32: 23-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.04.008
- Cohen B. 2006. Urbanization in Developing Countries: Current Trends, Future Projections, and Key Challenges for Sustainability. Technol Soc 28: 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.10.005
- Conway TM, Urbani L. 2007. Variations in municipal urban forestry policies: a case study of Toronto, Canada. Urban For Urban Green 6: 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.07.003
- Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK, Meyer L. 2014. Climate change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, 151 pp.
- Donovan GH. 2017. Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making. Urban For Urban Green 22: 120-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.02.010
- Dwivedi P, Rathore CS, Dubey Y. 2009. Ecological benefits of urban forestry: the case of Kerwa Forest Area (KFA), Bhopal, India. Appl Geogr 29: 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.08.008
- Escobedo FJ, Kroeger T, Wagner JE. 2011. Urban forests and pollution mitigation: analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environ Pollut 159: 2078-2087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.010
- Falade JB. 1989. Amenity and open space planning in Nigeria. Land Use Policy 6: 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(89)90042-2
- Ferrini F, Fini A. 2011. Sustainable management techniques for trees in the urban areas. J Biodivers Ecol Sci 1: 1-19.
- Franklin JF, Shugart HH, Harmon ME. 1987. Tree Death as an Ecological Process. Bioscience 37: 550-556. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310665
- Frigeri JV, Krefta SM, Paula AS, Germano AD, Krefta SC. 2017. Environmental and socioeconomic benefits of urban trees. rLAS 2: 66-77.
- Goncalves A, Ribeiro AC, Maia F, Nunes L, Feliciano M. 2019. Influence of Green Spaces on Outdoors Thermal Comfort-Structured Experiment in a Mediterranean Climate. Climate 7: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7020020
- Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, Redman CL, Wu J, Bai X, Briggs JM. 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319: 756-760. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195
- Hale JD, Pugh TAM, Sadler JP, Boyko CT, Brown J, Caputo S, Caserio M, Coles R, Farmani R, Hales C, Horsey R, Hunt DVL, Leach JM, Rogers CDF, MacKenzie AR. 2015. Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest. Sustainability 7: 4600-4624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044600
- Hansmann R, Whitehead I, Ostoic SK, Zivojinovic I, Stojanovska M, Jones N, Bernasconi A, Benamar S, Lelieveld C, Barstad J. 2016. Partnerships for Urban Forestry and Green Infrastructure Delivering Services to People and the Environment: A Review on What They Are and Aim to Achieve. South-east Eur For 7: 9-19.
- Harvey J. 2000. Urban Land Economics. 5th ed. Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp 256-257.
- Hilbert DR, Roman LA, Koeser AK, Vogt J, van Doorn NS. 2019. Urban Tree Mortality: A Literature Review. Arboric Urban For 45: 167-200.
- Hsieh CM, Jan FC, Zhang L. 2016. A simplified assessment of how tree allocation, wind environment, and shading affect human comfort. Urban For Urban Green 18: 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.05.006
- Huang YJ, Akbari H, Taha H. 1990. The Wind-Shielding and Shading Effects of Trees on Residential Heating and Cooling Requirements. ASHRAE Transactions 96: 1403-1411.
- Idiata D. 2016. Understanding the Role of Green Infrastructure (GI) in Tackling Climate Change in Today's World. Int J Environ Sustain 5: 35-45. https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v5i1.661
- Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2014. Climate Change Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 151.
- Jones S, Somper C. 2014. The role of green infrastructure in climate change adaptation in London. Geogr J 180: 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12059
- Kabisch N, Strohbach M, Haase D, Kronenberg J. 2016. Urban green space availability in European cities. Ecol Indic 70: 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.02.029
- Kambites C, Owen S. 2006. Renewed prospects for green infra-structure planning in the UK. Plan Pract Res 21: 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697450601173413
- Kane B, Kirwan J. 2009. Value, Benefits, and Costs of Urban Trees. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication 420-181. pp 1-4.
- Koeser AK, Gilman EF, Paz M, Harchick C. 2014. Factors influencing urban tree planting program growth and survival in Florida, United States. Urban For Urban Green 13: 655-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2014.06.005
- Konijnendijk CC. 2001. Urban forestry in Europe. In: World Forests, Markets and Policies (Palo M, Uusivuori J, Mery G, eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 413-424.
- Konijnendijk CC. 2011. Innovations in urban forest governance in Europe. In: Trees, People and the Built Environment Proceedings of the Urban Trees Research Conference 13-14 April 2011 (Johnston M, Percival G, eds). Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, pp 141-147.
