DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurements and analysis of load sharing between piles and raft in a pile foundation in clay

  • Watcharasawe, Kongpop (Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) ;
  • Jongpradist, Pornkasem (Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) ;
  • Kitiyodom, Pastsakorn (Geotechnical & Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. (GFE)) ;
  • Matsumoto, Tatsunori (Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University)
  • Received : 2020.05.15
  • Accepted : 2021.03.18
  • Published : 2021.03.25

Abstract

This research presents the monitoring results and their interpretation on load sharing of the pile foundation during the construction of a high-rise (124 m in height) building in Bangkok, in soft clayey ground. Axial forces in several piles, pore water pressure and earth pressures beneath the raft in a tributary area were monitored through the construction period of the building. The raft of the pile foundation in soft clayey ground can share the load up to 10-20% even though the foundation was designed using the conventional approach in which the raft resistance is ignored. The benefit from the return of ground water table as the uplift pressure is recognized. A series of parametric study by 3D-FEA were carried out. The potential of utilizing the piled raft system for the high-rise building with underground basement in soft clayey ground was preliminarily confirmed.

Keywords

References

  1. Amornfa, K., Phienwej, N. and Kitpayuck, P. (2012), "Current practice on foundation design of high-rise buildings in Bangkok, Thailand", Lowl. Technol. Int., 14(2), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.008.
  2. de Sanctis, L. and Mandolini, A. (2006), "Bearing capacity of piled rafts on soft clay soils", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132, 1600-1610. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:12(1600).
  3. de Sanctis, L. and Russo, G. (2008), "Analysis and performance of piled rafts designed using innovative criteria", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(8), 1118-1128. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:8(1118).
  4. de Sanctis, L., Mandolini, A., Russo, G. and Viggiani, C. (2002), "Some remarks on the optimum design of piled rafts", Proceeding of the International Deep Foundations Congress 2002, Orland, Florida, U.S.A., February.
  5. DPT standard 1251. (2008), Standard for testing pile by static load, Department of public works and town country planning Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand.
  6. Fattah, M.Y., Al-Mosawi, M.J. and Al-Zayadi, A.O. (2013), "Time dependent behavior of piled raft foundation in clayey soil", Geomech. Eng., 5(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.1.017.
  7. Fioravante, V., Giretti, D. and Jamiolkowski, M. (2008), "Physical modeling of raft on settlement reducing piles", Prceedings of the Symposium Honoring Dr. John H. Schmertmann for His Contributions to Civil Engineering at Research to Practice in Geotechnical Engineering Congress 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., March.
  8. Hoang, L.T. and Matsumoto, T. (2020), "Long-term behavior of piled raft foundation models supported by jacked-in piles on saturated clay", Soils Found., 60(1), 198-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.02.005.
  9. Imai, T. and Tonouchi, K. (1982), "Correlation of N-value with Swave velocity and shear modulus", Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium of Penetration Testing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  10. Kakurai, M., Yamashita, K. and Tomono, M. (1987), "Settlement behavior of piled raft foundation on soft ground", Proceedings of the 8th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kyoto, Japan.
  11. Katzenbach, R., Arslan, U. and Moormann, C. (2015), "Piled raft foundation projects in Germany", Des. Appl. Raft Found., 323-391. https://doi.org/10.1680/daorf.27657.0013.
  12. Khanmohammadi, M. and Fakharian, K. (2018), "Evaluation of performance of piled-raft foundations on soft clay: A case study", Geomech. Eng., 14(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.1.043.
  13. Ko, J., Cho, J. and Jeong, S. (2018), "Analysis of load sharing characteristics for a piled raft foundation", Geomech. Eng., 16(4), 449-461. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.4.449.
  14. Lueprasert, P., Jongpradist, P., Charoenpak, K., Chaipanna, P. and Suwansawat, S. (2015), "Three dimensional finite element analyses for preliminary establishment of tunnel influence zone due to nearby pile loading", Maejo Int. J. Sci. Tech., 9(2), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.14456/mijst.2015.16.
  15. Lueprasert, P., Jongpradist, P., Jongpradist, P. and Suwansawat, S. (2017), "Numerical investigation of tunnel deformation due to adjacent loaded pile and pile-soil-tunnel interaction", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 70, 166-181. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.006.
