Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제77권3호
  • /
  • Pages.305-314
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of a generalized scaling law for underwater explosions using a numerical and experimental parametric study

  • Kim, Yongtae (Department of Mechanical Engineering and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Lee, Seunggyu (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Kim, Jongchul (Maritime Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development) ;
  • Ryu, Seunghwa (Department of Mechanical Engineering and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
  • 투고 : 2020.09.29
  • 심사 : 2020.11.02
  • 발행 : 2021.02.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In order to reduce enormous cost of real-scale underwater explosion experiments on ships, the mechanical response of the ships have been analyzed by combining scaled-down experiments and Hopkinson's scaling law. However, the Hopkinson's scaling law is applicable only if all variables vary in an identical ratio; for example, thickness of ship, size of explosive, and distance between the explosive and the ship should vary with same ratio. Unfortunately, it is infeasible to meet such uniform scaling requirement because of environmental conditions and limitations in manufacturing scaled model systems. For the facile application of the scaling analysis, we propose a generalized scaling law that is applicable for non-uniform scaling cases in which different parts of the experiments are scaled in different ratios compared to the real-scale experiments. In order to establish such a generalized scaling law, we conducted a parametric study based on numerical simulations, and validated it with experiments and simulations. This study confirms that the initial peak value of response variables in a real-scale experiment can be predicted even when we perform a scaled experiment composed of different scaling ratios for each experimental variable.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by Underwater Near-Field Explosion Research Lab funded by Defense Acquisition Program Administration under Grant UD180001DD.

