Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Weed Management Practices on Ground-dwelling Arthropod Assemblages in Organic and Conventional Apple Orchards

유기재배와 관행재배 사과원 내 지표 배회성 절지동물 군집에 대한 잡초 관리의 영향

  • Kim, Jiwon (Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University) ;
  • Jung, Chuleui (Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University)
  • Received : 2021.01.28
  • Accepted : 2021.02.22
  • Published : 2021.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Ground-dwelling arthropods are important components in apple orchard providing beneficial ecological services of predation and decomposition as well as herbivory. Groundcovers are managed differentially in organic and conventional apple orchards influencing ground-dwelling arthropod assemblages. We conducted 3-year studies to assess the effects of orchard management relative to weed management on the abundance and diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods using pitfall trapping. Most arthropods were classified as higher taxonomical groups and functional feeding guilds, while carabid beetles were classified into species level. Coleoptera was the dominating taxon of all ground-dwelling arthropods. Abundance of herbivores and predators was significantly higher in organic apple orchards than conventional ones. Higher abundance and diversity of carabid beetles were found in organic orchards than in conventional orchards. The abundance of Araneae, Coleoptera, or carabid beetles was negatively correlated to weed management frequency. It was found that ground-dwelling arthropods were more influenced by weed management practices than the farming systems.

초식, 포식, 분해 등 생태학적 서비스를 제공하는 지표 배회성 절지동물은 사과원의 중요한 구성 요소이며, 이들의 군집에 영향을 미치는 잡초는 유기재배와 관행재배 사과원에서 다르게 관리된다. 잡초 관리와 관련된 과수원 관리가 지표 배회성 절지동물의 풍부도와 다양도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 3년간 연구를 수행하였다. 대부분의 절지동물은 상위분류군과 섭식 기능군으로 분류하였으며, 딱정벌레류는 종 수준으로 분류하였다. 지표 배회성 절지동물의 주요 우점군은 딱정벌레목으로 나타났다. 초식자와 포식자의 풍부도는 유기재배 사과원에서 높은 결과를 보였으며, 딱정벌레류의 풍부도와 다양도 또한 관행재배 과원보다 유기재배 사과원에서 높은 결과를 보였다. 거미목, 딱정벌레목 또는 딱정벌레류의 풍부도는 잡초 관리 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 지표 배회성 절지동물은 농업 시스템보다 잡초 관리에 영향을 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Altieri, M.A., 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 74, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6
  2. Andersen, A., 1992. Predation by selected carabid and staphylinid species on the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in laboratory and semi-field experiments. Norwegian J. Agric. Sci. 6, 265-273.
  3. Ball, G.E., Bousquet, Y., 2001. Carabidae Latreillem, in: Arnett, R.A., Thomas, M.C. (Eds.), American Beetles: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Florida, pp. 32-132.
  4. Barney, R.J., Pass, B.C., 1986. Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) populations in Kentucky alfalfa and influence of tillage. J. Econ. Entomol. 79, 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/79.2.511
  5. Bhatti, H.A., Duan, J., Head, G., Jiang, C., Mckee, M.J., Nickson, T.E., Pilcher, C.L., Pilcher, C.D., 2005. Field evaluation of the impact of corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) - Protected Bt corn on ground-dwelling invertebrates. Environ. Entomol. 34, 1325-1335. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1325:FEOTIO]2.0.CO;2
  6. Bleicher, K., Marko, V., Orosz, A., 2006. Species composition of Cicada (Auchenorrhyncha) communities in apple and pear orchards in Hungary. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 41, 341-355. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhyt.41.2006.3-4.16
  7. Brockmann-Jerosch, H., 1907. Die Pflanzengesellschaften der Schweizeralpen. I. Die Flora des Puschlav und ihre Pflanzengesellschaften. Engelmann, Liepzig.
  8. Brown, K.C., Lawton, J.H., Shires, S.W., 1983. Effects of insecticides on invertebrate predators and their cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) prey: Laboratory experiments. Environ. Entomol. 12, 1747-1750. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.6.1747
  9. Carcamo, H.A., 1995. Effect of tillage on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a farm-scale study in central Alberta. Can. Entomol. 127, 631-639. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent127631-5
  10. Carcamo, H.A., Niemela, J.K., Spence, J.R., 1995. Farming and ground beetles: effects of agronomic practice on populations and community structure. Can. Entomol. 127, 123-140. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent127123-1
  11. Chiverton, P.A., 1984. Pitfall-trap catches of the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius, in relation to gut contents and prey densities, in insecticide treated and untreated spring barley. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 36, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1984.tb03402.x
  12. Choi, D.G., Seo, B.S., Kang, I.K., 2009. Changes of soil, growth, and fruit quality by soil surface management under tree in sod culture of apple orchard. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 27, 174-180.
