References
- Baek, G. 2020. Soil CO2 Efflux Dynamics in Fertilized Pinus densiflora and Querus variabilis Stands, and in Restored Pine Wilt Disease-disturbed Forests. A Ph.D. Dissertation of Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology. pp. 96.
- Berg, B. and Laskowski, R. 2006. Litter decomposition; A guide to carbon and nutrient turnover. Advance of Ecological Research 38: 20-71.
- Diaci, J., Rozenbergar, D., Fidej, G. and Nagel, T.A. 2017. Challenges for uneven-aged silviculture in restoration of post-disturbance forests in central Europe: A synthesis. Forests 8(10): 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8100378
- Hagihara, A. Suzuki, M. and Hozumi, K. 1978. Seasonal fluctuations of litter fall in a Chamaecypais obtusa plantation. Journal of Japanese Forestry Society 60(11): 397-404.
- Hirata, R., Ito, S., Eto, K., Sakuta, K., Mizoue, S. and Mitsuda, Y. 2015. Early growth of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees under different and edge aspect at a stip-clearcut site in Kyushu, Southern Japan. Journal of Forest Research 20(6): 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-015-0508-z
- Inagaki, Y, Miura, S. and Kohzu, A. 2004. Effects of forest type and stand age on litterfall quality and soil N dynamics in Shikoku district, southern Japan. Forest Ecology and Management 202(1-3): 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.029
- Inagaki, Y., Sakai, A., Kuramoto, S., Kodani, E., Yamada, T. and Kawasaki, T. 2008. Inter-annual variations of leaf-fall phenology and leaf-litter nitrogen concentration in a hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) stand. Ecological Research 23: 965-972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0461-9
- Inagaki, Y., Okuda, S., Sakai, A., Nakanishi, A., Shibata, S. and Fukuta, H. 2010. Leaf-litter nitrogen concentration in hinoki cypress forests in relation to the time of leaf fall under different climatic conditions in Japan. Ecological Research 25(2): 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8
- Jeon, K.S., Kim, C.S., Park, N.C., Hur, T.C. and Hong, S.C. 2011. Effects on control of pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by thinning methods in red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(2): 165-171.
- Kalra, Y.P. and Maynard, D.G. 1991. Methods Manual for Forest Soil and Plant Analysis. Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-319E. pp. 116.
- Kim, C., Sharik, T.L. and Jurgensen, M.F. 1996. Litterfall, nitrogen, and phosphorus inputs at various levels of canopy removal in oak and pine stands. American Midland Naturalist 135(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.2307/2426702
- Kim, C., Jang, K.S., Kim, J.B., Byun, J.K., Lee, C.H. and Jeon, K.S. 2010. Relationship between soil properties and incidence of pine wilt disease at stand level. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 6: 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-009-0087-2
- Kim, C., Byun, J.K., Park, J.H. and Ma, H.S. 2013a. Litter fall and nutrient status of green leaves and leaf litter at various compound ratios of fertilizer in saw-tooth oak stands. Annals of Forest Research 56(2): 339-350.
- Kim, C., Lee, K.S., Son, Y.M. and Cho, H.S. 2013b. Allometric equations and biomass expansion factors in an age-sequence of black pine (Pinus thunbergii) stands. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(4): 543-549. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2013.102.4.543
- Kim, C., Lim, J.H., Lee, I.K., Park, B.B. and Chun, J.H. 2013c. Annual variation of litterfall production in a broadleaved deciduous forest at the Mt. Keumsan LTER site. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(2): 210-215.
- Kim, C., Yoo, B.O., Jung, S.Y. and Lee, K.S. 2017. Allometric equations to assess biomass, carbon and nitrogen content of black pine and red pine trees in southern Korea. iForest-Biogeoscience and Forestry 10(2): 483-490. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2164-010
- Kim, C., Baek, G., Choi, B., Ha, J., Bae, E.J., Lee, K.S. and Son, Y.M. 2020. Carbon stocks of tree, forest floor, and mineral soil in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 109(2): 169-178. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2020.109.2.169
- Kim, S.K., Bae, S.W., Lee, K.S. and Lee, K.J. 2004. Silvicultural strategy to establish Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica plantations. Annual Proceeding of Korean Forest Society 489-494.
- Lehtonen, A., Lindholm, M., Hokkanen, T., Salminen, H. and Jalkanen, R. 2008. Testing dependence between growth and needle litterfall in Scots pine - a case study in northern Finland. Tree Physiology 28(11): 1741-1749. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.11.1741
- Miyaura, T. and Hozumi, K. 1985. Measurement of litterfall in a hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa S. et. Z.) plantation by the clothing-trap method. Journal of Japanese Forestry Society 67(7): 271-277.
- Morimoto, J. and Yoshida, H. 2005. Dynamic changes of native Rhododendron colonies in the urban fringe of Kyoto city in Japan: detecting the long-term dynamism for conservation of secondary nature. Landscape and Urban Planning 70(3-4): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.017
- Nakanishi, A., Inagaki, Y., Osawa, N., Shibata, S. and Hirata, K. 2009. Effects of patch cutting on leaf nitrogen nutrition in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) at different elevations along a slope in Japan. Journal of Forest Research 14(6): 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-009-0145-5
- Nakajima, G. and Kaneko, N. 2012. The effect of Japanese cypress plantation on soil biochemical characteristics converted from deciduous forests. Journal of Japanese Forest Society 94(3): 112-119. https://doi.org/10.4005/jjfs.94.112
- Nolet, P., Kneeshaw, D., Messier, C. and Beland, M. 2018. Comparing the effects of even- and uneven-aged silviculture on ecological diversity and processes: A review. Ecology and Evolution 8(2): 1217-1226. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3737
- O'Hara, K.L. and Ramage, B.S. 2013. Silviculture in an uncertain world:utilizing multi-aged management systems to integrate disturbance. Forestry 86(4): 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpt012
- Paquette, A., Bouchard, A. and Cogliastro, A. 2006. Survival and growth of under-planted trees: A meta-analysis across four biomes. Ecological Applications 16(4): 1575-1589. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1575:sagout]2.0.co;2
- Park, I.H., Lim, D.H. and Ryu, S.B. 2000. Biomass, net production and nutrient distribution related to age of young Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 89(1): 85-92.
- SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS/STAT Statistical Software. Version 9.1 SAS Publishing Cary, NC.