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An Analysis of the Capacity Concept in Elementary School Mathematics: Focused on the Textbooks and Teacher Understanding

초등 수학 교과서 내용과 교사 이해를 중심으로 한 들이 개념 지도에 대한 분석

  • Received : 2021.11.03
  • Accepted : 2021.12.23
  • Published : 2021.12.31

Abstract

Capacity is a concept that has been covered in elementary mathematics textbooks but its meaning has not been accurately defined in the textbooks. Two units, liter (L) and milliliter (mL), are introduced as the units of capacity in the textbooks, but they are the units of volume according to the International System of Unit. These stimulated us to analyze what capacity is, and how the capacity is related to the concept of volume. This study scrutinized how the different elementary mathematics textbooks that were developed from the first national curriculum to the most recently revised curriculum introduced the capacity and explained the relationship between capacity and volume. This study also examined the understanding of capacity by elementary school teachers using a questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the concept of capacity has been mostly introduced in the third grade in common but that there were differences among textbooks in terms of how they presented and used the concept of capacity as well as whether they described its definition or relationship with the concept of volume. Regarding the results of teachers' understanding, most teachers could explain the capacity as either "the size of the inner space of the container" or "the amount that can be contained" but some of them provided only superficial or inappropriate feedback for the students with the common misunderstandings of capacity. Based on these results, this paper presents implications for textbook developers and teachers to better address the concept of capacity.

들이는 초등학교 수학 교과서에서 지속적으로 지도되어 왔지만 그 의미를 정확하게 정의하지 않고 사용하는 용어이다. 교과서에서 들이의 단위로 리터와 밀리리터가 제시되는 데, 이는 국제단위계에 의하면 부피의 단위에 해당한다. 이와 같은 측면에서 들이의 개념과 들이와 부피의 관계에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 제1차 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 수학 교과서부터 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 수학 교과서까지 들이 개념이 어떻게 다루어졌는지 분석하고, 초등학교 교사들이 들이 개념을 어떻게 이해하고 있는지 설문지를 통해 살펴보았다. 교과서 분석 결과 들이의 도입 시기는 매우 유사하였으나 들이를 제시하는 상황, 정의 여부, 부피와의 비교, 활용 측면은 교과서에 따라 차이가 있었다. 들이에 대한 교사의 이해를 분석한 결과 대부분의 교사들은 '용기 안쪽 공간의 크기'나 '용기에 담을 수 있는 양'으로 설명하였으나, 들이에 관련된 학생들의 오개념을 분석하는 측면에서는 피상적이거나 적절하지 않은 답변도 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 들이 개념의 지도 방안과 차기 교과서 개발에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

Keywords

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