Advances in nano research

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Optimization of shear connectors with high strength nano concrete using soft computing techniques

  • Sedghi, Yadollah (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm International Campus) ;
  • Zandi, Yosef (Department of Civil Engineering,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Paknahad, Masoud (Faculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education) ;
  • Assilzadeh, Hamid (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University) ;
  • Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department)
  • Received : 2020.11.18
  • Accepted : 2021.08.30
  • Published : 2021.12.25
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Abstract

This paper conducted mainly for forecasting the behavior of the shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams based on the different factors. The main goal was to analyze the influence of variable parameters on the shear strength of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors. The method of ANFIS (adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) was applied to the data in order to select the most influential factors for the mentioned shear strength forecasting. Five inputs are considered: height, length, thickness of shear connectors together with concrete strength and respective slip of the shear connectors after testing. The ANFIS process for variable selection was also implemented in order to detect the predominant factors affecting the forecasting of the shear strength of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors. The results show that the forecasting methodology developed in this research is useful for enhancing the multiple performances characterizing in the shear strength prediction of C and L shaped angle shear connectors analyzing.

Keywords

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  85. Rezamand, A., Afrazi, M., and Shahidikhah, M., (2021), "Study of convex corners' effect on the displacements induced by soil-nailed excavations", J. Adv. Eng. Comput., 5(4).
  86. Rouhanifar, S. and Afrazi, M., (2019), "Experimental study on mechanical behavior of sand-rubber mixtures", Modares Civil Eng. J., 19(3), 83-96.
  87. Rouhanifar, S., Afrazi, M., Fakhimi, A. and Yazdani, M. (2020), "Strength and deformation behaviour of sand-rubber mixture", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2020.1812193.
  88. Sadeghian, F., Haddad, A., Jahandari, S., Rasekh, H. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2021a), "Effects of electrokinetic phenomena on the load-bearing capacity of different steel and concrete piles: A small-scale experimental study", Can. Geotech. J., 58(5), 741-746. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0650.
  89. Sadeghian, F., Jahandari, S., Haddad, A., Rasekh, H. and Li, J. (2021b), "Effects of variations of voltage and pH value on the shear strength of soil and durability of different electrodes and piles during electrokinetic phenomenon", Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.07.017.
  90. Sadeghipour Chahnasir, E., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Dehghani, E., Toghroli, A., Mohamed, E.T., Shariati, A., Safa, M., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Application of support vector machine with firefly algorithm for investigation of the factors affecting the shear strength of angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.413.
  91. Safa, M., Maleka, A., Arjomand, M.-A., Khorami, M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Strain rate effects on soil-geosynthetic interaction in fine-grained soil", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.533.
  92. Safa, M., Shariati, M., Ibrahim, Z., Toghroli, A., Baharom, S.B., Nor, N.M. and Petkovic, D. (2016), "Potential of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steel-concrete composite beam's shear strength", Steel Compos. Struct., 21(3), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.3.679.
  93. Safa, M., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2020), "Development of neuro-fuzzy and neuro-bee predictive models for prediction of the safety factor of eco-protection slopes", Physica A, 124046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.124046.
  94. Safa, M., Ahmadi, M., Mehrmashadi, J., Petkovic, D., Mohammadhassani, M., Zandi, Y. and Sedghi, Y. (2020), "Selection of the most influential parameters on vectorial crystal growth of highly oriented vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique", Int. J. Hydromechatron., 3(3), 238-251. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJHM.2020.10030657.
  95. Sajedi, F. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior study of NC and HSC RCCs confined by GRP casing and CFRP wrapping", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 417-432. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.417.
  96. Sari, P.A., Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Mu'azu, M., Dehghani, H., Sedghi, Y., Safa, M., Hasanipanah, M., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2018), "An intelligent based-model role to simulate the factor of safe slope by support vector regression", Eng. Comput., 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-018-0677-4.
  97. Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Ahmadi, E., Moghimi Azar, V., Toghroli, A., Safa, M., Tonnizam Mohamad, E., Khorami, M. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335.
  98. Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M. and Jumaat, M. (2015), "Steel rack connections: Identification of most influential factors and a comparison of stiffness design methods", PloS One, 10(10), e0139422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139422.
  99. Shah, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M., Khan, R. and Jumaat, M. (2016a), "Behavior of steel pallet rack beam-to-column connections at elevated temperatures", Thin Wall. Struct., 106, 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.05.021.
  100. Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016b), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017.
  101. Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Khan, R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016c), "Behavior of industrial steel rack connections", Mech. Syst. Signal Proc., 70, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.026.
  102. Shahabi, S., Ramli Sulong, N. H., Shariati, M., Mohammadhassani, M. and Shah, S. (2016a), "Numerical analysis of channel connectors under fire and a comparison of performance with different types of shear connectors subjected to fire", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(3), 651-669. https://doi.org/https://10.12989/scs.2016.20.3.651.
  103. Shahabi, S., Ramli Sulong, N. H., Shariati, M. and Shah, S. (2016b), "Performance of shear connectors at elevated temperatures-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(1), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.185.
  104. Shariat, M., Shariati, M., Madadi, A. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational Lagrangian Multiplier Method by using for optimization and sensitivity analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(2), 243-256 https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.2.243.
  105. Shariati, M. (2008), "Assessment of building using none-destructive test techniques (ultra sonic pulse velocity and schmidt rebound hammer)", M.Sc, Dissertation, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
  106. Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of c-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", M.Sc, Dissertation, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
  107. Shariati, A. (2014), "Behaviour of c-shaped angle shear connectors in high strength concrete", M.Sc, Dissertation, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
  108. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, Sydney, Australia, July.
  109. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011a), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Sci. Res. Essays, 6(1), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.879.
  110. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011b), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Seoul, South Korea.
  111. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011c), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  112. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad, M.M.K.H. and Mahoutian, M. (2011d), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Sci. Res. Essays, 6(4), 977-983. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.1120.
  113. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831 https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604.
  114. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSX11.004
  115. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  116. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  117. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, Hague, Netherlands, July.
  118. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.
  119. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater. 52, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.
