Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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The status of food allergy and parental burden of preschoolers in Jeju area

제주지역 미취학 아동의 식품알레르기 현황 및 이에 따른 부모의 양육 부담

  • Oh, Jeong Eun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Eunyoung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University) ;
  • Lee, Yunkyoung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2021.10.14
  • Accepted : 2021.12.07
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: Food allergies in children are known to impact the quality of life for growing children as well as their parents. This study investigates the status of food allergy and its management among preschoolers, and evaluates the effect on parental burden. Methods: In May 2019, five kindergartens and daycare centers in Jeju area were randomly selected, and parents (n = 638) who had preschoolers younger than 6-year-old were surveyed using a questionnaire. A total of 387 participants were included in the final data analysis. Results: The percentage of children (aged 3 to 6 years old) who experienced food allergies was 16.8%; 44.6% had been diagnosed as having a food allergy by doctors. Food allergies were first experienced in more than two-thirds of the subjects when they were less than a year old. Egg and milk were the most frequent allergenic foods with some skin related symptoms. A mere 15.4% children suffering from food allergies were offered substitutes for their allergenic foods. Lastly, as compared to other parents, the parents of children who experienced food allergies had not only higher nutritional knowledge, but also heavier parental burden including emotional distress. Regardless of their nutritional knowledge, parents of children with food allergy expressed their willingness to attend nutrition education classes, if available in future. Conclusion: For prevention of food allergies and proper nourishment of children with food allergies, there is a necessity to provide customized-nutritional education for the affected parents to help alleviate their parental burden, especially for reducing emotional distress.

본 연구에서는 제주지역 일부 만 6세 이하 미취학 아동의 부모를 대상으로 아동의 식품알레르기 유병률 및 관리, 부모의 식품알레르기 관련 지식도와 양육 부담의 현황을 식품알레르기 유무에 따라 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자 총 387명으로 남아가 51.4%, 여아가 48.6%이었고, 그 중 식품알레르기를 경험한 아동은 16.8% (남아: 58.5%, 여아: 41.5%)로 조사되었다. 식품알레르기를 경험한 아동 중 실제로 의사로부터 식품알레르기 진단을 받은 아동 44.6%로 나타났다. 식품알레르기를 경험한 아동의 주된 증상으로는 구토, 설사, 기침, 복통, 쌕쌕 거림과 호흡곤란 순으로 나타났으며, 원인 식품으로는 난류가 가장 높은 빈도로 나타났고, 우유, 갑각류, 땅콩 및 콩류, 밀, 쇠고기 등이 뒤를 이었다. 또한 식품알레르기를 경험한 전체 아동의 부모 중 15.4%만이 대체식품을 사용한다고 조사되어 대부분의 부모가 대체식품을 사용하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 식품알레르기를 경험한 아동의 부모에서 식품알레르기로 인한 양육 부담은 정서적 고충이 일상생활의 제약에 비해 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 부모의 식품알레르기 관련 지식도는 식품알레르기 경험 유무에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 즉, 조사대상자의 식품알레르기 관련 지식과 식품알레르기 관련 교육 및 상담 참여경험 (보건소 또는 병원)비율과 의지가 식품알레르기 경험이 없는 아동의 부모보다 높아, 자녀의 식품알레르기에 대한 관심과 동시에 그에 따른 양육 부담 및 근심 정도가 높게 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 살펴볼 때, 미취학 아동 부모를 대상으로 한 식품알레르기의 예방과 대처방안 및 대체식품을 이용한 영양관리 등 수요자의 니즈-맞춤형 영양교육과 상담을 위한 체계적인 교육 자료의 개발이 필요하며, 학부모의 접근성을 고려한 교육 및 상담 장소를 적극적으로 활용하는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the 2020 scientific promotion program funded by Jeju National University.

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