Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of failure mode of tunnel-type anchorage for a suspension bridge via scaled model tests and image processing

  • Seo, Seunghwan (Department of Underground Space Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)) ;
  • Lim, Hyungsung (Department of Underground Space Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)) ;
  • Chung, Moonkyung (Department of Underground Space Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT))
  • Received : 2020.03.24
  • Accepted : 2021.02.18
  • Published : 2021.03.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the pull-out behavior of a tunnel-type anchorage for suspension bridges was investigated using experimental tests and image processing analyses. The study focused on evaluating the initial failure behavior and failure mode of the tunnel-type anchorage. In order to evaluate the failure mode of tunnel-type anchorage, a series of scaled model tests were conducted based on the prototype anchorage of the Ulsan Grand Bridge. In the model tests, the anchorage body and surrounding rocks were fabricated using a gypsum mixture. The pull-out behavior was investigated under plane strain conditions. The results of the model tests demonstrate that the tunnel-type anchorage underwent a wedge-shaped failure. In addition, the failure mode changed according to the differences in the physical properties of the surrounding rock and the anchorage body and the size of the anchor plate. The size of the anchor plate was found to be an important parameter that determines the failure mode. However, the difference in physical properties between the surrounding rock and the anchorage body did not affect its size. In addition, this study analyzed the initial failure behavior of the tunnel-type anchorage through image analysis and confirmed that the failure was sequentially transferred from the inside of the tunnel to the surrounding rock according to the image analysis. The reasonable failure mode for the design of the tunnel-type anchorage should be wedge-type rather than pull-out type.