- Konijnendijk CC, Randrup TB, Nilsson K. 2000. Urban Forestry Research in Europe: An Overview. J Arboric 26: 152-161.
- Konijnendijk CC, Ricard RM, Kenney A, Randrup TB. 2006. Defining Urban Forestry- A Comparative Perspective of North America and Europe. Urban For Urban Green 4: 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2005.11.003
- Kuchelmeister G. 2000. Trees for the Urban Millennium: Urban Forestry Update: Contributions and Management of Urban Forestry in an Increasingly Urbanized World. Unasylva 200: 49-55.
- Kumar K, Hundal LS. 2016. Soil in the City: Sustainably Improving Urban Soils. J Environ Qual 45: 2-8. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.11.0589
- Lanrewaju AF. 2012. Urbanization, housing quality and environmental degeneration in Nigeria. J Geogr Reg Plan 5: 422-429. https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP12.060
- Lawrence A, De Vreese R, Johnston M, Konijnendijk CC, Sanesi G. 2013. Urban forest governance: towards a framework for comparing approaches. Urban For Urban Green 12: 464-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2013.05.002
- Lombardi DR, Leach JM, Rogers CDF, Aston R, Barber A, Boyko CT, Brown J, Bryson J, Butler D, Caputo S, Caserio M, Coles R, Cooper RFD, Coyne R, Farmani R, Gaterell M, Hale J, Hales C, Hewitt CN, Hunt DVL, Jancovic L, Jefferson I, MacKenzie AR, Memon FA, Phenix-Walker R, Pugh TAM, Sadler JP, Weingaertnerand C, Whyatt JD. 2012. Designing Resilient Cities: A Guide to Good Practice. IHS BRE Press, Bracknell, 128 pp.
- Lu JWT, Svendsen ES, Campbell LK, Greenfeld J, Braden J, King KL, Falxa-Raymond N. 2010. Biological, social, and urban design factors affecting young street tree mortality in New York City. Cities Environ 3: 1-15.
- Mabo CB. 2006. Temperature variation in northern Nigeria between 1970 and 2000. J Energy Environ 19: 80-88.
- Mabogunje AL. 1974. Towards an Urban Policy in Nigeria. Nigerian J Econ Soc Stud 16: 85-98.
- McPherson EG, Nowak D, Heisler G, Grimmond S, Souch C, Grant R, Rowntree R. 1997. Quantifying Urban Forest Structure, Function, and Value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Urban Ecosyst 1: 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014350822458
- Miller RW. 1997. Urban Forestry: Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp 27.
- Moore GM. 2006. Urban Trees and the Global Greenhouse. In: The 7th National Street Tree Symposium; Adelaide, Australia; Sep 7-8, 2006.
- Nowak DJ, Crane DE, Stevens JC. 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban For Urban Green 4: 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.01.007
- Nowak DJ, Hoehn R, Crane DE. 2007. Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboric Urban For 33: 220-226. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2007.026
- Nowak DJ, Kuroda M, Crane DE. 2004. Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Urban For Urban Green 2: 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1078/1618-8667-00030
- Odjugo PAO. 2011. Climate Change and Global Warming: the Nigerian Perspective. J Sustain Dev Environ Prot 1: 6-17.
- Olagunju TE. 2015. Drought, desertification and the Nigerian environment: a review. J Ecol Nat Environ 7: 196-209. https://doi.org/10.5897/JENE2015.0523
- Olaleye DO. 2013. Community Greening in Pre and Post Climate Change Knowledge Era in Third World Cities: Case study of Lagos, Nigeria. Civil Environ Res 3: 1-11.
- Oldfield EE, Felson AJ, Wood SA, Hallett RA, Strickland MS, Bradford MA. 2014. Positive effects of afforestation efforts on the health of urban soils. For Ecol Manag 313: 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.027
- Onokerhoraye AG, Omuta GED. 1994. Urban Systems and Planning for Africa. University of Benin, Benin City, 214 pp.
- Oyeleye OI. 2013. Challenges of Urbanization and Urban Growth in Nigeria. Am J Sustain Cities Soc 2: 79-95.
