Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Potential Habitat Area Based on Natural Environment Survey Time Series Data for Conservation of Otter (Lutra lutra) - Case Study for Gangwon-do -

수달의 보전을 위한 전국자연환경조사 시계열 자료 기반 잠재 서식적합지역 분석 - 강원도를 대상으로 -

  • Kim, Ho Gul (Major in Landscape Urban Planning, Dept. of Human Environment Design, Cheongju University) ;
  • Mo, Yongwon (Dept. of Forest resources and Landscape architecture, Yeungnam Univ.)
  • 김호걸 (청주대학교 조경도시계획전공) ;
  • 모용원 (영남대학교 산림자원 및 조경학과)
  • Received : 2020.10.16
  • Accepted : 2020.12.15
  • Published : 2021.02.28
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Abstract

Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

전 세계 다양한 국가들을 비롯하여 우리나라도 생물다양성을 보전하기 위한 노력에 동참하고 있다. 특히 생물종과 관련해서는 특정 생물종을 대상으로 서식적합분석을 실시하여 잠재적인 서식 적지를 찾고 보전방안을 수립하는 연구들이 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 축적된 정보를 바탕으로 한 서식적합지역의 중장기 변화에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 강원도 지역을 대상으로 멸종위기 야생생물 1급으로 지정된 수달을 대상으로 서식적합지역의 시계열 변화를 분석하고 변화 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 시계열 변화 분석을 위해서 약 20년간 수행된 2차, 3차, 4차 전국자연환경조사의 수달 종 출현지점 조사자료를 이용하였다. 또한 각 조사시기 별 서식환경을 반영하기 위해 조사시기와 일치하는 토지피복도를 환경변수 제작에 활용하였다. 서식적합지역 분석을 위해서는 종의 출현 정보만을 바탕으로 모델 구동이 가능하며, 선행연구를 통해 신뢰도가 높다고 입증된 MaxEnt 모형을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 각 조사시기 별 수달의 서식적합지역 지도가 도출되었으며, 하천을 중심으로 서식지가 분포하는 경향이 나타났다. 모델링 결과 도출된 환경변수의 반응곡선을 비교하여 수달이 선호하는 서식지의 특성을 파악하였다. 조사시기 별 서식 적지의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 2차 전국자연환경조사를 기반으로 한 서식 적지가 가장 넓은 분포를 나타냈으며, 3, 4차 조사의 서식 적지는 면적이 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 3개 조사시기 분석결과를 종합하여 서식 적지의 변화 양상을 분석하고 유형화하였다. 변화 유형에 따라서 현장조사, 모니터링, 보호지역 설정, 복원계획과 같이 서로 다른 보전계획을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 수달 서식 적지의 위치와 면적의 시계열 변화를 볼 수 있는 종합분석 지도를 제작하고, 지역별 서식 적지 변화 유형에 따라 필요한 보전계획을 제안하였다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법과 결과는 향후 서식지 보전 및 관리 방안 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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