  16. Mali, S. and Singh, B. (2018), "Behavior of large piled-raft foundation on clay soil", Ocean Eng., 149, 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.12.029.
  17. Mandolini, A., Russo, G. and Viggiani, C. (2005), "Pile foundations: Experimental investigations, analysis and design", Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, Japan.
  18. MRTA. (2017), "Soil Investigation Report: The MRT orange line (east section) Project contract E1: underground civil works", Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand.
  19. Phienwej, N. and Gan, C.H. (2003), "Characteristics of ground movement in deep excavations with concrete diaphragm walls in Bangkok soils and their prediction", Geotech. Eng., 34, 167-175.
  20. Phung, L.D. (2010), "Piled Raft - A cost-effective foundation method for high-rises", Geotech. Eng., 41, 1-12.
  21. Pile Dynamics Inc. (2000), CAPWAP for Windows Manual, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
  22. Poulos, H.G. (1993), "Piled rafts in swelling or consolidating soils", J. Geotech. Eng., 119(2), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1993)119:2(374).
  23. Poulos, H.G. (2001), "Piled raft foundations: Design and applications", Geotechnique, 51, 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.51.2.95.40292.
  24. Poulos, H.G., Carter, J.P. and Small, J.C. (2001), "Foundations and retaining structures-research and practice", Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, August.
  25. Randolph, M.F. (1994), "Design methods for pile groups and piled rafts", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Dehli, India, January.
  26. Reul, O. (2004), "Numerical study of the bearing behavior of riled rafts", Int. J. Geomech., 4, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2004)4:2(59).
  27. Reul, O. and Randolph, M.F. (2004a), "Piled rafts in overconsolidated clay: comparison of in situ measurements and numerical analyses", Geotechnique, 53, 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.3.301.
  28. Reul, O. and Randolph, M.F. (2004b), "Design strategies for piled rafts subjected to nonuniform vertical loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:1(1).
  29. Rincon, E.R., da Cunha, R.P. and Caicedo, B. (2020), "Analysis of settlements in piled raft systems founded in soft soil under consolidation process", Can. Geotech. J., 57(4), 537-548. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0702.
  30. Russo, G. (1998), "Numerical analysis of piled rafts", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 22(6), 477-493. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199806)22:6<477::AID-NAG931>3.0.CO;2-H.
  31. Russo, G. (2012), "Experimental investigations and analysis on different pile load testing procedures", Acta. Geotech., 8(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0177-4.
  32. Russo, G. (2018), "Analysis and design of pile foundations under vertical load: An overview.", Rivista Ital. Geotecnica, 52(2), 52-71. https://doi.org/10.19199/2018.2.0557-1405.52.
  33. Russo, G., Abagnara, V., Poulos, H.G. and Small, J.C. (2013), "Re-assessment of foundation settlements for the Burj Khalifa, Dubai", Acta. Geotech., 8(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.19199/2018.2.0557-1405.52.
  34. Sales, M.M., Small, J.C. and Poulos, H.G. (2010), "Compensated piled rafts in clayey soils: Behaviour, measurements, and predictions", Can. Geotech. J., 47, 327-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-012-0193-4.
  35. Tan, Y.C., Cheah, S.W. and Taha, M.R. (2006), "Methodology for design of piled raft for 5 story buildings on very soft clay", Proceedings of the GeoShanghai International Conference 2006, Shanghai, China, June.
  36. Watcharasawe, K., Kitiyodom, P. and Jongpradist, P. (2015), "Numerical analyses of piled raft foundation in soft soil using 3D-FEM", Geotech. Eng., 46, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00159.x.
  37. Watcharasawe, K., Kitiyodom, P. and Jongpradist, P. (2017), "3-D Numerical analysis of consolidation effect on piled raft foundation in Bangkok subsoil condition", Int. J. Geomate, 12, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.31.6529.
  38. Yamashita, K. and Kakurai, M. (1991), "Settlement behavior of raft foundation with friction piles", Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Piling Deep Foundations, Stresa, Italy, April.
  39. Yamashita, K., Hamada, J. and Yamada, T. (2011), "Field measurements on piled rafts with grid-form deep mixing walls on soft ground", Geotech. Eng., 42, 1-10.
  40. Yamashita, K., Hamada, J. and Tanikawa, T. (2016), "Static and seismic performance of a friction piled raft combined with gridform deep mixing walls in soft ground", Soils Found., 56, 559-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.04.02.

Cited by

  1. Practice-Oriented Validation of Embedded Beam Formulations in Geotechnical Engineering vol.9, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101739