참고문헌

  1. Aquelet, N., Souli, M., Gabrys, J. and Olovson, L. (2003), "A new ALE formulation for sloshing analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 16(4), 423-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2003.16.4.423.
  2. Barras, G., Souli, M., Aquelet, N. and Couty, N. (2012), "Numerical simulation of underwater explosions using an ALE method. The pulsating bubble phenomena", Ocean Eng., 41, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.12.015.
  3. Bjorno, L. and Levin, P. (1976), "Underwater explosion research using small amounts of chemical explosives", Ultrasonics, 14(6), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-624X(76)90033-0.
  4. Brett, J. M., Yiannakopoulos, G. and Van der Schaaf, P. J. (2000), "Time-resolved measurement of the deformation of submerged cylinders subjected to loading from a nearby explosion", J. Impact Eng., 24(9), 875-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00023-3
  5. Bruce, G.J. and Eyres, D.J. (2012), Ship Construction: Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  6. Cranz, K.J. (1936), Lehrbuch der Ballistik: Erganzungen zum Band I, 5. Aufl. (1925), Band II (1926) und Band III, 2. Aufl.(1927), J. Springer, Berlin, German.
  7. Hadianfard, M. A. and Farahani, A. (2012), "On the effect of steel columns cross sectional properties on the behaviours when subjected to blast loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 44(4), 449-463. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.44.4.449
  8. Hammond, L. and Saunders, D.S. (1997), The Applicability of Scaling Laws to Underwater Shock Tests, DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Australia.
  9. Hawass, A., Mostafa, H. and Elbeih, A. (2015), "Multi-layer protective armour for underwater shock wave mitigation", Defence Technol., 11(4), 338-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2015.04.006.
  10. Hopkinson, B. (1915), British Ordnance Board Minutes 13565, The National Archives, Kew, UK, 11.
  11. Hung, C., Hsu, P. and Hwang-Fuu, J. (2005), "Elastic shock response of an air-backed plate to underwater explosion", J. Impact Eng., 31(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.10.039.
  12. Hung, C., Lin, B., Hwang-Fuu, J. and Hsu, P. (2009), "Dynamic response of cylindrical shell structures subjected to underwater explosion", Ocean Eng., 36(8), 564-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.02.001.
  13. Itoh, S., Hamashima, H., Murata, K. and Kato, Y. (2002), "Determination of JWL parameters from underwater explosion test", the 12th International Detonation Symposium, San Diego, California, August.
  14. Kim, D. K., Ng, W. C. K. and Hwang, O. (2018), "An empirical formulation to predict maximum deformation of blast wall under explosion", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.2.237.
  15. Kim, J.H., Shin, H.C. and Park, M.K. (2005), "Application of Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Technique for Air Explosion Structural Analysis for Naval Ships Using LS-DYNA", J. Ship Ocean Technol., 9(1), 38-46.
  16. Klaseboer, E., Hung, K., Wang, C., Wang, C., Khoo, B., Boyce, P., Debono, S. and Charlier, H. (2005), "Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of an underwater explosion bubble near a resilient/rigid structure", J. Fluid Mech., 537, 387. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112005005306.
  17. Koli, S., Chellapandi, P., Rao, L. B. and Sawant, A. (2020), "Study on JWL equation of state for the numerical simulation of nearfield and far-field effects in underwater explosion scenario", Eng. Sci. Technol., 23(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.01.007.
  18. Li, G.Q., Yang, T.C. and Chen, S.W. (2009), "Behavior and simplified analysis of steel-concrete composite beams subjected to localized blast loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 32(2), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.32.2.337
  19. Li, J. and Rong, J.L. (2012), "Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamic response of structures subjected to underwater explosion", European J. Mech. B/Fluids, 32, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.02.001.
  20. Li, P. and Xu, G.-g. (2006), "Approximate Calculation of Underwater Explosion Shock Wave Propagation", Chinese J. Explosives Propellants, 29(4), 21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7812.2006.04.006
  21. Li, Q. and Jones, N. (2000), "On dimensionless numbers for dynamic plastic response of structural members", Archive of Appl. Mech., 70(4), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004199900072.
  22. Liang, C.-C. and Tai, Y.-S. (2006), "Shock responses of a surface ship subjected to noncontact underwater explosions", Ocean Eng., 33(5-6), 748-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.03.011.
  23. Liu, N., Wu, W., Zhang, A. and Liu, Y. (2017), "Experimental and numerical investigation on bubble dynamics near a free surface and a circular opening of plate", Phys. Fluids, 29(10), 107102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4999406.
  24. Lou, Y.F., Luo, C. and Jin, X.L. (2015), "Numerical simulations of interactions between solitary waves and elastic seawalls on rubble mound breakwaters", Struct. Eng. Mech., 53(3), 393-410. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.3.393
  25. Lu, Y. (2009), "Modelling of concrete structures subjected to shock and blast loading: an overview and some recent studies", Struct. Eng. Mech., 32(2), 235-249. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.32.2.235.
  26. McLean, M., Hill, J., Cobb, R. and Randall, F. (1994), "Modal Test of John Paul Jones (DDG‐53) Mast and Mast‐Mounted Antennas", Naval Eng. J., 106(2), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1994.tb02826.x.
  27. Neuberger, A., Peles, S. and Rittel, D. (2007a), "Scaling the response of circular plates subjected to large and close-range spherical explosions, Part I: Air-blast loading", J. Impact Eng., 34(5), 859-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.04.001.
  28. Neuberger, A., Peles, S. and Rittel, D. (2007b), "Scaling the response of circular plates subjected to large and close-range spherical explosions. Part II: Buried charges", J. Impact Eng., 34(5), 874-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.04.002.
  29. Ngo, T. and Mendis, P. (2009), "Modelling the dynamic response and failure modes of reinforced concrete structures subjected to blast and impact loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 32(2), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.32.2.269
  30. Otsuka, M., Matsui, Y., Murata, K., Kato, Y. and Itoh, S. (2004), "A study on shock wave propagation process in the smooth blasting technique", Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA, USA.
  31. Park, J. W. (2012), "Underwater explosion testing of catamaran-like structure vs. simulation and feasibility of using scaling law", M.Sc. Dissertation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
  32. Park, S.W. and Cho, J.R. (2012), "Adaptive fluid-structure interaction simulation of large-scale complex liquid containment with two-phase flow", Struct. Eng. Mech., 41(4), 559-573. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.41.4.559.
  33. Rajendran, R. and Narasimhan, K. (2001), "Linear elastic shock response of plane plates subjected to underwater explosion", J. Impact Eng., 25(5), 493-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00056-7.
  34. Rajendran, R. and Narasimhan, K. (2006), "Deformation and fracture behaviour of plate specimens subjected to underwater explosion-A review", J. Impact Eng., 32(12), 1945-1963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.05.013.
  35. Rezaei, M.J., Gerdooei, M. and Nosrati, H.G. (2020), "Blast resistance of a ceramic-metal armour subjected to air explosion: A parametric study", Struct. Eng. Mech., 74(6), 737-745. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.6.737.
  36. Shin, Y. S. and Schneider, N. A. (2003), "Ship shock trial simulation of USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG 81): Modeling and simulation strategy and surrounding fluid volume effects", 74th Shock and Vibration Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. October.
  37. Sohn, J.M., Kim, S.J., Seong, D.J., Kim, B.J., Ha, Y.C., Seo, J.K. and Paik, J.K. (2014), "Structural impact response characteristics of an explosion-resistant profiled blast walls in arctic conditions", Struct. Eng. Mech., 51(5), 755-771. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.5.755.
  38. Souli, M. h. and Benson, D. J. (2013), Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian and Fluid-Structure Interaction: Numerical Simulation, John Wiley and Sons, NJ, USA.
  39. Wang, W., Zhang, D., Lu, F., Wang, S.C. and Tang, F. (2012), "Experimental study on scaling the explosion resistance of a oneway square reinforced concrete slab under a close-in blast loading", J. Impact Eng., 49, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.03.010.
  40. Yao, S., Zhang, D., Lu, F., Chen, X. and Zhao, P. (2017), "A combined experimental and numerical investigation on the scaling laws for steel box structures subjected to internal blast loading", Impact Eng., 102, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.12.003.
  41. Yi, N. H., Kim, S.B., Nam, J. W., Ha, J. H. and Kim, J.H. J. (2011), "Debonding failure analysis of FRP-retrofitted concrete panel under blast loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 38(4), 479-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.38.4.479.
  42. Zhang, A.M., Zeng, L.Y., Wang, S.P. and Chen, Y. (2011), "The evaluation method of total damage to ship in underwater explosion", Appl. Ocean Res., 33(4), 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2011.06.002.
  43. Zhang, Z.H., Wang, Y., Zhang, L.J., Yuan, J.H. and Zhao, H.F. (2011), "Similarity research of anomalous dynamic response of ship girder subjected to near field underwater explosion", Appl. Math. Mech., 32(12), 1491-1504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-011-1518-9.
  44. Zhao, Y.P. (1998), "Suggestion of a new dimensionless number for dynamic plastic response of beams and plates", Arch. Appl. Mech., 68(7-8), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004190050184.