- Petts J, Owens S, Bulkeley H. 2008. Crossing boundaries: Interdisciplinarity in the context of urban environments. Geoforum 39: 593-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.02.008
- Pincetl S. 2010. Implementing Municipal Tree Planting: Los Angeles Million-Tree Initiative. Environ Manag 45: 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9412-7
- Pincetl S, Gillespie T, Pataki D, Saatchi S, Saphores J. 2013. Urban tree planting programs, function or fashion? Los Angeles and urban tree planting campaigns. GeoJournal 78: 475-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-012-9446-x
- Pregitzer CC, Sonti NF, Hallett RA. 2016. Variability in urban soils influences the health and growth of native tree seedlings. Ecol Restor 34: 106-116. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.34.2.106
- Putz M, Schmid S, Bernasconi A, Wolf B. 2015. Urban Forestry: Definition, Trends und Folgerungen fur die Waldakteure in der Schweiz. Swiss For J 166: 230-237.
- Rogers CDF, Lombardi DR, Leach JM, Cooper RFD. 2012. The urban futures methodology applied to urban regeneration. Proc Inst Civ Eng Eng Sustain 165: 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1680/ensu.2012.165.1.5
- Roman LA, Battles JJ, McBride JR. 2014. Determinants of establishment survival for residential trees in Sacramento County, CA. Landsc Urban Plan 129: 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.05.004
- Roman LA, Battles JJ, McBride JR. 2016. Urban Tree Mortality: a Primer on Demographic Approaches. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA, 24 pp.
- Roman LA, Pearsall H, Eisenman TS, Conway TM, Fahey RT, Landry S, Vogt J, van Doorn NS, Grove JM, Locke DH, Bardekjian AC, Battles JJ, Cadenasso ML, Konijnendijk van den Bosch CC, Avolio M, Berland A, Jenerette GD, Mincey SK, Pataki DE, Staudhammer C. 2018. Human and biophysical legacies shape contemporary urban forests: a literature synthesis. Urban For Urban Green 31: 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.03.004
- Roman LA, Scatena FN. 2011. Street tree survival rates: meta-analysis of previous studies and application to a field survey in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Urban For Urban Green 10: 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.008
- Roman LA, Walker LA, Martineau CM, Muffly DJ, MacQueen SA, Harris W. 2015. Stewardship matters: Case studies in establishment success of urban trees. Urban For Urban Green 14: 1174-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.11.001
- Saebo A, Borzan Z, Ducatillion C, Hatzistathis A, Lagerstrom T, Supuka J, Garcia-Valdecantos JL, Rego F, Slycken JV. 2005. The selection of plant materials for street trees, park trees and urban woodland. In: Urban Forests and Trees (Konijnendijk C, Nilsson K, Randrup T, Schipperijn J, eds). Springer, Berlin, pp 257-280.
- Sanders J, Grabosky J, Cowie P. 2013. Establishing maximum size expectations for urban trees with regard to designed space. Arboric Urban For 39: 68-73.
- Sherman AR, Kane B, Autio WA, Harris JR, Ryan DP. 2016. Establishment period of street trees growing in the Boston, MA metropolitan area. Urban For Urban Green 19: 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.07.006
- Sturiale L, Scuderi A. 2019. The Role of Green Infrastructures in Urban Planning for Climate Change Adaptation. Climate 7: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7100119
- Tubby KV, Webber JF. 2010. Pests and diseases threatening urban trees under a changing climate. Forestry 83: 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpq027
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2015. World Urbanization Prospects: the 2014 Revision. United Nations, New York, NY, pp 517.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. Evaluation of Urban Soils: Suitability for Green Infrastructure or Urban Agriculture. No. 905R1103.
- Urban J. 2008. Up by Roots: Healthy Soils and Trees in the Built Environment. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL, 479 pp.
- Widney S, Fischer BC, Vogt J. 2016. Tree Mortality Undercuts Ability of Tree-Planting Programs to Provide Benefits: Results of a Three-City Study. Forests 7: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7030065
- Wright H. 2011. Understanding green infrastructure: the development of a contested concept in England. Local Environ 16: 1003-1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2011.631993
- Xu L, You H, Li D, Yu K. 2016. Urban green spaces, their spatial pattern, and ecosystem service value: the case of Beijing. Habitat Int 56: 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.04.005
- Young RF. 2011. Planting the Living City: Best Practices in Planning Green Infrastructure- Results from Major U.S. Cities. J Am Plan Assoc 77: 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2011.616996
- Zhang Y, Hussain A, Deng J, Letson N. 2007. Public Attitudes toward Urban Trees and Supporting Urban Tree Programs. Environ Behav 39: 797-814. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506292326