DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Strength Training Combined with Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Leg Muscle Thickness in Children with Cerebral Palsy

  • Mun, Dal-Ju (Department of Physical Therapy, Taegu Science University) ;
  • Park, Jae-Cheol (Department of Physical Therapy, Jeon Nam Techno University)
  • 투고 : 2021.11.20
  • 심사 : 2021.12.07
  • 발행 : 2021.12.31

초록

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training combined with blood flow restriction on leg muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Nineteen children with cerebral palsy, aged between five and 10 years of age, living in area N, were recruited. Ten participants were classified into a blood flow restriction group and nine into a strength exercise group. The experimental group performed strength training using a blood flow restriction cuff on the leg, and the control group performed strength training without blood flow restriction. A paired t-test was performed to confirm intragroup changes before and after five weeks of the experiment, and an independent t-test was performed to confirm intergroup changes, and the significance level was α=0.05. Results: The rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus medius muscles showed significant differences in the groups after five weeks (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius after five weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was found that strength training combined with blood flow restriction had a positive effect on the changes in leg muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy. This suggests the possibility of using it in the future as basic data for strength training methods and blood flow restriction exercises for children with cerebral palsy.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abd-Elfattah HM, Aly SM. Effect of core stability exercises on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021;45(1): 71-78. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.20124
  2. Ali MS, Abd El-Aziz HG. Effect of whole-body vibration on abdominal thickness and sitting ability in children with spastic diplegia. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2021;16(3):379-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.11.006
  3. Barak Sharon, Hutzler Yeshayahu, Dubnov-Raz Gal. Physical exercise for people with cerebral palsy: effects, recommendations and barriers. Journal of the Israel Medical Association. 2014; 153(5):266-272.
  4. Barbalho M, Rocha AC, Seus TL et al. Addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization reduces the rate of muscle wasting in elderly patients in the intensive care unit: a within-patient randomized trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2019; 33(2) 233-240.
  5. Cardoso GG, Lopes KG, Bottino DA, et al. Acute effects of physical exercise with different levels of blood flow restriction on vascular reactivity and biomarkers of muscle hypertrophy, endothelial function and oxidative stress in young and elderly subjects - A randomized controlled protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2021;22:100740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100740
  6. Centner C, Lauber B. A systematic review and meta-analysis on neural adaptations following blood flow restriction training: What we know and what we don't know. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020;11(887):1-11.
  7. Douris PC, Cogen ZS, Fields HT et al. The effects of blood flow restriction training on functional improvements in an active single subject with Parkinson disease. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2018;13(2): 247-254. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20180247
  8. El-Shamy SM, Abd El Kafy EM. Efficacy of axial theratogs on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy. 2021;26(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00019-x
  9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, et al. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 2009;41(4): 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  10. Ferlito JV, Pecce SAP, Oselame L, et al. The blood flow restriction training effect in knee osteoarthritis people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2020;34(11):1378-1390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520943650
  11. Giles L, Webster KE, McClelland J, et al. Quadriceps strengthening with and without blood flow restriction in the treatment of patellofemoral pain: a double-blind randomised trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;51(23):1688-1694. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096329
  12. Herzog W, Abrahamse SK, ter Keurs HE. Theoretical determination of force-length relations of intact human skeletal muscles using the cross-bridge model. European Journal of Physiology. 1990;416(1): 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00370231
  13. Hill. Eccentric, but not concentric blood flow restriction resistance training increases muscle strength in the untrained limb. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2020;43:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.01.013
  14. Howard JJ, Herzog W. Skeletal muscle in cerebral palsy: from belly to myofibril. Frontiers in Neurology. 2021;12(620852):1-15.
  15. Kadhim M, Miller F. Crouch gait changes after planovalgus foot deformity correction in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Gait & Posture. 2014;39(2):793-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.10.020
  16. Korkmaz E, Donmez G, Uzuner K, et al. Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength and architecture. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020;XX(X):000-000.
  17. Kim YN, Lee DK. Effects of active vibration exercise on neck pain, disability index, and muscle activity of patients with forward head posture. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy. 2018;30(6):218-223. https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2018.30.6.218
  18. Laurentino GC, Ugrinowitsch C, Roschel H, et al. Strength training with blood flow restriction diminishes myostatin gene expression. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2012;44(3):406-412. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318233b4bc
  19. Leonard TR, Howard JJ, Larkin-Kaiser K, et al. Stiffness of hip adductor myofibrils is decreased in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Biomechanics. 2019;87(18):100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.02.023
  20. Letieri RV, Teixeira AM, Furtado GE, et al. Effect of 16 weeks of resistance exercise and detraining comparing two methods of blood flow restriction in muscle strength of healthy older women: a randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology. 2018;114:78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.017
  21. Lieber RL, Friden J. Muscle contracture and passive mechanics in cerebral palsy. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2019;126(5):1492-1501. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00278.2018
  22. Noble JJ, Fry NR, Lewis AP, et al. Lower l imb muscle volumes in bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Brain and Development. 2014;36(4):294-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2013.05.008
  23. Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD, Sipes L. Blood flow restriction training can improve peak torque strength in chronic atrophic postoperative quadriceps and hamstrings muscles. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2021;37(9):2860-2869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.040
  24. Oudenhoven LM, Kerkum YL, Buizer AI, et al. How does a systematic tuning protocol for ankle foot orthosis-footwear combinations affect gait in children in cerebral palsy? Disability and Rehabilitation. 2021;10:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2014.921248
  25. Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, et al. Blood f low restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019;10(533):1-15.
  26. Peterson MD, Hurvitz EA. Cerebral palsy grows up. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2021;96(Issue):1404-1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.006
  27. Pool D, Blackmore AM, Bear N, et al. Effects of short-term daily community walk aide use on children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2014;26(3):308-317. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0000000000000057
  28. Reid SM, Carlin JB, Reddihough DS. Using the gross motor function classification system to describe patterns of motor severity in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2011;53(11):1007-1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04044.x
  29. Rodrigues R, Ferraz RB, Kurimori CO, et al. Low-load resistance training with blood-flow restriction in relation to muscle function, mass, and functionality in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2020;72(6):787-797. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23911
  30. Rose J, McGill KC. The motor unit in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1998;40(4):270-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15461.x
  31. Ryu I-J, Son K-H. The effects of the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise on walking and balance of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science. 2011;18(2):17-28.
  32. Salazar-Torres JJ, Church C, Shields T, et al. Comparison of surgical outcomes for distal rectus femoris transfer and resection surgeries in children with cerebral palsy with stiff knee gait. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2021;41(8):520-524. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001886
  33. Sharma A, Geovinson SG, Sandhu JS. Effects of a nine-week core strengthening exercise program on vertical jump performances and static balance in volleyball players with trunk instability. Journal of Sports Medical Physical Fitness. 2012; 52(6):606-615.
  34. Stackhouse SK, Binder-Macleod SA, Lee SC. Voluntary muscle activation, contractile properties, and fatigability in children with and without cerebral palsy. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 2005;31(5):594-601.
  35. Stavsky M, Mor O, Mastrolia SA, et al. Cerebral palsy-trends in epidemiology and recent development in prenatal mechanisms of disease, treatment, and prevention. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2017;5(21): 1-10.