Keywords

References

  1. Altunbas, A., Soltanbeigi, B. and Cinicioglu, O. (2017). "Determination of active failure surface geometry for cohesionless backfills", Geomech. Eng., 12(6), 983-1001. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.6.983.
  2. Ammouche, A., Breysse, D., Hornain, H., Didry, O. and Marchand, J. (2000), "A new image analysis technique for the quantitative assessment of microcracks in cement-based materials", Cement Concrete Res., 30(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00212-4.
  3. ASCE (1979), "Long span suspension bridge: History and performance", Proceedings of the ASCE National Conventions, 109-127, Boston, MA, USA.
  4. China Communication Press (2015), Industry Standard Editorial Committee of the People's Republic of China. Design Specification for Highway Suspension Bridge, Beijing, China.
  5. Cho, D.R., Song, J.M. and Lee, D.H. (2010), "An adaptive noise reduction method using noise and edge information for Gaussian-noise images", J. Eng. Technol., 20, 61-69.
  6. Chung, J.S., Moon, I.K. and Yoo, C.H. (2013), "Behavior characteristics of tunnel in the cavity ground by using scale model tests", J. Kor. Geo-Environ. Soc., 14(12), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2013.14.12.061.
  7. Coquard, P. and Boisetelle, R. (1994), "Water and solvent effects on the strength of set plaster", Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 31(5), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(94)90153-8.
  8. Dakeuchi, K.O. and Yoshida, Y.T. (1984), "Tunnel type anchorage", Construction report of Honshousikoku connection bridge, Research Report No. 22(11).
  9. Fei, S., Tan, X., Wang, X., Du, L. and Sun, Z. (2019). "Evaluation of soil spatial variability by micro-structure simulation", Geomech. Eng., 17(6), 565-572. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.6.565.
  10. Han, Y., Liu, X., Wei, N., Li, D., Deng, Z., Wu, X. and Liu, D. (2019), "A comprehensive review of the Mechanical behaviour of suspension bridge tunnel-type anchorage", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 3829281. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3829281.
  11. Hobbs, D.W. (1968), "Scale model study of strata movement around mine roadways: I. the dependence of roadway closure upon rock strength", Int. J. of Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 5, 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(70)90011-2.
  12. Hong, E.S., Cho, G.C., Baak, S.H., Park, J.H., Chung, M. and Lee, S.-W. (2014), "A numerical study on pull-out behavior of cavern-type rock anchorages", J. of Korean Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Assoc., 16(6), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2014.16.6.521.
  13. Ilsever, M. and Unsalan, C. (2012), Two-Dimensional Change Detection Methods: Remote Sensing Applications (Springer Briefs in Computer Science), Springer, London, U.K.
  14. Ito, A., Aoki, Y. and Hashimoto, S. (2002), "Accurate extraction and measurement of fine cracks from concrete block surface image", IEEE Industr. Electron. Soc., 3, 2202-2207. https:// https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2002.1185314.
  15. Jeong, H. and Jeon, S. (2018), "Characteristic of size distribution of rock chip produced by rock cutting with a pick cutter", Geomech. Eng., 15(3), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.3.811.
  16. Jung, H.R. and Kim, J.W. (2006), "Deformation behavior around tunnel in anisotropic rocks considering joint orientation and rock pressure condition using scaled model tests", Kor. Soc. Rock Mech., 16(4), 313-325.
  17. Kanemitsu, H., Omachi, T. and Higuchi, K. (1980), "Calculation method of ultimated resisting pull strength of tunnel type of anchorage for suspension bridge", Honsi Technical Report.
  18. Kim, K.W., Cho, N.S. and Na, Y.M. (2011), "Anchorage design of Ulsan Grand Bridge", Mag. Concrete Inst., 23(4), 51-54.
  19. Lee, B.Y., Kim, J.K., Kim, Y.Y. and Yi, S.T. (2007), "A technique based on image processing for measuring cracks in the surface of concrete structures", Proceedings of the SMiRT 19, Toronto, August.
  20. Li, X. and Yeh, A.G.O. (2004), "Analyzing spatial restructuring of land use patterns in a fast-growing region using remote sensing and GIS", Landscape Urban Plan., 69, 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.033.
  21. Li, Y., Luo, R., Zhang, Q., Xiao, G., Zhou, L. and Zhang, Y. (2017). "Model test and numerical simulation on the bearing mechanism of tunnel-type anchorage", Geomech. Eng., 12(1), 139-160. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.1.139.
  22. Liu, Y., Nishiyama, S. and Yano, T. (2004), "Analysis of four change detection algorithms in bi-temporal space with a case study", Int. J. Remote Sens., 25(11), 2121-2139. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001606647.
  23. Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E. and Moran, E. (2004), "Change detection techniques", Int. J. Remote Sens., 25(12), 2365-2407. https://10.1080/0143116031000139863.
  24. Otsu, N.A. (1979), "A Threshold selection method from gray level histogram", IEEE T. Syst., 9(1), 62-66. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076.
  25. Park, C.S., Park, J.H., Chung, M.K. and Oh, I.K. (2013), "A study for improvement of suspension bridge's tunnel anchorage design", Proceedings of the Korean Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference.
  26. Park, C.S., Park, J.H. and Chung, M.K. (2014), "Recent study for improving the calculation method of ultimate pull-out resistance of tunnel anchorage", Proceedings of the Korean Geotechnical Society Spring National Conference, Seoul, Korea, March.
  27. Park, J.W., Chung, S.T. and Cho, J.H. (2009), "The design of tunnel type anchorage in Ulsan Grand Bridge", Yooshin Technical Report, 16, 328-336.
  28. Pratt, W.K. (1978), Digital Image Processing, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, U.S.A.
  29. Rosin, P.L. and Loannidis, E. (2003), "Evaluation of global image thresholding for change detection", Pattern Recogn. Lett., 24(14), 2345-2356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8655(03)00060-6.
  30. Singh, A. (1989), "Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data", Int. J. Remote Sens., 10(6), 989-1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903939.
  31. Yooshin Co., Ltd., (2010a), Ulsan Grand Bridge and Access Road Private Proposal Project, Basic Design Report.
  32. Yooshin Co., Ltd., (2010b), Ulsan Grand Bridge and Access Road Private Proposal Project, Geotechnical Soil Report.
  33. Yu, Q., Zhu, W., Tang, C. and Yang, T. (2014). "Impact of rock microstructures on failure processes - Numerical study based on DIP technique", Geomech. Eng., 7(4), 375-401. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.7.4.375.
  34. Zhang, Q., Li, Y.J., Yu, M. W., Hu, H.H. and Hu, J.H. (2015), "Study of the rock foundation stability of the Aizhai suspension bridge over a deep canyon area in China", Eng. Geol., 198 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.09.012.