  120. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  121. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: Experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  122. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  123. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM, Bangkok, Thailand, September.
  124. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S., Jalali, A., Abdullahi, M.A.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.
  125. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019a), "Comparison of dynamic behavior of shallow foundations based on pile and geosynthetic materials in fine-grained clayey soils", Geomech. Eng. 19(6), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.19.6.473.
  126. Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2019b), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569.
  127. Shariati, M., Heyrati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., Safa, M., Salih, M. N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019c), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(4), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553.
  128. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019d), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  129. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019e), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  130. Shariati, M., Rafiei, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Shariat, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N., Mehrabi, P. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr.. 8(3), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.
  131. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019g), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.
  132. Shariati, A., Barati, M.R., Ebrahimi, F., Singhal, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020a), "Investigating vibrational behavior of graphene sheets under linearly varying in-plane bending load based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory", Adv. Nano. Res., 8(4), 265-276. https://doi.org/10.12989/ANR.2020.8.4.265.
  133. Shariati, A., Barati, M.R., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "Investigation of microstructure and surface effects on vibrational characteristics of nanobeams based on nonlocal couple stress theory", Adv. Nano. Res., 8(3), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2020.8.3.191.
  134. Shariati, A., Bayrami, S.S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020c), "Wave propagation analysis of electro-rheological fluid-filled sandwich composite beam", Mech. Based Des. Struct., 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2020.1745646.
  135. Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Hosseini, S.H.S., Toghroli, A. and Bayrami, S.S. (2020d), "On the nonlinear dynamics of viscoelastic graphene sheets conveying nanoflow: Parametric excitation analysis", Mech. Based Des. Struct., 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2020.1728544.
  136. Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Karimiasl, M., Selvamani, R. and Toghroli, A. (2020e), "On bending characteristics of smart magneto-electro-piezoelectric nanobeams system", Adv. Nano. Res., 9(3), 183-191. http://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2020.9.3.183.
  137. Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Karimiasl, M., Vinyas, M. and Toghroli, A. (2020f), "On transient hygrothermal vibration of embedded viscoelastic flexoelectric/piezoelectric nanobeams under magnetic loading", Adv. Nano. Res., 8(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2020.8.1.049.
  138. Shariati, A., Hosseini, S.H.S., Bayrami, S.S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020g), "Effect of residual surface stress on parametrically excited nonlinear dynamics and instability of viscoelastic piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators", Eng. Comput., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00916-9.
  139. Shariati, A., Hosseini, S.H.S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020h), "Nonlinear dynamics and vibration of reinforced piezoelectric scale-dependent plates as a class of nonlinear Mathieu-Hill systems: parametric excitation analysis", Eng. Comput., 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-00942-y.
  140. Shariati, A., Qaderi, S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020i), "On buckling characteristics of polymer composite plates reinforced with graphene platelets", Eng. Comput., 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-00992-2.
  141. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020j), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng. 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.
  142. Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020k), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 393-407. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393.
  143. Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020l), "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(5), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587.
  144. Shariati, M., Lagzian, M., Maleki, S., Shariati, A. and Trung, N.T. (2020m), "Evaluation of seismic performance factors for tension-only braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/wxf5k.
  145. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020n), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.
  146. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020o), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.
  147. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020p), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.
  148. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020q), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  149. Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020r), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.
  150. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020s), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: An experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.
  151. Shariati, M. and Shariati, A. (2021a), "Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithms with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict load-slip behavior of angle shear connectors at elevated temperatures", Compos. Struct., 114524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.11452.
  152. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2021b), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 267, 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886.
  153. Sharma, S.K., Ransinchung, G. and Kumar, P. (2018), "Investigating the use of wollastonite micro fiber in yielding SCC", Adv. Concrete Constr. 6(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2018.6.2.123
  154. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.
  155. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Sci. Res. Essays, 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.
  156. Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2019), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geologic. Eng., 37(3), 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3.
  157. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of c-shaped and l-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  158. Thang, P.T., Nguyen-Thoi, T., Lee, D., Kang, J. and Lee, J. (2018), "Elastic buckling and free vibration analyses of porous-cellular plates with uniform and non-uniform porosity distributions", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 79, 278-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.06.010.
  159. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  160. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of stee-concrete composite beam", J. Intell. Manuf., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.
  161. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M.R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM, Zurich, Switzerland.
  162. Toghroli, A., Darvishmoghaddam, E., Zandi, Y., Parvan, M., Safa, M., Abdullahi, M.M., Heydari, A., Wakil, K., Gebreel, S.A. and Khorami, M. (2018a), "Evaluation of the parameters affecting the Schmidt rebound hammer reading using ANFIS method", Comput. Concrete, 21(5), 525-530. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.21.5.525.
  163. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018b), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.
  164. Toghroli, A., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Jahandari, S. and Rasekh, H. (2020a), "Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate and pozzolanic additives in fiber-reinforced pervious concrete with industrial and recycled fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 252, 118997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118997.
  165. Toghroli, A., Nasirianfar, M.S., Shariati, A., Khorami, M., Paknahad, M., Ahmadi, M., Gharehaghaj, B. and Zandi, Y. (2020b), "Analysis of extended end plate connection equipped with SMA bolts using component method", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.2.213.
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