  13. Cole, L.J., McCracken, D.I., Downie, I.S., Dennis, P., Foster, G.N., Waterhouse, T., Kennedy, M.P., 2005. Comparing the effects of farming practices on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spider (Araneae) assemblages of Scottish farmland. Biodivers. Conserv. 14, 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-6404-z
  14. Coombes, D.S., Sotherton, N.W., 1986. The dispersal and distribution of predatory Coleoptera in cereals. Annu. Appl. Biol. 108, 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb01985.x
  15. Davis, A.S., Dixon, P.M., Liebman, M., 2003. Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography. II. Retrospective perturbation analysis. Weed Sci. 51, 930-939. https://doi.org/10.1614/P2002-133C
  16. Dennis, P., Young, M.R., Howard, C.L., Gordon, I.J., 1997. The response of epigeal beetles (Col.: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) to varied grazing regimes on upland Nardus stricta grasslands. J. Appl. Ecol. 34, 433-443. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404888
  17. Ellis, L.M., Crawford, C.S., Molles, Jr. M.C., 2001. Influence of annual flooding on terrestrial arthropod assemblages of a Rio Grande riparian forest. Regul. Rivers 17, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1646(200101/02)17:1<1::AID-RRR603>3.0.CO;2-L
  18. Flohre, A., Rudnick, M., Traser, G., Tscharntke, T., Eggers, T., 2011. Does soil biota benefit from organic farming in complex vs. simple landscapes?. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 141, 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.032
  19. Gallandt, E.R., Molloy, T., Lynch, R.P., Drummond, F.A., 2005. Effect of cover-cropping systems on invertebrate seed predation. Weed Sci. 53, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-095R
  20. Garcia-Ruiz, E., Loureiro, I., Farinos, G.P., Gomez, P., Gutierrez, E., Sanchez, F.J., Escorial, M., Ortego, F., Chueca, M.C., Castanera, P., 2018. Weeds and ground-dwelling predator's response to two different weed management systems in glyphosatetolerant cotton: a farm-scale study. PLoS One 13, e0191408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191408
  21. Hasin, S., Booncher, L., 2020. Change in ground-dwelling arthropod communities in different agroecosystems in Wang Nam Khiao, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Agr. Nat. Resour. 54, 139-149.
  22. Holland, J.M., 2002. Carabid beetles: their ecology, survival, and use in agroecosystems, in: Holland, J.M. (Ed.), The agroecology of carabid beetles. Intercept, Andover, UK. pp. 1-40.
  23. Holliday, N.J., Hagley, E.A.C., 1984. The effect of sod type on the occurrence of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a pest management apple orchard. Can. Entomol. 116, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent116165-2
  24. House, G.J., Alzugaray, M.D.R., 1989. Influence of cover cropping and no-tillage practices on community composition of soil arthropods in a North Carolina agroecosystem. Environ. Entomol. 182, 302-307. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/18.2.302
  25. Intachat, J., Holloway, D., Speight, M.R., 1997. The effects of different forest management practices on geometroid moth populations and their diversity in peninsular Malaysia. J. Trop. Forest Sci. 9, 411-430.
  26. Kessler, M., Herzog, S.K., Fjeldsa, J., Bach, K., 2001. Species richness and endemism of plant bird communities along two gradients of elevation, humidity and land use in the Bolivian Andes. Divers. Distrib. 7, 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00097.x
  27. Kim, J.W., 2016. Comparison of arthropod diversity between organic and conventional apple orchards in Korea. Ph. D. Dissertation. Andong National University, Andong.
  28. Kishinevsky, M., Keasar, T., Harari, A.R., Chiel, E., 2017. A comparison of naturally growing vegetation vs. border-planted companion plants for sustaining parasitoids in pomegranate orchards. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 246, 117-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.034
  29. Kondorosy, E., Marko, V., Cross, J.V., 2010. Heteropteran fauna of apple orchards in South East England. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 45, 173-193. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhyt.45.2010.1.15
  30. Kromp, B., 1999. Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 74, 187-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00037-7
  31. Lee, S.W., Suh, S.J., Kim, D.A., Choi, K.H., Lee, D.H., Ryu, O.H., 1996. Questionnaire on status and opinions of pest control to apple growers and its related groups. RDA. J. Agri. Sei. 38, 545-552.
