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Confinement effectiveness of Timoshenko and Euler Bernoulli theories on buckling of microfilaments

  • Taj, Muhammad (Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir) ;
  • Khadimallah, Mohamed A. (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department) ;
  • Hussain, Muzamal (Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad) ;
  • Mahmood, Shaid (Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir) ;
  • Safeer, Muhammad (Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir) ;
  • Al Naim, Abdullah F. (Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University) ;
  • Ahmad, Manzoor (Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir)
  • Received : 2020.11.22
  • Accepted : 2020.12.18
  • Published : 2021.01.25
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Abstract

Rice Husk Ash (RHA) geopolymer paste activated by sodium aluminate were characterized by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion X-Ray analysis (EDAX)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Five series of RHA geopolymer specimens were prepared by varying the Si/Al ratio as 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5. The paper focuses on the correlation of microstructure with hardened state parameters like bulk density, apparent porosity, sorptivity, water absorption and compressive strength. XRD analysis peaks indicates quartz, cristobalite and gibbsite for raw RHA and new peaks corresponding to Zeolite A in geopolymer specimens. In general, SEM micrographs show interconnected pores and loosely packed geopolymer matrix except for specimens made with Si/Al of 2.0 which exhibited comparatively better matrix. Incorporation of Al from sodium aluminate were confirmed with the stretching and bending vibration of Si-O-Si and O-Si-O observations from the FTIR analysis of geopolymer specimen. The dense microstructure of SA2.0 correlate into better performance in terms of 28 days maximum compressive strength of 16.96 MPa and minimum for porosity, absorption and sorptivity among the specimens. However, due to the higher water demand to make the paste workable, the value of porosity, absorption and sorptivity were reportedly higher as compared with other geopolymer systems. Correlation regression equations were proposed to validate the interrelation between physical parameters and mechanical strength. RHA geopolymer shows comparatively lower compressive strength as compared to Fly ash geopolymer.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This project was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University under the research project No 16794/01/2020.

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