Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An experimental and numerical analysis of concrete walls exposed to fire

  • Baghdadi, Mohamed (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, M.B.B. Batna2 University) ;
  • Dimia, Mohamed S. (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, M.B.B. Batna2 University) ;
  • Guenfoud, Mohamed (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Guelma) ;
  • Bouchair, Abdelhamid (Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal)
  • Received : 2019.09.13
  • Accepted : 2021.02.21
  • Published : 2021.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To evaluate the performance of concrete load bearing walls in a structure under horizontal loads after being exposed to real fire, two steps were followed. In the first step, an experimental study was performed on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete after heating to temperatures of 200-1000℃ with the purpose of determining the residual mechanical properties after cooling. The temperature was increased in line with natural fire curve in an electric furnace. The peak temperature was maintained for a period of 1.5 hour and then allowed to cool gradually in air at room temperature. All specimens were made from calcareous aggregate to be used for determining the residual properties: compressive strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus by means of UPV test, including the mass loss. The concrete residual compressive strength and elastic modulus values were compared with those calculated from Eurocode and other analytical models from other studies, and were found to be satisfactory. In the second step, experimental analysis results were then implemented into structural numerical analysis to predict the post-fire load-bearing capacity response of the walls under vertical and horizontal loads. The parameters considered in this analysis were the effective height, the thickness of the wall, various support conditions and the residual strength of concrete. The results indicate that fire damage does not significantly affect the lateral capacity and stiffness of reinforced walls for temperature fires up to 400℃.