  32. Li, F.R., Zhao, W.Z., Liu, J.L., Huang, Z.G., 2009. Degraded vegetation and wind erosion influence soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in sandy grasslands. Plant Soil 317, 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9789-8
  33. Luff, M.L., 2002. Carabid assemblage organization and species composition, in: Holland, J.M. (Eds.), The agroecology of carabid beetles. Intercept, Andover, UK. pp. 41-79.
  34. Macfadyen, A., 1962. Soil arthropods sampling. Adv. Ecol. Res. 1, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60299-8
  35. Marc, P., Canard, A., Ysnel, F., 1999. Spiders (Araneae) useful for pest limitation and bioindication. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 74, 229-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00038-9
  36. McCune, B., Grace J.B., 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design. Gleneden Beach, OR.
  37. Menalled, F.D., Marino, P.C., Renner, K.A., Landis, D.A., 2000. Post-dispersal weed seed predation in Michigan crop fields as a function of agricultural landscape structure. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 77, 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00083-3
  38. Menalled, F.D., Smith, R.G., Dauer, J.T., Fox, T.B., 2007. Impact of agricultural management on carabid communities and weed seed predation. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 118, 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.011
  39. Merwin, I.A., Stiles, W.C., 1994. Orchard groundcover management impacts on apple tree growth and yield, and nutrient availability and uptake. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 209-215. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.2.209
  40. Ock, H.S., Pyon, J.Y., 2011. Trend and perspective of weed control techniques in organic farming. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 31, 8-23. https://doi.org/10.5660/KJWS.2011.31.1.008
  41. Pielou, E.C., 1966. Shannon's formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. Am. Nat. 100, 463-465. https://doi.org/10.1086/282439
  42. Purtauf, T., Roschewitz, I., Dauber, J., Thies, C., Tscharntke, T., Wolters V., 2005. Landscape context of organic and conventional farms: influences on carabid beetle diversity. Agric. Ecosyst. Envrion. 108, 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.005
  43. Purvis, G., Curry, J.P., 1984. The influence of weeds and farmyard manure on the activity of carabidae and other ground-dwelling arthropods in a sugar beet crop. J. Appl. Ecol. 21, 271-283. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403053
  44. SAS Institute, 2010. SAS/STAT user's guide: statistics, version 9.3 SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
  45. Seastedt, T.R., Crossley, Jr. D.A., 1984. The influence of arthropods on ecosystems. BioSci. 34, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.2307/1309750
  46. Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W., 1949. The mathematical theory of communications. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
  47. Stinner, B.R., House, G.J., 1990. Arthropods and other invertebrates in conservation-tillage agriculture. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 35, 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.001503
  48. Tooley, J., Brust, G.E., 2002. Weed seed predation by carabid beetles, in: Holland, E.D. (Ed.), The Agroecology of Carabid Beetles. Intercept, UK, pp. 215-229.
  49. Torres, J.B., Ruberson, J.R., 2007. Abundance and diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods of pest management importance in commercial Bt and non-Bt cotton fields. Ann. Appl. Biol. 150, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2006.00087.x
  50. Uchida, K., Ushimaru, A., 2014. Biodiversity declines due to abandonment and intensification of agricultural lands: patterns and mechanisms. Ecol. Monogr. 84, 637-658. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-2170.1
  51. Utkhede, R.S., Hogue, E.J., 1998. Effect of herbicides, plastic mulch, and hand-weeding on development of phytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 20, 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500448
  52. Vergnes, A., Pellissier, V., Lemperiere, G., Rollard, C., Clergeau, P., 2014. Urban densification causes the decline of ground-dwelling arthropods. Biodivers. Conserv. 23, 1859-1877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0689-3
  53. Westerman, P., Liebman, M., Menalled, F.D., Heggenstaller, A.H., Hartzler, R.G., Dixon, P.M., 2005. Are many little hammers effective? Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) population dynamics in two- and four-year crop rotation systems. Weed Sci. 53, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-130R
  54. Willin, H., 1985. Spatial and temporal distribution of some abundance carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in cereal fields and adjacent habitats. Pedobiologia 28, 19-34.