Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Distribution of foodborne pathogens in red pepper and environment

고추와 재배환경의 식품매개 병원균 분포

  • Jung, Jieun (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Seung-Mi (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yang, SuIn (Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jin, Hyeon-Suk (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Kyu-Seok (Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Roh, Eunjung (Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Myeong-In (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Gee (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ryu, Kyoung-Yul (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Kwang Kyo (Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 정지은 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과) ;
  • 서승미 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과) ;
  • 양수인 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 작물보호과) ;
  • 진현숙 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과) ;
  • 정규석 (경기도농업기술원) ;
  • 노은정 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 작물보호과) ;
  • 정명인 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과) ;
  • 류재기 (국립농업과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 류경열 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과) ;
  • 오광교 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물과)
  • Received : 2021.10.11
  • Accepted : 2021.11.22
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the extent of microbial contamination, the presence of enterotoxin genes, and the antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus in 58 red pepper plants and 43 environmental samples (soil, irrigation water, and gloves) associated with the plant cultivation. The detected counts of total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were lower in these samples, as compared to the regulations of standards for foods; moreover, pathogens, such as E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., were not detected. Genes encoding hemolysin BL enterotoxins (hblA, hblC, and hblD) as well as non-hemolytic enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, and nheC) were detected in 23 B. cereus specimens that were isolated from the test samples and had β-hemolytic activity. Interestingly, B. cereus is resistant to β-lactam and susceptible to non-β-lactam antibiotics. However, in this case, the isolated B. cereus specimens exhibited a shift from resistant to intermediate in response to cefotaxime and from susceptible to intermediate in case of rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Therefore, the levels of B. cereus should be monitored to detect changes in antibiotic susceptibility and guarantee their safety.

본 연구는 고추와 토양, 농업용수, 장갑을 대상으로 101개의 시료를 채취하여 위생지표세균(일반세균, 대장균군, 대장균)과 B. cereus, S. aureus에 대해 정량 분석과 병원성 세균(병원성 E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp.)에 대해 정성 분석하였다. 고추와 토양, 장갑 시료의 일반세균수는 3.36-7.08 log CFU/g, 대장균군은 2.16-5.14 log CFU/g, 대장균은 1.50-1.54 log CFU/g이었고 농업용수 시료의 대장균군은 17.67-247.05 MPN/100 mL 수준으로 나타났다. 고추와 토양, 농업용수, 장갑의 B. cereus는 1.35-6.78 log CFU/g, S. aureus는 1.63-2.09 log CFU/g 수준으로 나타났다. 고추와 토양, 농업용수, 장갑 시료에서 병원성 E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. 등은 검출되지 않았다. 고추와 환경 시료에서 분리한 B. cereus의 장독소 유전자와 항생제 감수성을 분석하였다. 고추와 토양, 장갑에서 분리한 B. cereus의 hblACD 유전자는 각각 54.5, 75, 75% 비율이었으며, nheABC유전자는 각각 72.7, 75, 100% 비율이었다. 고추와 토양, 장갑에서 분리한 B. cereus는 β-lactam계 항생제에 대해 저항을 보였지만, cefotaxime에 대해 일부 균주는 중간 내성을 보였고 모든 균주는 imipenem에 대해 감수성을 나타냈다. B. cereus는 비β-lactam계 항생제에 대해 감수성을 나타냈지만, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaole, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin에 대해 일부 균주는 중간 내성을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 재배단계 고추의 미생물학적 오염도를 파악할 수 있고, 고추에 오염된 B. cereus에 의해 설사형 식중독이 발생 가능성을 파악할 수 있다. 이는 농산물 중 미생물 기준 설정 등에 대한 과학적 근거로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다. 또한, 고추와 재배환경에서 항생제 저항성 B. cereus가 검출되어 농업현장에서 항생제 내성균주 출현을 예방하는 대책이 요구된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업과학기술연구개발사업(과제:PJ0126762019)의 지원을 받아 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립니다.

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