Keywords

References

  1. Afaghi-Darabi, A. and Abdollahzadeh, G. (2019), "Effect of cooling rate on the post-fire behavior of CFST column", Comput. Concrete, 23(4), 281-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.23.4.281.
  2. Awad, Y.A.E.S.K. (2018), "Effect of extinguishing method on the behaviour of RC columns subjected to fire", Master Dissertation, Ain Shams University, Cairo.
  3. Awal, A.S.M.A., Shehu, I.A. and Ismail, M. (2015), "Effect of cooling regime on the residual performance of high-volume palm oil fuel ash concrete exposed to high temperatures", Constr. Build. Mater., 98(15), 875-883. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.001.
  4. Balaji, A., Aathira, M.S., Pillai, T.M. and Nagarajan, P. (2016), "Reliability studies on RC beams exposed to fire based on IS456: 2000 design methods", Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(5), 853-866. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.5.853.
  5. Chan, Y.N., Peng, G.F. and Anson, M. (1999), "Residual strength and pore structure of high-strength concrete and normal strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures", Cement Concrete Compos., 21(1), 23-27. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00034-1.
  6. Chang, Y.F., Chen, Y.H., Sheu, M.S. and George C.Y. (2006), "Residual stress-strain relationship for concrete after exposure to high temperatures", Cement Concrete Res., 365(10), 1999-2005. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.05.029.
  7. Chen, Y.H., Chang, Y.F., Yao, G.C and Sheu, M.S. (2009), "Experimental research on post-fire behaviour of reinforced concrete columns", Fire Saf. J., 44(5), 741-748. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.02.004.
  8. Deshpande, A.A. and Andrew, S.W. (2018), "An experimental study of the response of squat reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to combined thermal and seismic loading", Technical Report, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA.
  9. Dimia, M.S. and Fellah, F. (2012), "Predicting collapse of concrete loadbearing walls exposed to parametric fires", Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Ankara, Turkey, October.
  10. Dimia, M.S., Guenfoud, M., Gernay, T. and Franssen, J.M. (2011), "Collapse of concrete columns during and after the cooling phase of a fire", J. Fire Protect. Eng., 21(4), 245-263. http://doi.org/10.1177/1042391511423451.
  11. Dimia, M.S., Sekkiou, S., Baghdadi, M. and Guenfoud, M. (2017), "Structural behaviour of concrete filled hollow steel sections exposed to parametric fire", Chall. J. Struct. Mech., 3(4), 160-165. http://doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2017.02.004.
  12. Dvorak, R. and Chobola, Z. (2018), "Non-destructive testing and X-ray diffraction analysis of high-temperature degraded concrete", Civil Eng. J., 3(22), 268-275. http://doi.org/10.14311/CEJ.2018.03.0022.
  13. Eurocode (2004), Design of Concrete Structures. Part 1.2: General Rules-Structural Fire Design, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  14. Eurocode (2005), Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. Part 1.2: General Rules-Structural fire design. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  15. Felicetti, R. and Gambarova, P.G. (1998), "Effects of high temperature on the residual compressive strength of high-strength siliceous concretes", ACI Mater. J., 95(4), 395-405.
  16. Franssen, J.M. and Gernay, T. (2017), "Modeling structures in fire with SAFIR: Theoretical background and capabilities", J. Struct. Fire Eng., 8(3), 300-323. http://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE07-2016-0010.
  17. Gernay, T. and Dimia, M.S. (2013), "Structural behaviour of concrete columns under natural fires", Eng. Comput., 30(6), 854-872. http://doi.org/10.1108/EC-05-2012-0103.
  18. Gruz, C.R. (1996), "Elastic properties of concrete at high temperature", J. PCA Res. Develop. Lab., 8(1), 37-45.
  19. Guergah, C., Dimia, M.S. and Guenfoud, M. (2017), "Contribution to the numerical modelling of the spalling phenomenon: Case of a reinforced concrete beams", Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 43(4), 1747-1759. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2704-y.
  20. Hayhoe, W.C. and Youssef, M.A. (2013), "Structural behaviour of concrete walls during or after exposure to fire a review", Proceedings of the CSCE 2013 General Conference, Montreal, Quebec, January.
  21. Kalifa, P., Chene, G. and Galle, C. (2001), "High-temperature behaviour of HPC with polypropylene fibres: from spalling to microstructure", Cement Concrete Res., 31(10), 1487-1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00596-8.
  22. Klingsch, E., Frangi, A. and Fontana, M. (2009), "Experimental analysis of concrete strength at high temperatures and after cooling", J. Adv. Eng., 49(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.14311/1087.
  23. Lee, J., Xi,Y. and Willam, K. (2008), "Properties of concrete after high-temperature heating and cooling", ACI Mater. J., 105(4), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.14359/19894.
  24. Li, H.Y. and Franssen, J.M. (2011), "Test results and model for the residual compressive strength of concrete after a fire", J. Struct. Fire Eng., 2(1), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.14359/2040-2317.2.1.29.
  25. Li, L.Y. and Purkiss, J. (2005), "Stress-strain constitutive equations of concrete material at elevated temperatures", Fire Saf. J., 40(7), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.06.003.
  26. Mistri, A., Davis, P.R. and Sarkar, P. (2016), "Condition assessment of fire affected reinforced concrete shear wall building-A case study", Adv. Concrete Constr., 4(2), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.2.089.
  27. Mohammadhosseini, H., Lim, N.H.A.S., Sam, A.R.M. and Samadi, M. (2018), "Effects of elevated temperatures on residual properties of concrete reinforced with waste polypropylene carpet fibres", Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 43(4), 1673-1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2681-1
  28. Mroz, K. and Hager, I. (2017), "Non-destructive assessment of residual strength of thermally damaged concrete made with different aggregate types", Mater. Sci. Eng., 245(3), 032034.
  29. Mueller, K.A. and Kurama, Y.C. (2017), "Out-of-plane behavior of reinforced concrete bearing walls after one-sided fire", ACI Struct. J., 114(1), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689445.
  30. Neves, C., Rodrigues, J.P.C. and Loureiro, A.P. (1996), "Mechanical properties of reinforcing and prestressing steels after heating", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 8(4), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:4(189)
  31. Ngo, T.D., Fragomeni, S., Mendis, P. and Ta, B. (2013), "Testing of normal- and high-strength concrete walls subjected to both standard and hydrocarbon fires", ACI Struct. J., 110(3), 503-510. https://doi.org/10.14359/51685607.
  32. Obaidat, Y.T. and Haddad, R.H. (2016), "Prediction of residual mechanical behavior of heat-exposed LWAC short column: a NLFE model", Struct. Eng. Mech., 57(2), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.2.265.
  33. Sancak, E., Sari, Y.D. and Simsek, O. (2008), "Effects of elevated temperature on compressive strength and weight loss of the light-weight concrete with silica fume and superplasticizer", Cement Concrete Compos., 30(8), 715-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.01.004.
  34. Schneider, U. (1985), "Properties of materials at high temperatures-Concrete", RILEM-Committee 44-PHT, University of Kassel, Kassel, Department of Civil Engineering, Germany.
  35. Sekkiou, S., Lahbari, N., Bernard, F. and Dimia, M.S. (2018), "Thermo-mechanical behaviour of steel-concrete composite columns under natural fire including heating and cooling phases", Int. J. Eng. Res. Africa, 35(221), 221-240. doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.35.221.
  36. Shaikh, F.U.A. and Taweel, M. (2015), "Compressive strength and failure behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures", Adv. Concrete Constr., 3(4), 283-293. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.4.283.
  37. Toric, N., Boko, I. and Peros, B. (2013), "Reduction of post fire properties of high-strength concrete", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, Article ID 712953, 9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/712953.
  38. Toric, N., Boko, I., Juradin, S and Baloevic, G. (2016), "Mechanical properties of light-weight concrete after fire exposure", Struct. Concrete J., 17(6), 1071-1081. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201500145.
  39. Xiao, J. and Falkner, H. (2006), "On residual strength of high-performance concrete with and without polypropylene fibres at elevated temperatures", Fire Saf. J., 41(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.004.
  40. Zhang, Q. and Ye, G. (2012), "Dehydration kinetics of Portland cement paste at high temperature", J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 110(1), 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2303-9
  41. Zheng, W., Li. H and Wang, Y. (2012), "Compressive behaviour of hybrid fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete after high temperature", Mater. Des., 41, 403-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.026.